A standardised set of 260 pictures for Turkish: Norms of

name and image agreement, age of acquisition, visual

complexity and conceptual familiarity

Behavior Research Methods

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Journal:

Manuscript ID:
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Complete List of Authors:

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Raman, Ilhan; Middlesex University, Psychology

Raman, Evren; Middlesex University, Psychology; Eastern Mediterranean
University, Psychology
Mertan, Biran; Eastern Mediterranean University, Psychology

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A standardised set of 260 pictures for Turkish: Norms of name and image agreement, age
of acquisition, visual complexity and conceptual familiarity

Ilhan Raman1, Evren Raman1,2 and Biran Mertan2

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Middlesex University, UK; 2 Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus

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Corresponding author: Ilhan Raman, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University,

The Burroughs, The Town Hall, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK

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Key words: Turkish, colour picture norms, name and image agreement, age of acquisition,
visual complexity and conceptual familiarity,

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Running head: Turkish picture norms

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Abstract
In the present study, normative data are presented for the 260 colour picture set of the
original Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) cohort in Turkish for the first time. Norms are
reported for name and image agreement, age of acquisition (AoA), visual complexity and
conceptual familiarity together with written word frequency, number of letters and
syllables. We collected data from 243 native Turkish adults in a variety of tasks. Results
indicate that whilst several measures display language-specific variation, we also report

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language independent, i.e. universal, measures that show a systematic relationship across
several languages. The implication of the reported measures in the domain of
psycholinguistic research in Turkish and wider cross-linguistic comparisons are discussed.

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Introduction
Much effort has been put into research in understanding the psycholinguistic factors
that influence naming latencies (RTs) of words, objects and pictures in various tasks. It has
become increasingly essential to establish word and picture norms in Turkish as empirical
investigations on lexical processing have thus far been limited in this language. For
example, picture naming is reported to be affected by name and image agreement, age of
acquisition (AoA), conceptual familiarity, and imageability (e.g. Barry, Morrison & Ellis,

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1997; Cuetos, Alvarez & Ellis, 1999; Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980). Since their
publication, the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) 260 black and white line drawings drew
unprecedented attention and have been extensively used in object naming and recognition

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tasks not only in English (e.g. Barry et al., 1997) but in many languages such as Spanish
(Sanfeli & Fernandez, 1996; Cuetos, Ellis & Alvarez, 1999); French (Alario & Ferrand,

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1999; Bonin, Peereman, Malardier, Mot, & Chalard, 2003); Icelandic (Pind, Jnsdttir,

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Tryggvadttir, & Jnsson, 2000); Italian (Nisi, Longoni, & Snodgrass, 2000); Japanese
(Nishimoto, Miyawaki, Ueda, Une, & Takahashi, 2005); Chinese (Weekes, Shu, Hao, Liu,
& Tan, 2007); Greek (Dimitropoulou, Duabeitia, Blitsas, & Carreiras, 2009); Russian

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(Tsaparina, Bonin & Mot, 2011) and most recently in Persian (Bakhtiar, Nilipour, &
Weekes, 2013).

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In this respect, the Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set has become the hallmark
for picture norms in alphabetic and non-alphabetic writing systems providing a basis for
reliable cross-linguistic comparisons of behavioural data. Moreover, the picture set has
been modified by the addition of colour and texture, two characteristics that turn black and
white line drawings into more like real life objects, which have demonstrable benefits for
the reader (Price & Humphreys, 1989) over the original set (see Rossion & Pourtois, 2004;
Weekes et al, 2007).

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Although, empirical research on lexical processing in Turkish, a transparent
alphabetic orthography, has recently gained attention, to date there has been no reports of
normative data for pictures. Therefore, it has become increasingly imperative to develop
picture norms in Turkish and the present study aims at creating norms for name and image
agreement, AoA, visual complexity and conceptual familiarity for the 260 colour and
textured pictures from the Rossion and Pourtois (2004) picture set. In addition to this, we
report number of letters/phonemes and syllables together with word frequency utilizing the
newly available TNC.

