APPLICATION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARY SERVICES ENGINEERING

A PROJECT REPORT Submitt ed by RAMYA. S (41502106080)

in ELECTRONICS AND COMM!NICATION ENGINEERING

S.R.M. ENGINEERING COLLEGE"

REVATHI. M #ATTAN#!LATH!R$60% 20%" (41502106086) #ANCHEEP!RAM DISTRICT. SO MYA. G (41502106110) ANNA !NIVERSITY & CHENNAI 600 025

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF

MAY 2006

ANNA !NIVERSITY & CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report 'APPLICATION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARY SERVICES( is the bonafide work of RAMYA. S (4150 10!0"0# $
R%&A'(). M (4150 10!0"!# $ S*+MYA. , (4150 10!110#- )*+ ,-../01 +23 3*0

4.+50,3 )+.6 2710. 89 :240.;/:/+7.

SIGNAT!RE SIGNAT!RE P.+<. D.. S.JAYASHRI

M.. B. RAMACHANDRAN S!PERVISOR

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

.rofessor %/%C'R*0)CS A01 %/%C'R*0)CS A01 C*MM20)CA')*0 %0,,. C*MM20)CA')*0 %0,,. S.R.M. %n3ineerin3 Co44e3e$ S.R.M. %n3ineerin3 Co44e3e$ 5attank64ath6r7!08 08$ 5ancheep6ra9 1istrict.
5attank64ath6r7!08 08$ 5ancheep6ra9 1istrict.

INTERNAL E=AMINER

E=TERNAL E=AMINER

AC#NO LEDGEMENT +e e:press o6r 3ratit6de to P.+<. R. V076-3.-8-7/$ .rincipa4$ S.R.M. %n3innerin3 Co44e3e$ and D.. T. P.G-70:-7$ 1irector$ S.R.M. %n3innerin3 Co44e3e$ for aidin3 6s in o6r endea;or to co9p4ete the project. +e thank D.. S. J-9-:*./$ (ead of the depart9ent$ %4ectronics and Co996nication %n3ineerin3$ for her s6pport d6rin3 the co6rse of o6r project work. +e e:tend o6r deep appreciation to o6r 36ide M.. B. R-8-,*-71.-7$ .rofessor$ 1epart9ent of %4ectronics and Co996nication %n3ineerin3$ for his constant 36idance and enco6ra3e9ent d6rin3 the co6rse of o6r project. +e a4so e:tend o6r thanks to o6r project coordinator$ M.:. M. S2:/>-$ Senior /ect6rer$ 1epart9ent of %4ectronics and Co996nication %n3ineerin3$ for cond6ctin3 periodica4 re;iews and thereb< he4pin3 6s to p4an and co9p4ete the project we44 in ti9e. +e wo64d a4so 4ike to thank M.. #. V00.-.-?*-;-7$ Software %n3ineer$ A9erican )nfo So46tions$ for his ski44f64 36idance and pro;idin3 6s with the infrastr6ct6re for o6r project. =ina44< $ we e:press o6r 3ratit6de to a44 the staff 9e9bers and 4ab technicians of o6r depart9ent.

ABSTRACT Radio Fre>6enc< IDentification (R=)1# is an a6to9atic identification 9ethod$ re4<in3 on storin3 and re9ote4< retrie;in3 data 6sin3 de;ices ca44ed R=)1 ta3s. An R=)1 ta3 is a s9a44 object that can be attached to or incorporated into a prod6ct$
ani9a4$ or person. R=)1 ta3s contain antennas to enab4e the9 to recei;e and respond

to radio7fre>6enc< >6eries fro9 an R=)1 transcei;er.

'he p6rpose of an R=)1 s<ste9 is to enab4e data to be trans9itted b< a 9obi4e de;ice$ ca44ed a ta3$ which is read b< an R=)1 reader and processed accordin3 to the needs of a partic64ar app4ication. 'he data trans9itted b< the ta3 9a< pro;ide identification or infor9ation$ or specifics abo6t the prod6ct ta33ed. )n a t<pica4 R=)1 s<ste9$ indi;id6a4 objects are e>6ipped with a s9a44$ ine:pensi;e ta3. 'he ta3 contains a di3ita4 9e9or< chip that is 3i;en a 6ni>6e e4ectronic prod6ct code. 'he interro3ator$ an antenna packa3ed with a transcei;er and decoder$ e9its a si3na4 acti;atin3 the R=)1 ta3 so it can read and write data to it. +hen an R=)1 ta3 passes thro63h the e4ectro9a3netic ?one$ it detects the reader@s acti;ation si3na4. 'he reader decodes the data encoded in the ta3@s inte3rated circ6it (si4icon chip# and the data is passed to the host co9p6ter for processin3.)n 4ibrar< operation R=)1 techno4o3< can be 6sed in 4ibrar< ad9inistration s6ch as transaction of booksAjo6rna4s$ book sortin3$ sec6rit< 3ates etc. +e are 6sin3 this techno4o3< in 4ibrar< ser;ices 4ike borrow$ ret6rn and renewa4 b< ta33in3 the 4ibrar< books.

LIST OF TABLES S.NO .4.1 .".1 TITLE =R%B2%0CY RA0,%S .)0 C*0=)B2RA')*0 PAGE NO. C 1

LIST OF FIG!RES =),2R% 0* .1. 1 .!. 1 .!. .". 1 .". ')'/% R=)1 SYS'%M )012C')&% C*2./)0, SYS'%M )012C')&% C*2./)0, R= A0'%00A C)RC2)' *&%RA// C)RC2)' 1)A,RAM .A,% 0*. 4 D 1 0 1 8 1 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. / / / / ; ; 1 % 8 4 5 ! ! ! ! " D 1 1 1 1 8 1 5 1 @ 2 6 2 A 4 A

CHAPTER NO.

TITLE ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIG!RES

1. 2.

INTROD!CTION THE RFID SYSTEM .1 R=)1 'A,S .1.1 'Y.%S *= R=)1 'A,S .1. 'Y.%S *= M%M*R)%S )0 R=)1 'A,S .1.8 R=)1 'A, AS A R%S*0A0C% C)RC2)' . R=)1 R%A1%R .8 '(% (*S' SYS'%M .4 =R%B2%0CY RA0,%S )0 R=)1 'A,S .5 A1&A0'A,%S *= 18.5!M(E =R%B2%0CY .! )012C')&% C*2./)0, .C S'A01AR1S )0 R=)1 '%C(0*/*,Y ." .)0 C*0=),2RA')*0 =*R R+M!00 .D (AR1+AR% 1%SCR).')*0 APPLICATION IN LIBRARY SERVICES INTERFACING PROGRAM CONCL!SION APPENDI= REFERENCES

%. 4. 5.

