Mechanical separations:

separation process is used to transform a mixture

of substances into two or more distinct products. The
separated products could differ in chemical
properties or some physical property, such as size, or
crystal modification or other separation into different
components.
Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms or moleules
on the surface of a material. This process creates a
film of the adsorbate (the molecules or atoms being
accumulated) on the adsorbent's surface

Chromatography (from Greek χρώμα:chroma, color and

γραφειν:graphein to write) is the collective
term for a set of laboratory techniques for the
separation of mixtures. It involves passing a
mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through
a stationary phase, which separates the
analyte to be measured from other molecules
in the mixture based on differential partitioning
between the mobile and stationary phases.
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals
precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a
gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in
which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid
crystalline phase occurs.

Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in

a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical
separation process, and not a chemical reaction.

Evaporation is the vaporization of a liquid and the reverse of condensation. A type of

phase transition, it is the process by which molecules in a liquid state (e.g.
water) spontaneously become gaseous (e.g. water vapor).
Leaching is the process of extracting minerals from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid,
either in nature or through an industrial process

Flocculation is, in the field of chemistry, a process where colloids come out of suspension
in the form of floc or flakes. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior
to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually
dissolved in a solution

Magnetic separation is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted

from a mixture using a magnetic force. This separation technique can be
useful in mining iron as it is attracted to a magn

Gravity separation is an industrial method of separating two components from a

suspension or any other homogeneous mixture where separating the
components with gravity is sufficiently practical.

Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction. When

the reaction occurs, the solid formed is called the precipitate

Sublimation of an element or compound is a transition from the solid to gas phase with
no intermediate liquid stage
Sieving is a simple and convenient method of separating particles of different sizes.
A small sieve such as is used for sieving flour has very small holes which
allow only very fine flour particles to pass through them

Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension or molecules in solution to

settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a
wall. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the forces
acting on them: these forces can be due to gravity, centrifugal acceleration
or electromagnetism.