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The Turkish Language

Turkish is the official language of the Republic of Turkey and North Cyprus and by

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current estimations, is fluently spoken by 80-90 million people worldwide. There are
significant Turkish-speaking populations in historical Ottoman lands such as Bulgaria,

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Macedonia, Iraq, Algeria, Egypt and Syria as well as recent large emigrant populations in

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Germany, France, the Netherlands, Austria and the United Kingdom.

Turkish is a member of the Turkic subdivision of the Altaic language family. The

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modern orthography is composed of a 29 letter alphabet of eight vowels and 21 consonants

based on a modified Latin script. The vowels work in four pairs (A-E, I-, O-, U-) with

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corresponding front/back, and rounded/unrounded sounds resulting in vowel harmony.

Agglutination is another prominent feature of Turkish. Furthermore, grapheme-phoneme
and phoneme-grapheme conversions are regular, explicit and consistent resulting in
absolute bi-directional transparency.
The Measures
Alario and colleagues (2004) report on the significance of different predictor
variables on picture naming latencies. They found that name agreement, image agreement,

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and visual complexity displayed significant impact on naming speed. Moreover they found
an independent affect of both frequency and AoA.
Further to this, Weekes et al. (2007) utilized a multiple regression analysis of both
the black-and-white and colour versions of the picture set in a picture naming study in
Chinese identifying name agreement, AoA, and conceptual familiarity as key predictor
variables in naming speed. Interestingly, the significance of image agreement appears to
diminish when colour pictures were used in this study.
Name agreement

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Name agreement is defined as the degree to which participants agree on a specific

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name to refer to a picture. The two measures that have frequently been used to investigate
name agreement are the percentage of participants who provide the most common name

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(the NA %) and the H statistic (Shannon, 1949), which measures the variability of answers
given across participants. The H statistic is calculated using the following formula:

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where k represents the number of different names given to a picture by the participants and
pi is the value for each name as a proportion of all the alternative names. An H score of 0
stipulates that all participants have given the same name whereas an increasing H score
indicates an increasing variability regarding the objects name.
As previously stated, name agreement has been identified as a significant predictor
of picture naming latencies. This effect has also been found in several studies across

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different languages (Alario et al., 2004; Barry et al., 1997; Bonin, Chalard, Mot & Fayol,
2002; Ellis & Morrison, 1998; Snodgrass & Yuditsky, 1996; Vitkovitch & Tyrrell, 1995).
Image agreement
Image agreement is a measure of the degree to which the mental images formed by
participants, in response to the objects name, aligns with the pictures appearance. The
general consensus appears to stipulate that pictures with high image agreement scores are
named faster than pictures with low image agreement (Barry et al., 1997; Bonin et al.,

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2002).

The rationale underpinning this, as Barry et al (1997) suggest, is that image

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agreement impacts at the level of object recognition and therefore the closer the mental
image is to the picture, the faster the naming speed. As stated above, Weekes et al (2007)

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finding of a reduced effect for image agreement when colour pictures are used supports
this view.

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The Modern Greek normative study omitted image agreement as a variable based
on these findings (Dimitropoulou et al., 2009). However as this is the first study of

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normative psycholinguistic data in Turkish, we felt that it was necessary to include this
variable, as it would serve as a future discussion point.

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Age of Acquisition
The AoA effect has shown to be an important factor of performance in several
lexical-processing tasks (Barry et al., 1997; Dent, Johnston, & Humphreys, 2008; Morrison
& Ellis, 2000). Furthermore, AoA has been identified as the most important predictor
variable of word naming and lexical-processing tasks (Cortese & Khanna, 2008). It is
therefore not surprising that as a measure, AoA is highly correlated with behavioural data

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such that reduced reaction times for early acquired concepts in picture naming, reading
aloud, and lexical decision tasks are taken evidence for faster and more efficient processing
than late acquired concepts (For comprehensive reviews see; Johnston & Barry, 2006;
Juhasz, 2005).
Visual complexity
Visual complexity can refer to both the subjective and objective assessment of the
number of lines and the level of detail in a drawing. Several studies indicate that the visual

