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ArcView Steps ................................................................................................................ 26 Step 1 GeoProcessing - Dissolve .............................................................................. 26 Step 2 GeoProcessing - Merge ................................................................................. 27 Step 3 GeoProcessing - Clip ..................................................................................... 27 Step 4 GeoProcessing - Intersect.............................................................................. 28 Step 5 GeoProcessing - Union .................................................................................. 29 Step 6 GeoProcessing - Spatial Join ......................................................................... 30 Step 7 Spatial Analyst - Find Distance ...................................................................... 30 Step 8 Spatial Analyst - Assign Proximity.................................................................. 31 Step 9 Spatial Analyst - Density ................................................................................ 31 Step 10 Spatial Analyst - Summarise Zones ............................................................. 32 Step 11 Spatial Analyst - Reclassify .......................................................................... 32 Step 12 Spatial Analyst - Map Calculator .................................................................. 33 Step 13 Spatial Analyst - Map Query ........................................................................ 33 In this practical you will discover how to manipulate your spatial data through the use of the GeoProcessing wizard; as well as exploring the main functionality of the 'Spatial Analyst' extension. Firstly, you will need to start ArcView, start a new project, add a view and set the working directory (to 'c:\temp').
ArcView Steps
Step 1 GeoProcessing - Dissolve
We need to load the GeoProcessing extension - go to the 'File' menu and then 'Extensions'. Put a tick in the box corresponding to 'GeoProcessing' and then click on 'OK'. We mw require some sample dala to experiment with. Add the following theme from the directory 'c:\arcv32\arcview\esridata\usa\ ': 'counties.shp '. You may wish to hide the legend within the view (with the relevant theme active, go to the 'Theme' menu and select 'Hide/show Legend'. We are now going to aggregate the counties boundaries into states. This can be achieved because each county has a corresponding state name within the attribute table. Go to the 'GeoProcessing Wizard' within the 'View' menu. Because we've presently only got one theme open all but the dissolve GeoProcessing option are currently unavailable. Click on the 'Next' burton and then dissolve using the attribute of 'State name'. Save the theme to the following location: 'c:\temp\us state.;' (as seen below), and then click on the 'Next' button. We can now choose the attribute data we wish to keep -highlight 'Area by sum' and finally click on the 'Finish' button. You should mw have a theme that contains the US state boundaries.
Once you are finished dick on 'OK'. This will only save the attribute tables as we see them; the flies themselves are still really entitled using the original tags. To overcome this we need to dose the table and then select 'Convert to Shapefile' under the 'Theme' menu. Save your theme as c:\Itemp\us_states2'. We can now discard the old flies, to do this make both the 'us_states' and 'counties.shp' active (you can select multiple themes by holding down the shift button when activating your themes), go to the 'Edit' menu and select 'Delete Themes'. Open the Canadian Provinces theme c:\arcv32\arcview\esridata\canada\province.shp', go to the Geoprocessing wizard (under the 'View' menu) and select 'merge'. Highlight the required themes and select the options as illustrated below:
You should now have both the US states and Canadian Provinces in the same theme. Examine the new theme using the 'identify' tool tool only works for the active theme. .Remember that the identity
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Go to the GeoProcessing Wizard and select' Clip one theme based on another' and clip the river theme based on the extent of the selected features within the US states theme - as demonstrated below:
A new theme will be created containing only the rivers from the selected four states. We can now delete the un-required themes (River_Sample.shp, N_America.shp & Province.shp). To do this, make the themes active and select 'Delete Themes' from the 'Edit' menu.
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Notice how we now have both boundaries combined for the selected states as illustrated in the figure below. Once finished you can delete the following themes: 'adi.shp' and 'Adi_States.shp'.
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You can now delete both the 'lakes. slip' and ' lake union. slip, themes.
descending ( . Now select the first ten records by clicking on them while holding the shift key remember they should turn yellow to indicate they are selected. Close the table to return to the view. Go to the 'Analysis' menu and select 'Find Distance' - enter the grid extent to be the same as that of the 'US-states2.shp' theme. Now we are required to inform Arcview of the grid resolution we require - obviously a greater resolution will be more accurate but will incur longer calculation times. Enter the number of rows to be 200 and press return - the grid cell size and the number of columns should be automatically re-calculated. The resulting raster grid should resemble the following:
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Each cell now represents the distance from the nearest of the ten selected cities, in miles. Now repeat the process for the 'rivers.shp' theme, using a grid extent to be the same as that ofthe 'US-states2.shp' theme and the number of rows to equal 200. Your results should be as follows:
It is often useful to convert the proximity from its original grid format to vector polygons. If you require this you should convert the theme into a shapefile ('Convert to shapefile' under the 'Theme' menu).
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Your result should resemble that illustrated those over the page:
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Now repeat the process for the 'Distance from rivers' grid, but reverse the rating given for the new values (i.e. 0 - 0.5 = 9 and 10 - 100 = 1). By assigning distances close to rivers with a high rating we are indicating that these sites are undesirable locations. Your resulting grid should look like the one below:
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You can now close ArcView. There is no need to save any files - they are no longer required. All files should have been saved to the temp directory and as such will automatically be deleted when the computer is re-started.
Last modified: Oct 25, 2009 ERS 120: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems /
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