1. INTROD!CTION Radio fre>6enc< identification$ or R=)1$ is a 3eneric ter9 for techno4o3ies that 6se radio wa;es to a6to9atica44< identif< peop4e or objects. 'here are se;era4 9ethods of identification$ b6t the 9ost co99on is to store a seria4 n69ber that identifies a person or object$ and perhaps other infor9ation$ on a 9icrochip that is attached to an antenna (the chip and the antenna to3ether are ca44ed an R=)1 transponder or an R=)1 ta3#. 'he antenna enab4es the chip to trans9it the identification infor9ation to a reader. 'he reader con;erts the radio wa;es ref4ected back fro9 the R=)1 ta3 into di3ita4 infor9ation that can then be passed on to co9p6ters that can 9ake 6se of it.
Radio =re>6enc< )dentification (R=)1# is the techno4o3< that is s4ated to rep4ace barcodes in 4ibrar< app4ications. )t is a for9 of identification that is contact74ess and does not re>6ire 4ine of si3ht. 'he techno4o3<$ tho63h new to 4ibraries$ has been in 6se in other sectors for 9ore than 0 <ears. 'he R=)1 ta3s are p4aced in books and 3enera44< co;ered with a propert< sticker. Antennas of different si?es$ based on app4ication$ are 6sed to read the ta3s and 9ana3e the ;ario6s 4ibrar< f6nctions.

'he R=)1 So46tion is a re;o46tionar< app4ication of a6to9atic identification and data capt6re (A)1C# techno4o3<. )n a 4ibrar< en;iron9ent$ R=)1 techno4o3< rese9b4es a traditiona4 barcode s<ste9 in that it pro;ides a 9eans of assi3nin3 an )1 to an ite9 and readin3 that )1 to perfor9 transactions. A6to9atic identification$ or a6to )1 for short$ is the broad ter9 3i;en to a host of techno4o3ies that are 6sed to he4p 9achines identif< objects. A6to identification is often co6p4ed with a6to9atic data capt6re. 'hat is$ co9panies want to identif< ite9s$ capt6re infor9ation abo6t the9 and so9ehow 3et the data into a co9p6ter witho6t ha;in3 e9p4o<ees t<pe it in. 'he ai9 of 9ost a6to7)1 s<ste9s is to increase efficienc<$ red6ce data entr< errors and free 6p staff to perfor9 9ore ;a46e7added f6nctions$ s6ch as pro;idin3 c6sto9er ser;ice. 'here is a host of techno4o3ies that fa44 6nder the a6to7)1 69bre44a. 'hese inc46de bar codes$ s9art cards$ ;oice reco3nition$ so9e bio9etric techno4o3ies (retina4 scans$ for instance#$ optica4 character reco3nition (*CR# and radio fre>6enc< identification (R=)1#.

)n /ibrar< operation the R=)1 techno4o3< is 6sed in /ibrar< ad9inistration s6ch as 'ransactions of books$ jo6rna4s$ Fook sortin3 $ Sec6rit< 3ates etc.

'he 9ethodo4o3< of i9p4e9entin3 R=)1 techno4o3< to /ibrar< operations is b< 'a33in3 the /ibrar< book. After stickin3 R=)1 4abe4 on the book$ its infor9ation s6ch as Accession n69ber $'it4e $A6thor are incorporated in the chip of the 4abe4. 'his f6nction a44ows writin3 s6ch infor9ation on chip either fro9 the software database or b< scannin3 e:istin3 Farcode 4abe4 a;ai4ab4e in the book. After estab4ishin3 the ;a4idit< of a 9e9ber card either b< barcode reader or b< s9art card reader$ the books to be checked7o6t of the 4ibrar< are p4aced on the deck of the station. )t happens a6to9atica44< when staff is in the process of rep4acin3 the e:istin3 book b< another book bein3 checked7o6t b< the sa9e borrower. 'he books ret6rned b< the borrower are p6t on the deck of the station. 'he correspondin3 software co64d ca4c64ate the 4ate fine$ if an<$ and wo64d 6pdate the software database. Si964taneo6s4< $ the detection s<ste9 in the s9art 4abe4 is a6to9atica44< acti;ated.
'he books that are to be renewed are p6t on the deck of the station. 'he software wo64d check the ;a4idit< of the renewa4 and accordin34< 6pdate the database.

2. THE RFID SYSTEM An R=)1 s<ste9 9a< consist of se;era4 co9ponentsG ta3s$ ta3 readers$ ed3e ser;ers$ 9idd4eware$ and app4ication software as 3i;en in fi36re .1.1. 'he p6rpose of an R=)1 s<ste9 is to enab4e data to be trans9itted b< a 9obi4e de;ice$ ca44ed a ta3$ which is read b< an R=)1 reader and processed accordin3 to the needs of a partic64ar app4ication. 'he data trans9itted b< the ta3 9a< pro;ide identification or 4ocation infor9ation$ or specifics abo6t the prod6ct ta33ed$ s6ch as price$ co4or$ date of p6rchase$ etc. R=)1 >6ick4< 3ained attention beca6se of its abi4it< to track 9o;in3 objects. 2.1 RFID TAGS

)n a t<pica4 R=)1 s<ste9$ indi;id6a4 objects are e>6ipped with a s9a44$ ine:pensi;e ta3. 'he ta3 contains a transponder with a di3ita4 9e9or< chip that is 3i;en a 6ni>6e e4ectronic prod6ct code. 'he interro3ator$ an antenna packa3ed with a transcei;er and decoder$ e9its a si3na4 acti;atin3 the R=)1 ta3 so it can read and write data to it. +hen an R=)1 ta3 passes thro63h the e4ectro9a3netic ?one$ it detects the reader@s acti;ation si3na4. 'he reader decodes the data encoded in the ta3@s inte3rated circ6it (si4icon chip# and the data is passed to the host co9p6ter for processin3. 'ake the e:a9p4e of books in a 4ibrar<. Sec6rit< 3ates can detect whether or not a book has been proper4< checked o6t of the 4ibrar<. +hen 6sers ret6rn ite9s$ the sec6rit< bit is re7set and the ite9 record in the inte3rated 4ibrar< s<ste9 is a6to9atica44< 6pdated. )n so9e R=)1 so46tions a ret6rn receipt can be 3enerated. At this point$ 9ateria4s can be ro63h4< sorted into bins b< the ret6rn e>6ip9ent. )n;entor< wands pro;ide a finer detai4 of sortin3. 'his too4 can be 6sed to p6t books into she4f7read< order. B070</3: +< RFID 3-?: -.0

1H 'hin and f4e:ib4e. H +ithstands bendin3. 8H %as< secondar< processin3 onto b6siness for9s (ro447to7ro44#.