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complexity of colour pictures significantly affects naming speed and subsequently report
that pictures with a higher visual complexity score result in longer naming speeds (Alario et
al., 2004; Ellis & Morrison, 1998). However only a handful of studies using subjective

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visual complexity have demonstrated its reliability as a predictor for naming speed (Barry
et al., 1997; Bonin et al., 2002; Weekes et al., 2007). Szkely and Bates (2000) suggest

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using the size of the digitized image (bytes) as a measure of objective visual complexity in

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order to address the issue of differentiating subjective visual complexity from subjective
familiarity measures.

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Taking these findings into consideration, we decided to collect and report subjective
visual complexity measures. The rationale for this is that to the best of our knowledge there

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are no extant reports for visual complexity measures in Turkish and we would like to
establish the possible relationship between the various subjective measures reported in this
study for future studies in Turkish.
Conceptual familiarity
Conceptual familiarity is the degree to which people come into contact with or think
about the depicted concept (Rossion & Pourtois, 2004). Familiarity has been shown to be a
highly variable yet reliable measure of naming speeds (Ellis & Morrison, 1998). Hirsh and

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Funnell (1995) suggest that concept familiarity directly influences the activation of central
semantic representations.
Frequency
In line with previous work, word frequency counts (per million words) were
extracted from the recently published Turkish National Corpus Demo Version (Aksan et
al, 2012; http://www.tnc.org.tr). The Turkish National Corpus (TNC) contains 50 million
words and offers for the first time, a representative corpus of modern Turkish. It contains

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samples of textual data across a wide variety of genres covering a period of 20 years (19902009). The TNC-Demo Version holds 4438 text samples; representing 9 domains including
both imaginative and informative subject fields and 34 different genres e.g. social sciences,

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art world affairs and leisure. Number of letters (phonemes) and syllables have also been
reported in this study. Note that number of letters directly correspond with the number of

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phonemes in Turkish because the relationship between orthography and phonology is one-

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to-one (Raman and colleagues, 1996; 2006; 2011).

Present Normative Study

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The present study aims at developing Turkish picture norms regarding name and
image agreement, AoA, visual complexity and concept familiarity for the 260 colour
pictures from the Rossion and Pourtois (2004) picture set.

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Instructions were given to each participant both orally and in written format. The
instructions were adapted and translated from those used by by Alario and Ferrand (1999)
and Bonin et al. (2003) in regards to the nature of the tasks performed. For the name
agreement task, 57 participants (3 groups of 19) were asked to identify each picture as it
was projected on a white screen and to write down the name of the object that came to
mind on an answer booklet provided. In the scenario that a participant did not know the

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object or name, they were asked to give Bilmiyorum (corresponding to DKO or dont
know object), ismini bilmiyorum (corresponding to DKN or dont know name) or

ismini hatrlamyorum (corresponding to TOT or Tip-of-Tongue) as a response.

Participants were informed to work as fast as possible, writing down responses in
the order of picture appearance. It was also made apparent that there were no correct or
incorrect responses and the importance of collecting normative data was outlined to them.
The rating tasks were completed using the SuperLab 4.5 software package. The
participants completed the study at their own pace during non-teaching hours but were

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asked to also work as fast as possible. All the rating tasks designed in Superlab used 5point scales.

