CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

Joints in concrete building construction are construction joints, expansion joints (movement joints) contraction joints and isolation joints. They prevent cracking of concrete. Safely absorb the heat induced expansion and contraction of various construction materials It absorbs vibration, holds certain parts together, Allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes. Commonly found between sections of buildings , bridges, sidewalks, railway tracks, & other structures.

1)EXPANSION JOINTS
The concrete is subjected to volume change due to many reasons. So we have to cater for this by way of joint to relieve the stress. Expansion is a function of length. The building longer than 45m are generally provided with one or more expansion joint. In india recommended c/c spacing is 30m. The joints are formed by providing a gap between the building parts.

EXPANSION JOINTS
Is basically controlling the slenderness ration of the shape/ form It can be vertical or horizontal Ex. Rcc column L/d= Slenderness ratio (L=effective length and d=least lateral dim.) 12< SR (slender col.) 12> SR ( short col.) Expantion joint are given @ 30-40 M. interval Construction Joint---when vast area of conc. Is done in phases Extension Joint---when construction is done phases over longer time period/ gaps

EXPANSION JOINTS
Tounge and groove joint Filling should take the compression. 40-50 mm wide gap Filling material= PVC, thrmocol , Dowel bars to embed in other wall It gives continuty of the surface

EXPANSION JOINTS
Floor Conditions
Since building expansion joints are designed to isolate sections of a building, they inevitably cut through floors. Copper and copper alloys can be used in floor expansion joints in two ways: as trim and cover plates, or to prevent the flow of water through the expansion space. Copper waterstops are used to prevent the flow of water. They run continuously from one end of the building to the other. Adjacent waterstops are joined with 3/4" soldered lap joints. Water stops are designed to accommodate movement by flexing. The recommended minimum weight for c opper waterstops is 16 oz. As cover plates are not required to stop the flow of water, their technical requirements are not as strict. The main criteria is that the material used must be strong enough to bridge the expansion space under given loads. Brass and bronze are used to provide the required strength.

EXPANSION JOINTS
A. Building Expansion Joint at Concrete Floor This detail shows a continuous cast-in-place copper waterstop bridging the space between concrete floor slabs. The detail also shows the use of brass or bronze cover plates. An insert is cast into the edge of each floor. The actual cover plates are then attached to one side of the insert and allowed to slide freely over the other side. This is also true for cover plates in the ceiling, as shown.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
C. Building Expansion Joint at Concrete Garage Floor Slab Exterior concrete structures, such as garages, are exposed to a much greater volume of water. It is often impossible or impractical to completely prevent water from getting through an expansion joint. Under these circumstances, a copper gutter can be used to catch the water and direct it to a drain or spill. The gutter is supported by copper or bronze lock strips that allow it to accommodate expansion and contraction movement. above.

2) CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

They must be designed in order to allow displacements between both sides of the slab but, at the same time, they have to transfer flexural stresses produced in the slab by external loads. Construction joints must allow horizontal displacement right-angled to the joint surface that is normally caused by thermal and shrinkage movement. Tappered @ 45 degrees

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Construction joints are placed in a concrete slab to define the extent of the individual placements, Construction joints are placed as per the predetermined joint layout. They must be designed in order to allow displacements between both sides of the slab but, at the same time, they have to transfer flexural stresses produced in the slab by external loads. Construction joints must allow horizontal displacement right-angled to the joint surface that is normally caused by thermal and shrinkage movement. At the same time they must not allow vertical or rotational displacements

3) CONTRACTION JOINTS
A contraction joint is a sawed, formed, or tooled groove in a concrete slab that creates a weakened vertical plane. It regulates the location of the cracking caused by dimensional changes in the slab. Unregulated cracks can grow and result in an unacceptably rough surface as well as water infiltration into the base, subbase and subgrade, which can enable other types of pavement distress. Contraction joints are the most common type of joint in concrete pavements, Contraction joints are chiefly defined by their spacing and their method of load transfer. They are generally between 1/4 1/3 the depth of the slab and typically spaced every 3.1 15 m

4) ISOLATION JOINTS
Joints that isolate the slab from a wall, column or drainpipe Isolation joints have one very simple purposethey completely isolate the slab from something else. That something else can be a wall or a column or a drain pipe. Walls and columns, which are on their own footings that are deeper than the slab subgrade, are not going to move the same way a slab does as it shrinks or expands from drying or temperature changes or as the subgrade compresses a little. Isolation joints are formed by placing preformed joint material next to the column or wall or standpipe prior to pouring the slab. Isolation joint material is typically asphalt-impregnated fiberboard, although plastic, cork, rubber, and neoprene are also available.