FIG!RE 2.1.1 RFID SYSTEM

2.1.1 TYPES ! R!"# TA$S R=)1 ta3s can be either acti;e$ se9i7passi;e (Ise9i7acti;e# or passi;e.
P-::/;0 RFID ta3s ha;e no interna4 power s6pp4<. 'he 9in6te e4ectrica4 c6rrent ind6ced in the antenna b< the inco9in3 radio fre>6enc< si3na4 pro;ides j6st eno63h power for the CM*S inte3rated circ6it ()C# in the ta3 to power 6p and trans9it a response. Most passi;e ta3s si3na4 b< backscatterin3 the carrier si3na4 fro9 the reader. 'his 9eans that the aeria4 (antenna# has to be desi3ned to both co44ect power fro9 the inco9in3 si3na4 and a4so to trans9it the o6tbo6nd backscatter si3na4. 'he response of a passi;e R=)1 ta3 is not j6st an )1 n69ber (,2)1#G ta3 chip can contain non;o4ati4e %%.R*M(%4ectrica44< %rasab4e .ro3ra99ab4e Read7*n4< Me9or<# for storin3 data. /ack of an onboard power s6pp4< 9eans that the de;ice can be >6ite s9a44G co99ercia44< a;ai4ab4e prod6cts e:ist that can be e9bedded 6nder the skin. As of 005$ the s9a44est s6ch de;ices co99ercia44< a;ai4ab4e 9eas6red 0.4 99 J 0.4 99$ and is thinner than a sheet of paperK s6ch de;ices are practica44< in;isib4e. .assi;e ta3s ha;e practica4 read distances ran3in3 fro9 abo6t 99 ()S* 14448# 6p to abo6t few 9etres ()S* 1"0007!# dependin3 on the chosen radio fre>6enc<. 16e to their si9p4icit< in desi3n the< are a4so s6itab4e for 9an6fact6re with a printin3 process for the antennae. A de;e4op9ent tar3et are po4<carbon se9icond6ctor ta3s to beco9e entire4< printed. .assi;e R=)1 ta3s do not re>6ire batteries$ and can be 96ch s9a44er and ha;e an 6n4i9ited 4ife span.

S08/$4-::/;0 RFID ta3s are ;er< si9i4ar to passi;e ta3s e:cept for the addition of a s9a44 batter<. 'his batter< a44ows the ta3 )C to be constant4< powered. 'his re9o;es the need for the aeria4 to be desi3ned to co44ect power fro9 the inco9in3 si3na4. Aeria4s can therefore be opti9ised for the backscatterin3 si3na4. Se9i7passi;e R=)1 ta3s are faster in response and therefore stron3er in readin3 ratio co9pared to passi;e ta3s. A,3/;0 RFID ta3s or beacons$ on the other hand$ ha;e an their own interna4 power so6rce which is 6sed to power an< )Cs and 3enerate the o6t3oin3 si3na4. 'he< 9a< ha;e 4on3er ran3e and 4ar3er 9e9ories than passi;e ta3s$ as we44 as the abi4it< to store additiona4 infor9ation sent b< the transcei;er. 'o econo9i?e power cons69ption$ 9an< beacon concepts operate at fi:ed inter;a4s. At present$ the

s9a44est acti;e ta3s are abo6t the si?e of a coin. Man< acti;e ta3s ha;e practica4 ran3es of tens of 9etres$ and a batter< 4ife of 6p to 10 <ears. Feca6se passi;e ta3s are cheaper to 9an6fact6re and ha;e no batter<$ the 9ajorit< of R=)1 ta3s in e:istence are of the passi;e ;ariet<. 'oda<$ as 6ni;ersa4 R=)1 ta33in3 of indi;id6a4 prod6cts beco9e co99ercia44< ;iab4e at ;er< 4ar3e ;o469es$ the 4owest cost ta3s a;ai4ab4e on the 9arket are as 4ow as Rs. 5 eachin ;o469es of 10 9i44ion 6nits or 9ore. C6rrent de9and for R=)1 inte3rated circ6it chips is e:pected to 3row rapid4< based on these prices. 2.1.2 TYPES OF MEMORIES IN RFID TAGS 'ransponders can be offered with one of the fo44owin3 three t<pes of 9e9or<. Me9or< si?e t<pica44< differs dependin3 on app4ication and techno4o3<G R0-1 O7>9 transponders ha;e a 6ni>6e code pro3ra99ed into the9 b< the 9an6fact6rer that cannot be chan3ed. 'he transponder identit< has to be associated with a specific ite9 ;ia a 4ook6p tab4e. 'his pro;ides a hi3h 4e;e4 of data sec6rit<$ b6t is re4ati;e4< inf4e:ib4e. ORM (+rite *nce Read Man<# transponders can be pro3ra99ed accordin3 to the specifications of the 6ser$ in a process s6bse>6ent to 9an6fact6rin3. *nce it has been encoded$ the data cannot be chan3ed. *nce a3ain this pro;ides a hi3h 4e;e4 of sec6rit<$ and it is 9ore f4e:ib4e than read on4< 9e9or<. R0-1$ ./30 transponders contain 9e9or< that can be 9odified d6rin3 nor9a4 operation. 'hese 6nits are often 6ti4ised in d<na9ic database app4ications

2.1.% RFID TAG AS A RESONANCE CIRC!IT 'he ta3Ls abi4it< to draw ener3< efficient4< fro9 the reader R= fie4d is based on the we447known e4ectrica4 resonance effect. 'he ta3Ls /712,3/;0 ,+24>/7? e4e9ent is an ind6ctor co9prisin3 a p4anar antenna coi4 and an on7chip t6nin3 capacitor$ which are connected to3ether and desi3ned to resonate at a partic64ar reader s<ste9 peratin3 fre>6enc< s6ch as 18.5! M(?.

2.2 RFID READER 'he reader contains a radio fre>6enc< 9od64e (trans9itter and recei;er#$ a si3na4 processin3 and 9icrocontro44er 6nit$ a /712,3/;0 ,+24>/7? e4e9ent (antenna# and the interface (6s6a44< RS7 8 $ RS74"5# to a host s<ste9. 'here are 9an< different kinds of readers on the 9arket$ s6ch as desktop$ hand7he4d$ t6nne4 or 3ateA3antr< st<4e readers. 2(= reader s<ste9s often pro;ide for 964tip4e antennas in di;ersit< confi36rations in order to 9a:i9i?e ta33ed prod6ct ;isibi4it<. B070</3: +< R0-10. -.0