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For the image agreement task, 40 participants were required to rate the agreement
between their own mental images and the subsequent displayed pictures. In line with Alario

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et al., (1999), the experimenter began by reading the modal name of the picture out loud

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and then paused for 5 seconds. During this period the participant was asked to generate the
mental image associated with the spoken name they had just heard. The experimenter then
pressed the space key, which presented the relevant picture on the screen. At this point the

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participant had to rate, on a 5-point scale, using the relevant number keys on the keyboard
the degree of agreement between the mental image and the picture. The rating ranged from

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1 to 5 with 1 corresponding to low agreement and 5 to high agreement. In the event that a
participant could not form an image of an object, they were asked to press the B key
(corresponding to no image or NI). Similarly if a participant imagined a different object
from the one pictured, they were asked to press the N key (corresponding with different

object or DO).
In the AoA rating task, 61 participants were required to provide an estimated age at
which they thought they had learned each of the names. They were required to indicate this

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age on a 5-point scale by pressing the relevant number key on the keyboard whereby 1
corresponded to a word learned between 0 and 3 years; 2 between 4 and 6 years; 3 between
7 and 9 years; 4 between 10 and 12 years; and 5 signified a word learned at 13 years or
later.
For the visual complexity rating task, participants were informed to rate the visual
complexity of the object in the picture and not its real life equivalent. Participants were
then instructed to assess the visual complexity of each drawing on a 5-point scale, using the

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relevant number keys on the keyboard ranging from 1 very simple to 5 very complex.
In the familiarity task, the participants were requested to estimate the
familiarity of the concept displayed in each picture and were given clear instruction that

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they were to rate the concept and not the manner in which it was displayed to them. For the
purpose of this task, familiarity was defined as the extent to which one comes into contact

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with or thinks about the concept in the picture. Participants recorded their answers on a 5-

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point scale, using the relevant number keys on the keyboard with 1 corresponding to a very
unfamiliar object and 5 corresponding to a very familiar object. In the event that the
participant had no previous exposure to the concept in the picture, they were required to

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press the B key (corresponding with Dont know object or DKO).

Results and Discussion

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The mean ratings collected for each stimulus are presented in an Excel file
(Appendix A) available electronically on the Internet together with their corresponding
standard deviation values. The items are listed alphabetically according to the English
names of the pictures. Starting from the left column , the following information is provided
for each item as follows: (1) The number of the picture, the name of the picture in English
in the Rossion and Pourtois (2004) database, the intended Turkish name and the modal

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Turkish name given by participants. (2) Name agreement measures of percentage of
participants giving the modal name and the corresponding H statistic. (3) The means and
the standard deviations for image agreement, conceptual familiarity, rated AoA, and
subjective visual complexity in accordance with the commonly used 1-to-5 Likert scales
are given. The number of letters (phonemes) and syllables of the modal names are also
supplied. Finally, the word frequency values (taken from the TNC) of the modal names are
also presented with the exception of three missing data, namely, ayrelli, asparagus;

Amerikan topu, American football; eirme makinas, spinning wheel .

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Furthermore, the supplemental material also provides an Excel file (Appendix B)

with the different nonmodal names provided for each item, together with their

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corresponding frequencies of occurrence. In addition, for each item, the number of DKO,
DKN, and TOT responses is indicated. A summary of the findings is presented below in
Table 1.

IA

Fam

VC

AoA

Mean

83.49

0.47

3.91

4.65

1.35

2.31

SD

21.66

0.61

0.68

0.21

0.23

0.51

Min

13.00

0.00

1.09

3.47

Max

100.00

2.76

4.94

Median

94.00

0.23

4.03

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NA H

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NA %

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1.00

1.38

4.97

2.09

3.95

4.69

1.31

2.27

Table 1: Summary statistics for Name Agreement (NA) (percentage of participants

providing the modal name (%) and H values) and the other measures rated on a 5-point

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Likert scale. (IA= Image agreement, Fam = Conceptual Familiarity, VC = Visual
Complexity and AoA = Age of Acquisition.)
Across the set of colour pictures, the mean name agreement percentage for all
participants was 83.49% which is suggestive of a high level of agreement with regards to
the picture set by the majority of participants. Consequently, when an in-depth
investigation of name agreement scores was carried out, it was found that 80 out of 260
pictures were named by all participants with the same word (H=0, 100% agreement); 101

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out of the 260 pictures produced name agreement percentages ranging from 80% to 99%;
36 had percentages from 60% to 79; 12 from 50% to 59% and 31 pictures had name
agreement rating scores below 50%. In addition, for 94 out of 260 pictures the H Statistic

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was 0 (single name); 80 out of 260 resulted in two names; 41 in three names; 25 in four
names; 7 in five names and 13 pictures had more than five names.

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The mean percentage of naming failures was 1.85% (DKN 2.34%, DKO 1.14%,

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and TOT 2.06%), which is similar to those reported in English (1.75%), lower than Spanish
(4.15%) but higher than French and Russian (1%). An analysis of several items that have

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been reported in several languages to consistently display high naming failure rates showed
a strong overlap with previous findings. In particular, the names identified by Tsaparina

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and colleagues (2011) in Russian; artichoke, asparagus, celery, chisel, nut, pliers, plug,
and raccoon as well as French horn, wagon, and wrench which were not found in Russian
but were in three other languages were all found to present naming failures above 5% in
Turkish. In addition to this, it was interesting to observe that four items classified as
musical instruments (harp, accordion, trumpet and flute) demonstrated a particularly high
level of naming failure. One explanation for this finding was that the participants had
limited or no exposure to such items.

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Following this, a correlation analysis was carried out between measures. In addition
to the previously mentioned measures, written word frequency, number of syllables and
number of letters for the modal name were also included as variables in the correlation
analysis.

NA %
NA (H)
IA

VC

IA

Fam

VC

AOA

Freq

NSyll

N Lett

-.923**

.491**

.440**

-.253**

-.440**

.195**

-.158*

-.181**

-.455**

-.319**

.153*

.282**

-.184**

0.093

0.116

.281**

-.199**

-.296**

0.096

-0.091

-0.073

-.479**

-.632**

.256**

-.160**

-.153*

.396**

-0.09

0.116

0.097

-.329**

.197**

.190**

-.224**

-.265**

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Fam

NA (H)

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AoA

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Freq
N Syll

.940**

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Table 2: NA% name agreement percentages; NA (H) H Statistic; IA, image agreement;
Fam, conceptual familiarty; VC, visual complexity; AoA, age of acquisition; Freq, word
frequency; N Syll, number of syllables; N Lett, number of letters. **significant at the p<.01
level, *significant at the p<.05 level.
Results for name agreement (%) showed significant correlations with all other
measured variables. A correlation of r= -.923, p <. 01 with name agreement (H) is in line
with previous normative studies which typically report values in the r= -.9 region. This

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finding adds and ascertains the universality of the relationship between the two name
agreement measures across languages and confirms its usefulness in normative studies. In
addition to this, contrary to the recent findings in Russian (Tsaparina et al., 2011), name
agreement (%) also showed a significant correlation with word frequency (r= .195, p<. 01)
pertaining to the observation that as word frequency increases, name agreement (%)
increases.
Additionally, the finding between name agreement (H) and word frequency yielded

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a significant inverse correlation (r = -.184, p<.01) confirming

that increasing word

frequency results in less variability and a higher degree of name agreement. Moreover, a
small yet significant inverse relationship was also shown between name agreement (%) and

Re

number of syllables (r= -.158, p<. 05) and the number of letters/ phonemes (r= -.181,
p<.01) respectively. This finding is not unexpected as items with shorter length/ syllable

vi

number are more likely to have singular names.

ew

The name agreement (H) measure was found to be influenced by visual complexity
(r= .153, p<.05) and AoA (r= .282, p<.01) in addition to other reported variables. Therefore

On

it can be extracted that as pictures become increasingly complex, the variability in naming
their intended name increases. Furthermore, earlier acquired items result in progressively
more homogenous naming agreement.

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With regards to conceptual familiarity, significant findings were reported with all
the other measures: with name agreement (%) (r= 0.44, p<.01); name agreement (H) (r= .319, p<.01); image agreement (r= .281, p<.01); visual complexity (r= .479, p<.01); AoA
(r=-.632, p<.01) and word frequency (r= .256, p<.01). From this it can be deduced that
conceptual familiarity is a central measure in establishing psycholinguistic norms in
Turkish.