1H (i3h readin3 acc6rac< e;en in dirt< or d6st< en;iron9ents. H =aster ta3 readin3. 8H ,reater work efficienc<. .8 THE HOST SYSTEM
'he host s<ste9 contro4s the data f4ow between the readers and ta3s. )t can be as si9p4e as a persona4 co9p6ter connected to the reader b< an RS7 8 seria4 cab4e. More co9p4e: s<ste9s are possib4e where there are 9an< readers in different 4ocations and data is transferred to host ser;ers thro63h /A0s or e;en o;er the )nternet. S<ste9s inte3rators are specia4i?ed in this kind of s<ste9s desi3n and b6i4din3. 2.% !RE&'E(CY RA($ES Feca6se R=)1 s<ste9s 3enerate and radiate e4ectro9a3netic wa;es$ the< are j6stifiab4< c4assified as radio s<ste9s. 'he f6nction of other radio ser;ices 96st 6nder no circ69stances be disr6pted or i9paired b< the operation of R=)1 s<ste9s. )t is partic64ar4< i9portant to ens6re that R=)1 s<ste9s do not interfere with nearb< radio and te4e;ision$ 9obi4e radio ser;ices (po4ice$ sec6rit< ser;ices$ ind6str<#$ 9arine and aerona6tica4 radio ser;ices and 9obi4e te4ephones.
'he need to e:ercise care with re3ard to other radio ser;ices si3nificant4< restricts the ran3e of s6itab4e operatin3 fre>6encies a;ai4ab4e to an R=)1 s<ste9. =or this reason$ it is 6s6a44< on4< possib4e to 6se fre>6enc< ran3es that ha;e been reser;ed specifica44< for ind6stria4$ scientific or 9edica4 app4ications or for short ran3e de;ices. 'hese are

the fre>6encies c4assified wor4dwide as )SM fre>6enc< ran3es ()nd6stria47Scientific7 Medica4# or SR1 fre>6enc< ran3es$ and the< can a4so be 6sed for R=)1 app4ications. 'he< are 3i;en in the 'ab4e .4.1. A44owed =ie4dstren3th A 'rans9ission .ower C dFNAA9 4 dFNAA9

F.0B207,9 R-7?0 M 185 k(? !.C!5 .. !.CD5 M(? C.400 .. "."00 M(?

C+88073

4ow fre>6enc<$ ind6cti;e co6p4in3 9edi69 fre>6enc< ()SM#$ ind6cti;e co6p4in3 9edi69 fre>6enc<$ 6sed for %AS (e4ectronic artic4e s6r;ei4ance# on4< 9edi69 fre>6enc< (18.5! M(?$ )SM#$ ind6cti;e co6p4in3$ wide spread 6sa3e for contact4ess s9artcards ()S* 14448$ M)=AR%$ /%,)C$ ...#$ s9art4abe4s ()S* 15!D8$ 'a37)t$ )7Code$ ...# and ite9 9ana3e9ent ()S* 1"00078#. 9edi69 fre>6enc< ()SM#$ ind6cti;e co6p4in3$ specia4 app4ications on4< 2(= ()SM#$ backscatter co6p4in3$ rare4< 6sed for R=)1 2(= (SR1#$ backscatter co6p4in3$ new

D dFNAA9

18.558 .. 18.5!C M(?

4 dFNAA9

!.D5C .. C. "8 M(? 488 M(? "!" .. "C0 M(? D0 .. D " M(? .400 .. .4"8 ,(? 5.C 5 .. 5."C5 ,(?

4 dFNAA9 10 .. 100 9+ 500 9+$ %6rope on4< 4 + 7 spread spectr69$ 2SAACanada on4< 4 + 7 spread spectr69$ 2SAACanada on4<$ 500 9+$ %6rope 4 + 2SAACanada$ 500 9+ %6rope

fre>6enc<$ s<ste9s 6nder de;e4ope9ent 2(= (SR1#$ backscatter co6p4in3$ se;era4 s<ste9s S(= ()SM#$ backscatter co6p4in3$ se;era4 s<ste9s$ (;ehic4e identificationG .44! .. .454 ,(?# S(= ()SM#$ backscatter co6p4in3$ rare4< 6sed for R=)1 TABLE 2.4.1 FREC!ENCY RANGES

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF 1%.56 MHD FREC!ENCY

1H H 8H 4H 5H !H CH "H DH 10H 11H 1 H 18H 14H 15H 1!H 1CH 1"H 1DH 0H

=re>6enc< band a;ai4ab4e wor4dwide as an )SM fre>6enc< 2p to 1 9etre readin3 distance in pro:i9it<A;icinit< read ReadA+rite capabi4it< )S* 15!D8 and 14448 standardi?ation for the air interface )S* 1"00078 and (= e.C e9er3in3 standards Rob6st reader7to7ta3 co996nication %:ce44ent i996nit< to en;iron9enta4 noise and e4ectrica4 interference +e447defined ta3 interro3ation ?ones Mini9a4 shie4din3 effects fro9 adjacent objects and the h69an bod< 1a9pin3 effects of water re4ati;e4< s9a44$ fie4d penetrates dense 9ateria4s =reedo9 fro9 en;iron9enta4 ref4ections that can p4a36e 2(= s<ste9s ,ood data transfer rate (i3h c4ock fre>6enc< and s<nchrono6s s6bcarrier *n7chip capacitors for t6nin3 ta3 coi4 are easi4< rea4i?ed 'hin$ f4e:ib4e for9 factors Cheap )Cs$ disposab4e ta3s Cost7effecti;e antenna coi4 9an6fact6rin3 /ow R= power trans9ission so %M radiationAre364ator< restrictions are 0o 6ser 4icences re>6ired for reader s<ste9s .ossib4e to 6se the s<ste9s in ind6stria4 and ha?ardo6s en;iron9ents with

6nprob4e9atic

potentia4 for e:p4osi;e s6bstances in the ;icinit<

2.6 IND!CTIVE CO!PLING

FIG!RE 2.6.1 IND!CTIVE CO!PLING SYSTEM

fie4ds.

'he

operatin3

)nd6cti distance of the s<ste9 which on co6p4in3 isis shown in the fi36re .!.1 based on theis deter9ined b< the si?e of interaction and transponder 9a3netic the 9a3netic fie4ds$ and if a the reader t<pica44< has to be a porta4 of so9e si?e in order to obtain an< appreciab4e between readers9a44 transponder is 6sed$

operatin3 distance. '<pica4 operatin3 distances is in the order of 07 80099. 'he transponder co44ects reader b< a

data carr<in3 de;ice$ 6s6a44< a sin34e 9icrochip and a 4ar3e area coi4 that f6nctions as an antenna. )nd6cti;e4< transponders are co6p4ed a49ost

a4wa<s operated passi;e4<. 'his 9eans that a44 the ener3< needed for the its operation of the 9icrochip reader. =or this p6rpose$ the antenna a stron3$ coi4 hi3h coi4 3enerates

power fro9 the has to be pro;ided b< the 9a3netic fie4d reader@s antenna. *nce fre>6enc< the transponder

e4ectro79a3netic

it is char3ed$ fie4d$ which penetrates the cross7section of the coi4 area and the area aro6nd the coi4.

can trans9it its Feca6se the wa;e4en3th of identit< when the fre>6enc< ran3e 6sed (M the reader fie4d 185 k(?G 400 9$ 18.5! .1 9# is se;era4 is interr6pted M(?G to a44ow the ti9es 3reater than the transponder to distance between the reader@s dischar3e. An antenna and the transponder$ the e4ectro79a3netic fie4d ind6cti;e4< co6p4ed transponder co9prises an 9a< be treated as a si9p4e 9a3netic a4ternatin3 fie4d

of with re3ard to the distance e4ectronic between transponder and antenna .

A s9a44 part of the e9itted fie4d penetrates the antenna coi4 of the transponder$ which is so9e distance awa< fro9 the coi4 of the reader. F< ind6ction$ a ;o4ta3e 2i is 3enerated in the transponder@s antenna coi4. 'his ;o4ta3e is rectified and ser;es as the power s6pp4< for the data carr<in3 de;ice (9icrochip#. A capacitor C1 is connected in para44e4 with the reader@s antenna coi4$ the capacitance of which is se4ected s6ch that it co9bines with the coi4 ind6ctance of the antenna coi4 to for9 a para44e4 resonant circ6it$ with a resonant fre>6enc< that corresponds with the trans9ission fre>6enc< of the reader. &er< hi3h c6rrents are 3enerated in the antenna coi4 of the reader b< resonance step76p in the para44e4 resonant circ6it$ which can be 6sed to 3enerate the re>6ired fie4d stren3ths for the operation of the re9ote transponder.

'he antenna coi4 of the transponder and the capacitor C1 to for9 a resonant circ6it t6ned to the trans9ission fre>6enc< of the reader. 'he ;o4ta3e 2 at the transponder coi4 reaches a 9a:i969 d6e to resonance step76p in the para44e4 resonant circ6it.

FIG!RE 2.6.2 IND!CTIVE CO!PLING

As described in fi36re .!. $ ind6cti;e4< co6p4ed s<ste9s are based 6pon a transfor9er7t<pe co6p4in3 between the pri9ar< coi4 in the reader and the secondar< coi4 in the transponder. 'his is tr6e when the distance between the coi4s does not

e:ceed 0.1! 9$ so that the transponder is 4ocated in the near fie4d of the trans9itter antenna . )f a resonant transponder (i.e. the se4f7resonant fre>6enc< of the transponder corresponds with the trans9ission fre>6enc< of the reader# is p4aced within the 9a3netic a4ternatin3 fie4d of the reader@s antenna$ then this draws ener3< fro9 the 9a3netic fie4d. 'his additiona4 power cons69ption can be 9eas6red as ;o4ta3e drop at the interna4 resistance in the reader antennae thro63h the s6pp4< c6rrent to the reader@s antenna. 'he switchin3 on and off of a 4oad resistance at the transponder@s antenna therefore effects ;o4ta3e chan3es at the reader@s antenna and th6s has the effect of an a9p4it6de 9od64ation of the antenna ;o4ta3e b< the re9ote transponder. )f the switchin3 on and off of the 4oad resistor is contro44ed b< data$ then this data can be transferred fro9 the transponder to the reader. 'his t<pe of data transfer is ca44ed 4oad 9od64ation.'o rec4ai9 the data in the reader$ the ;o4ta3e 9eas6red at the reader@s antenna is rectified. 'his represents the de9od64ation of an a9p4it6de 9od64ated si3na4. /ow7fre>6enc< (/=G 1 5 7 184. k(? and 140 7 14".5 k(?# and hi3h7 fre>6enc< ((=G 18.5! M(?# R=)1 ta3s can be 6sed 34oba44< witho6t a 4icense. 24tra7hi3h7fre>6enc< (2(=G "!" M(?7D " M(?# cannot be 6sed 34oba44< as there is no sin34e 34oba4 standard. 'hese fre>6encies are known as the )SM bands ()nd6stria4 Medica4 Scientific#. 'he ret6rn si3na4 of the ta3 9a< sti44 ca6se interference for other radio 6sers

.C STANDARDS IN RFID TECHNOLOGY 1H )S* 11C"4 O 11C"5 7 'hese standards re364ate the Radio fre>6enc<
identification of ani9a4s in re3ards to Code Str6ct6re and 'echnica4 concept

H )S* 14 8A1 7 Radio fre>6enc< identification of Ani9a4s$ ad;anced

transponders 7 Air interface

8H )S* 1058! 4H )S* 14448 5H )S* 15!D8 !H )S* 1"000 CH %.C34oba4 7 this is the standardi?ation fra9ework that is 9ost 4ike4< to 6nder3o
)nternationa4 Standardisation accordin3 to )S* r64es as with a44 so6nd

standards in the wor4d$ 6n4ess residin3 with 4i9ited scope$ as c6sto9s re364ations$ air7 traffic re364ations and others. C6rrent4< the bi3 distrib6tors and 3o;ern9enta4 c6sto9ers are p6shin3 %.C hea;i4< as a standard we44 accepted in their co996nit<$ b6t not <et re3arded as for sa4;ation to the rest of the wor4d.

2.8 PIN CONFIG!RATION FOR R M600 PINE 1P! D 10 11 1 18 14 15 1! 1C 1"P 5 ! C " 5 ! C " NAME .)* 0PC 1*1 1* .)* " .)* D )RB ,01 &CC 'Q1 RQ1 0C R=RRQ R=R,01 R=R'Q .)* 4 .)* 5 .)* ! .)* C )np6t *6tp6t *6tp6t *6tp6t *6tp6t *6tp6t *6tp6t IFO TYPE )A* *6tp6t *6tp6t )A* )A* )np6t )np6t )np6t *6tp6t )np6t DESCRIPTION .ro3ra99ab4e )A* 0PC 1i3ita4 *6tp6t 1 1i3ita4 *6tp6t .ro3ra99ab4e )A* " .ro3ra99ab4e )A* D )nterr6pt Re>6est .ower ,ro6nd .ower )np6t 5&1C Seria4 *6tp6t (2AR' ''/# Seria4 )np6t (2AR' ''/# 0o Connection R= Antenna )np6t R= Antenna ,ro6nd R= Antenna *6tp6t F6??er ,reen /%1 Red /%1 *ran3e /%1

TABLE 2.8.1 PIN CONFIC!RATION

2.@ HARD ARE DESCRIPTION 'he hardware consists of the fo44owin3 co9ponentsG

1< )C R+M!00 < 18.5! M(? Antenna 8< 18.5! M(? =i4ter 4< /%1s 5< F6??er !< =e9a4e connector C< 1C .ower Sack

FIG!RE 2.8.1 RF ANTENNA CIRC!IT

)C R+M!00 is a Read7+rite Mod64e 6sed to read the R=)1 data fro9 the R=)1 'a3 thro63h the R= antenna. 18.5! M(? Antenna is 6sed as shown in the fi36re .".1 beca6se of the ad;anta3es 3i;en in section .5 . A fi4ter is 6sed to t6ne to that partic64ar fre>6enc<. 'hree /%1s are 6sed. 'he oran3e /%1 34ows when the power is *0. 'he 3reen /%1 34ows when e;er there is a data transfer fro9 the R=)1 'a3 to the R=)1 Reader. 'he red /%1 34ows when there is an error in the data transfer. 'he b6??er so6nds if the data transfer is s6ccessf64. 'he fe9a4e connector is 6sed to transfer the data fro9 the Reader to the (ost s<ste9 thro63h the seria4 port. 'he 1C .ower Sack is 6sed to s6pp4< the re>6ired 5& 1C power to the )C. 'he o;era44 circ6it dia3ra9 is shown in the fi36re .". .