Page 15 of 82

15
Similarly, we found AoA to be another pertinent measure as it produced a
significant effect with all other measures. In addition to the measures reported above, the
most substantial effects were found between AoA and name agreement (%)(r= .44, p<.01);
AoA and visual complexity (r= .396, p<.01); AoA and word frequency (r= -.329,
p<.01).These findings are in line with previously reported findings of an AoA effect in
word and black and white line picture naming Turkish (Raman 2006; 2011). Hence the
current pattern of findings adds to the extant body of literature such that AoA is a universal
element in psycholinguistic normative studies.
Turkish

Russian

Belgian French

Modern Greek

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NA
(H)

r
Fo

NA
(%)

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Figure 1: Frequency distributions of the name agreement measures. Reproduced and

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adapted with permission from Tsparina et al (2011). Top row: H Statistic; Bottom row:
name agreement percentage for modal name. Far left: Turkish; Middle left: Russian
(Tsaparina et al 2011); Middle right: French (Rossion and Pourtois 2004); Far right:
Modern Greek (Dimitropoulou et al. 2009).
As can be seen in Figure 1, the overall distribution characteristics of the present
normative study are largely in line with what has been observed in several recent studies in
other languages. Both the H Statistic (skeweness = -1.35) and the name agreement

Page 16 of 82

16
percentage (skeweness = 1.51) display classic skewness patterns.
Subsequently, correlation analyses were conducted for cross-linguistic data. The
correlation coefficients between the present Turkish norms and those obtained for the same
set of pictures in Belgian French (Rossion and Pourtois 2004), Modern Greek
(Dimitropoulou et al. 2009) and Russian (Tsaparina et al. 2011) are shown in Table 3.

NA%
H
IA

Modern Greek

Belgian French

.356**

.553**

-.011

.406**

.661**

-.033

.232**

.226**

.691**

VC

.249**

AoA

.662**

.643**

.557**

ew

.661**

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Fam

Re

Russian

r
Fo

.819**

Table 3: Cross-linguistic correlations. (NA%, name agreement percentage; H, name

On

agreement (H Statistic); IA, image agreement; Fam, conceptual familiarity; VC, visual
complexity; AoA, age of acquisition. ** significant at the p<.01 level.)

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The results of the cross-linguistic analyses show that the data collected for Turkish
in this study, significantly correlates with all of the reported measures in Russian, Modern
Greek but not for Belgian French for name agreement measures. Visual complexity was the
only measure that showed a significant correlation between Turkish and all three of the
previously reported languages that used the same picture set namely Russian (r= .249,
p<.01), Modern Greek (r= .643, p<.01) and Belgian French (r= .557, p<.01). This is not
unsurprising as visual complexity has been shown to be a consistent, robust and language-

Page 17 of 82

17
independent measure and is in line with previous studies that have investigated both colour
and black and white line drawings.
Insofar as AoA is concerned, we stipulated above the universality of AoA as
psycholinguistic measure. This view is supported by the findings of the cross-linguistic
comparison in which AoA in Turkish was highly correlated with both the Russian (r= .662,
p<.01) and Modern Greek (r= .819, p<.01) AoA ratings.
Name agreement in Turkish as measured by both percentage agreement and H

r
Fo

Statistic correlated strongly with Russian (r= .356, p<.01) and (r= .406, p<.01) respectively
as well as with Modern Greek (r= .553, p<.01) and (r= .661, p<.01) respectively. However
similar to findings reported previously by both the Russian and Greek normative studies,

Re

we found no statistically significant correlation regarding name agreement with the Belgian
French normative study. In this respect, there is no rationale as to why cross-linguistic

vi

comparisons ought to yield or fail to yield significant results but can be regarded as

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important for establishing cross-linguistic comparability. Tsaparina et al (2011) suggest

that comparisons with the Belgian French name agreement norms may be uninformative
in this regard.