FIG!RE 2.8.2 OVERALL CIRC!IT DIAGRAM

%. APPLICATION IN LIBRARY SERVICES

)n 4ibrar< operation R=)1 techno4o3< can be 6sed in 4ibrar< ad9inistration s6ch as transaction of booksAjo6rna4s$ book sortin3$ sec6rit< 3ates etc. +e are 6sin3 this techno4o3< in 4ibrar< ser;ices 4ike borrow$ ret6rn and renewa4 b< ta33in3 the 4ibrar< books. 'his app4ication has been de;e4oped 6sin3 ('M/$ Sa;a$ SS.$ S1FC and MS7ACC%SS. HTML ('M/ is the acron<9 for (Y.%R '%Q' MAR52. /A0,2A,%. (t94 is not a proced6ra4 4an36a3e 4ike C$ =ortran$ C*F*/ or .asca4. Rather it is a 9ark6p 4an36a3e for identif<in3 the e4e9ents of a pa3e so that a browser$ s6ch as MicrosoftLs )nternet e:p4orer or 0etscapeLs na;i3ator can render the pa3e on <o6r co9p6ter screen. 'he (' in ('M/ stands for (<per 'e:t. 'he (<per 'e:t is a s<ste9 of 4inkin3 doc69ents to3ether with h<per 4inks that the reader can c4ick to na;i3ate fro9 one doc69ent to another. 'hese 4inks are what that 9akes web so 6sef64. %ach of these 4inks point to a 2nifor9 Reso6rce /ocator (2R/#$ which pro;ides the direction how to 3et fro9 one pa3e to another. 'he 2R/ of pa3e is it address on the web. 'he 2R/ inc46des a44 the infor9ationLs that the browser needs to find the pa3e$ or other reso6rces s6ch as 3raphics$ 964ti9edia and so on. 'he M/ in ('M/ stands for Mark6p /an36a3e. 'he Mark /an36a3e is a co44ection of s<9bo4s often ca44ed ta3s that are inserted with in a doc69ent to define the wa< the doc69ent to 4ook when printed are disp4a<ed$ for e.3. one ta3 9akes te:t to print bo4d. Another ta3 9akes i9a3es appear on the pa3e. 'he ke< to create 3ood 4ookin3 ('M/ pa3es is 4earnin3 the ta3s 6sed to 9ark6p$ or b6i4d the str6ct6re of the pa3e. 'he set of 4o3ica4 codes in ('M/ are enc4osed b< 4ess than M- and 3reater than T- brackets. 'hese bracketed codes of the 9ark6p are co99on4< referred to as ta3s. ('M/ codes are a4wa<s enc4osed between brackets and are not case sensiti;e. Most e4e9ents ha;e an openin3 e4e9ent (ta3# and a c4osin3 e4e9ent (ta3# distin36ished b< the A- inside the M- openin3 bracket. %;er< ('M/ doc69ent be3ins with an M('M/T ta3. ('M/ doc69ents are te:t fi4es 9ade 6p of e4e9ents. 'he first word or the character that appears inside the M- openin3 bracket is ca44ed the e4e9ent. An e4e9ent is a co99and that te44s browser to do so9ethin3$ s6ch as =*0'. +ords that fo44ow the e4e9ent and that are contained inside the T- bracket of the openin3 ta3 are ca44ed attrib6tes. An attrib6te

describes the properties of e4e9ents. 'he attrib6tes are assi3ned so9e ;a46e that care contained in >6otes. )n o6r app4ication ('M/ is 6sed for desi3nin3 the pa3es s6ch as 4o3in and error pa3es. JAVA Sa;a 7 a pro3ra99in3 4an36a3e$ de;e4oped b< S6n Micros<ste9s$ which is desi3ned to be r6n on an< t<pe of operatin3 s<ste9. App4ications de;e4oped in Sa;a are U+ritten once$ r6n an<whereU. 1efinin3 Sa;a is not eas< beca6se it is act6a44< 9an< thin3s. Accordin3 to the S6n white paper on Sa;a$ USa;a is a si9p4e$ object7oriented$ distrib6ted$ interpreted$ rob6st$ sec6re$ architect6re ne6tra4$ portab4e$ hi3h7perfor9ance$ 964tithreaded$ and d<na9ic 4an36a3e.U (owe;er$ Sa;a is 9ore than j6st another pro3ra99in3 4an36a3e. )t is both a 4an36a3e and a p4atfor9 for de;e4opin3 app4ications to r6n on the )nternet or in corporate intranet en;iron9ents. 'he raise of ser;er7side Sa;a app4ications is one of the 4atest and 9ost e:citin3 trends in Sa;a .ro3ra99in3. 'he ja;a 4an36a3e was ori3ina44< intended for 6se in s9a44$ e9bedded de;ice. )t was h<ped as a 4an36a3e for de;e4opin3 e4aborate c4ient7 side web content in the for9 of app4ets. 2nti4 recent4<$ ja;aLs potentia4 as a ser;er7 side de;e4op9ent had been sad4< o;er4ooked. 0ow ja;a is co9in3 into its own as a 4an36a3e idea44< for ser;er7side de;e4op9ent. F6siness in partic64ar has been >6ick to reco3ni?e ja;aLs potentia4 on the ser;er7ja;a is inherent4< s6ited for 4ar3e c4ientAser;er app4ication. Sa;aLs 9odern object7oriented Me9or<7protected desi3n a44ows de;e4oper to c6t de;e4op9ent c<c4es and increase re4iabi4it<. )n o6r app4ication Sa;a code is 6sed for the interface pro3ra9 to 3et the R=)1 data in b<tes fro9 the Reader thro63h the seria4 port$ con;ert it to he:a7 deci9a4 data and 6pdate in the database. JSP SS. techno4o3< is an open$ cross7p4atfor9 architect6re$ +eb ser;ers$ p4atfor9s$ and other co9ponents can be easi4< 6p3raded or switched witho6t affectin3 SS.7based app4ications. 'his 9akes SS. s6itab4e for rea47wor4d +eb app4ications$ where constant chan3e and 3rowth is the nor9.

A SS. fi4e7which has fi4e e:tension. Ssp 7contains ('M/ and scriptin3 codes. A4tho63h other 4an36a3es s6ch as &FScript can be 6sed for SS.. Sa;aScript is a defacto 4an36a3e for SS. scriptin3. SS. is a de;e4oped techno4o3< for sendin3 d<na9ic web contents Vwhich inc46des ('M/$ 1('M/$ C4ients side scripts and Sa;a app4ets to the c4ient$ scriptin3 an< instr6ctions pro;ided in SS. to 9odif< the pa3e. +hen a c4ient sends a (''. re>6est to the ser;er$ the ser;er recei;es the re>6est and directs it to be processed b< an appropriate Sa;a Se;er .a3e. 'he Sa;a Se;er .a3e does it processin3 then ret6rns to the c4ient7nor9a44< in the for9 ('M/ doc69ents to disp4a< in a browser$ b6t other data for9ats$ s6ch as i9a3es and binar< data$ can be written.
'he two 9ost co99on (''. re>6est t<pes are ,%' and .*S'.A ,%' re>6est 3ets infor9ation fro9 the ser;er. Co99on 6ses of ,%' re>6est are to retrie;e a ('M/ doc69ent or an i9a3e. A .*S' re>6est posts data to the ser;er. Co99on 6ses of .*S' re>6est are to send to the ser;er infor9ation so it can search the )nternet or >6er< a database for a c4ient$ to send a6thentication infor9ation to the ser;er.

)n o6r app4ication$ SS. code is 6sed to retrie;e the data fro9 the ('M/ pa3e for processin3 or 6pdatin3 the database. JDBC S1FC stands for ja;a database connecti;it<. S1FC is a standard database access interface pro;idin3 6nifor9 access to a wide ran3e of re4ationa4 database. 'he feat6re enab4es ja;a to be 6ni>6e4< s6itab4e for network access to a ;ariet< of database. Since ja;a is a p4atfor97independent 4an36a3e$ app4ication can be de;e4oped that are independent of a partic64ar database ;endor. )t is a set of Sa;a A.)s 6sed for e:ec6tin3 the >6eries. 'his A.) consists of a set of c4asses and interfaces to enab4e pro3ra99ers to write p6re Sa;a 1atabase app4ications. S1FC is a software 4a<er that a44ows the de;e4opers to write rea4 c4ient7 ser;er projects in Sa;a. S1FC A.) (App4ication .ro3ra99in3 )nterfaces# defines how an app4ication opens a connection$ co996nicates with a database$ e:ec6tes the >6eries and retrie;es >6er< res64ts. )n o6r app4ication$ S1FC is 6sed to connect the database with the ja;a code and to e:ec6te the SB/ >6eries.

MS $ ACCESS Microsoft Access is a powerf64 pro3ra9 to create and 9ana3e <o6r databases. )t has 9an< b6i4t in feat6res to assist <o6 in constr6ctin3 and ;iewin3 <o6r infor9ation. Access is 96ch 9ore in;o4;ed and is a 9ore 3en6ine database app4ication than other pro3ra9s s6ch as Microsoft +orks. Microsoft Access pro;ides 6sers with one of the si9p4est and 9ost f4e:ib4e 1FMS so46tions on the 9arket toda<. Re364ar 6sers of Microsoft prod6cts wi44 enjo< the fa9i4iar +indows 4ook and fee4- as we44 as the ti3ht inte3ration with other Microsoft *ffice fa9i4< prod6cts. Access is a 9eans that it wi44 not on4< store <o6r infor9ation$ b6t a4so s6pp4< 6s with the 9eans to 9ana3e this infor9ation (b< sortin3$ searchin3$ e:tractin3$ s699ari?in3 and so on#. Access databases consist not on4< of the basic data b6t a4so of re4ated ite9s we 6se to work with the data. %ach Access database can contain si: different t<pes of objectsG tab4es$ >6eries$ for9s$ reports$ 9acros and 9od64es. )nfor9ation is stored in an object ca44ed tab4e. 'ab4es are rectan364ar arran3e9ents of rows and co469ns$ where each co469n represents a fie4d and each row represents a record. B6eries are >6estions that we ask for the data that we ha;e stored .'o 9ake the 6n34a9oro6s task of data entr< easier$ <o6 can create Access database objects ca44ed for9s. 'he< pro;ide <o6 with a c6sto9i?ab4e te9p4ate that we can fi44 in whene;er <o6 want to enter a record. Reports 9ake <o6r data 9ore pa4atab4e for others to read i.e.$ the< 4et we define how <o6 want <o6r data to appear on the printed pa3e. Yo6 can a4so add <o6r own te:t and 3raphics. 'he Macro feat6re of Access can be 6sed to enco9pass se;era4 actions within a sin34e co99and. Macros are hand< for a6to9atin3 short and si9p4e tasks. Microsoft Access (6s6a44< abbre;iated as MS Access# is an eas<7to76se pro3ra9 for creatin3 and 9aintainin3 databases. +eb hosts 6sin3 the 0' hostin3 p4atfor9 often s6pport the Access database dri;er for on4ine databases. )n o6r app4ication we ha;e 6sed MS7ACC%SS as database to store the book and the st6dent detai4s. 'he< 3et 6pdated whene;er a st6dent borrow$ ret6rn or renew a book.

4. INTERFACING PROGRAM 'he fo44owin3 is the 4.+?.-8 3+ ,+7;0.3 G930: .03./0;01 <.+8 3*0 .0-10. to the host s<ste9 thro63h the seria4 port /73+ *0H-$10,/8-> 728G0.. p6b4ic c4ass (e:CodeW
pri;ate static fina4 charXY k1i3itsIW @0@$@1@$@ @$@8@$@4@$@5@$@ !@$@C@$@"@$@D@$ @a@$@b@$@c@$@d@$@e@$@f@

ZK p6b4ic static charXY b<tes'o(e:(b<teXY raw# W int 4en3thsI raw.4en3thK

charXY he:I new charX4en3ths[ YK for(int iI0KiM4en3thsKi\\#

W
int ;a46eI(rawXiY\ 5!#] 5!K int hi3h)nde:I;a46eTT4K int 4ow)nde:I;a46eO0:0fK he:Xi[ \0YIk1i3itsXhi3h)nde:YK he:Xi[ \1YIk1i3itsX4ow)nde:YK

Z ret6rn he:K Z p6b4ic static b<teXY he:'oF<tes(charXYhe:# W

int 4en3thIhe:.4en3thA K b<teXY rawInew b<teX4en3thYK for(int iI0KiM4en3thKi\\#

W
int hi3hICharacter.di3it(he:Xi[ Y$1!#K int 4owICharacter.di3it(he:Xi[ \1Y$1!#K int ;a46eI(hi3hMM4#^4owK if(;a46eT1 C#;a46e7I 5!K rawXiYI(b<te#;a46eK

Z ret6rn rawK Z p6b4ic static b<teXY he:'oF<tes(Strin3 he:# W ret6rn he:'oF<tes(he:.toCharArra<(##K Z Z 'he fo44owin3 is the 4.+?.-8 3+ .03./0;0 3*0 RFID 1-3- in b<tes fro9 the R=)1 reader 3*.+2?* 3*0 :0./-> 4+.3.
i9port ja;a.io.[K i9port ja;a.6ti4.[K i9port ja;a:.co99.[K

p6b4ic c4ass ta3Reader i9p4e9ents R6nnab4e$ Seria4.ort%;ent/istener W static Co99.ort)dentifier port)dK static %n69eration port/istK

)np6tStrea9 inp6tStrea9K Seria4.ort seria4.ortK 'hread read'hreadK int n69F<tesK p6b4ic int jI1K

p6b4ic static ;oid 9ain(Strin3XY ar3s# W

port/ist I Co99.ort)dentifier.3et.ort)dentifiers(#K whi4e (port/ist.hasMore%4e9ents(## W

port)d I (Co99.ort)dentifier# port/ist.ne:t%4e9ent(#K if (port)d.3et.ort'<pe(# II Co99.ort)dentifier..*R'RS%R)A/# W

if (port)d.3et0a9e(#.e>6a4s(UC*M1U## W S<ste9.o6t.print4n(U.ort )dentifiedU#K ta3Reader reader I new ta3Reader(#K Z Z Z Z p6b4ic ta3Reader(# W tr< W seria4.ort I (Seria4.ort# port)d.open(USi9p4eReadAppU$ 000#K Z catch (.ort)n2se%:ception e# WZ tr< W inp6tStrea9 I seria4.ort.3et)np6tStrea9(#K Z catch ()*%:ception e# W S<ste9.o6t.print4n(UStrea9U\e#K Z tr< W seria4.ort.add%;ent/istener(this#K Z catch ('ooMan</isteners%:ception e# WZ seria4.ort.notif<*n1ataA;ai4ab4e(tr6e#K tr <

W
seria4.ort.setSeria4.ort.ara9s( 400$ Seria4.ort.1A'AF)'SR"$ Seria4.ort.S'*.F)'SR1$ Seria4.ort..AR)'YR0*0%#K

Z catch (2ns6pportedCo99*peration%:ception e# WZ
read'hread I new 'hread(this#K read'hread.start(#K

Z p6b4ic ;oid r6n(# W tr< W 'hread.s4eep( 00#K Z catch ()nterr6pted%:ception e# WZ Z p6b4ic ;oid seria4%;ent(Seria4.ort%;ent e;ent# W switch(e;ent.3et%;ent'<pe(## W
case case case case case Seria4.ort%;ent.F)GWbreakKZ Seria4.ort%;ent.*%GWbreakKZ Seria4.ort%;ent.=%GWbreakKZ Seria4.ort%;ent..%GWbreakKZ Seria4.ort%;ent.C1GWbreakKZ

case Seria4.ort%;ent.C'SGWbreakKZ case Seria4.ort%;ent.1SRGWbreakKZ case Seria4.ort%;ent.R)GWbreakKZ

case Seria4.ort%;ent.*2'.2'RF2==%RR%M.'YG

breakK
case Seria4.ort%;ent.1A'ARA&A)/AF/%G b<teXY readF6ffer I new b<teX"YK

Strin3 s I UUK
charXY ss I new charX5YK b<te b1XY I new b<teX!0YK intXY ;a4 I new intX 0YK

int kI0K tr< W whi4e (inp6tStrea9.a;ai4ab4e(# T 0# W

n69F<tes I inp6tStrea9.read(readF6ffer#K AAS<ste9.o6t.print4n(n69F<tes#K AAS<ste9.o6t.print4n(readF6ffer#K ss I (e:Code.b<tes'o(e:(readF6ffer#K AAS<ste9.o6t.print4n(ss#K

if(jII # W for(int 49I0K49Mss.4en3thK49\\# W

;a4X49Y I ssX49YK AAS<ste9.o6t.print4n(Uasdfsafd

U\ssX49Y#K Z int jj I ;a4X YK tr< W

new inter(jj#K Z

catch(%:ception e# WZ AAS<ste9.o6t.print4n(;a4X Y#K Z e4se if(jII8# W jI1K contin6eK Z j\\K Z Z catch ()*%:ception e# WZ breakK Z Z Z 'he fo44owin3 is the 4.+?.-8 3+ 241-30 3*0 RFID *0H-$10,/8-> 1-3- retrie;ed fro9 the ta3 thro63h the seria4 port$ /7 3*0 1-3-G-:0.
i9port ja;a.io.[K i9port ja;a.s>4.[K c4ass inter

W AAp6b4ic static ;oid 9ain(Strin3XY ar3s# inter(int aa# W

1AS<ste9.o6t.print4n(U%nter the book)dGU#K A

F6fferedReader brInew F6fferedReader(new )np6tStrea9Reader(S<ste9.in##K

8AStrin3 Fook)dIbr.read/ine(#K
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C6rrent4<$ R=)1 techno4o3< is sti44 too e:pensi;e to be 6sed b< retai4ers en 9asse. 'he cost per e4ectronic ta3 now stands at abo6t 80 cents apiece$ b6t is e:pected to fa44 to as 4itt4e as three cents in the ne:t three <ears. *ther proposed 6ses of R=)1 techno4o3< inc46de 'rackin3 appare4$ 'rackin3 cons69er packa3ed 3oods $ 'rackin3 tires$ 'rackin3 c6rrenc<$ 'rackin3 patients and personne4$ .a<9ent s<ste9s. 'his 4ibrar< app4ication can be e:tended to sec6rit< of the 4ibrar< 6sin3 'heft 1etection .edesta4s. R=)1 has been co9pared to other techno4o3ies$ s6ch as the .ersona4 Co9p6ter (.C#$ the )nternet and the ce44 phone. )t wi44 not on4< chan3e the wa< we do b6siness b6t a4so the wa< peop4e interact with b6siness. +ith the initiati;es and 9andates to i9p4e9ent R=)1 in s6pp4< chain and distrib6tion$ the e:pos6re 3i;en to these initiati;es in this ind6str< often o;er shadows a44 the other 6ses for R=)1 in other ind6stries.
Aside fro9 s6pp4< chain$ R=)1 is bein3 i9p4e9ented and chan3in3 the wa< b6sinesses operate fro9 9an6fact6rin3 to retai4. So9e of the 4atest app4ications for

R=)1 inc46de the identification of assets and peop4e$ inc46din3 addin3 a sec6rit< feat6re in the new passports$ as we44 as enhancin3 sec6rit< in 6ni>6e app4ications s6ch as airports. (owe;er acceptance and dep4o<9ent 3reat4< re4ies on internationa4 standards.

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