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Two of the measures in Turkish only had comparable data from the Russian and

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Belgian French normative studies. Conceptual familiarity above reported to be a robust

measure in psycholinguistic norms was found to be highly significant between the Turkish
and Russian (r= .661, p<.01) and Turkish and Belgian French ((r= .691, p<.01). Image
agreement also yielded a significant correlation between Turkish and Russian (r= .232,
p<.01) and again for Turkish and Belgian French (r= .226, p<.01).
Finally, the measures were subjected to analyses against recently published data
from Persian (Bakhtiar et al., 2013). It should be noted, however, that Bakhtiar et al

Page 18 of 82

18
reported 200 of the original items; therefore, we adjusted our data set accordingly to
construct a partial data set for the purpose of analyses. As can be seen Table 4, we found
nonsignificant correlations for both name agreement measures (% and H) and image
agreement between Turkish and Persian. However, conceptual familiarity (r= .277, p<.01),
visual complexity (r= .197, p<.01) and AoA (r= .440, p<.01) were found to be significantly
correlated in Turkish and Persian. These results together with those reported for Russian,
Greek and Belgian French show that in the instances when comparable data were available,
AoA and familiarity yielded cross-linguistic correlations. Conversely, visual complexity

r
Fo

was the only measure which correlated significantly in Russian, Greek, Belgian French and
Persian.

Re
NA %
H

Persian
0.125

vi

IA
FAM

0.078

ew
0.043

.277**

VC

.197**

AOA

.440**

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Table 4: Cross-linguistic correlations with Persian. (NA%, name agreement percentage; H,

name agreement (H Statistic); IA, image agreement; Fam, conceptual familiarity; VC,
visual complexity; AoA, age of acquisition. ** significant at the p<.01 level.)
In conclusion, the aim of the present study was to establish psycholinguistic
normative data in Turkish for the colour version of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980)
black and white line drawings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such

Page 19 of 82

19
measures in Turkish and we strongly believe that this dataset can be used as a valuable
instrument in behavioural studies for the investigation of various cognitive processes in
Turkish including but not limited to language and memory. The present study has
contributed to the foundation in which to establish a thriving research initiative for the
further investigation of the theoretical and empirical framework of the cognitive processes
in the Turkish language. This dataset has the potential to be extended into different
populations across the lifespan as well as clinical populations.

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Acknowledgements
We express our thanks to the participants who took part in the study voluntarily and
our research assistants Elif aatay, nay iek, erife Dilem, Bahire Gzer, Melis Singin
and Zehra Kseolu for their involvement in the data collection process.

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Page 21 of 82

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Page 25 of 82

Rossion &
Pourtois
Number

Akordeon
Uak
Timsah
apa
Karnca
Elma
Kol
Ok
Enginar
Kl tablas
Kukonmaz
Balta
ocuk arabas
Top
Balon
Muz
Ahr
F
Beysbol sopas
Sepet
Ay
Yatak
Ar
Bcek
Zil
Kemer
Bisiklet
Ku
Bluz
Kitap
izme
ie
Fiyonk
Kase
Kutu
Ekmek
Sprge
Fra
Otobs
Kelebek
Dme
Kek
Deve

ew

vi

On

Turkish Modal Name

Akordeon
Uak
Timsah
apa
Karnca
Elma
Kol
Ok
Enginar
Kl tablas
Ayrelli
Balta
Bebek Arabas
Top
Balon
Muz
Ahr
F
Beysbol sopas
Sepet
Ay
Yatak
Sinek
Bcek
Zil
Kemer
Bisiklet
Ku
Gmlek
Kitap
izme
ie
Kurdela
Kase
Kutu
Ekmek
Sprge
Fra
Otobs
Kelebek
Dme
Pasta
Deve

ly

accordion
airplane
alligator
anchor
ant
apple
arm
arrow
artichoke
ashtray
aspargus
axe
baby carriage
ball
balloon
banana
barn
barrel
baseball bat
basket
bear
bed
bee
beetle
bell
belt
bicycle
bird
blouse
book
boot
bottle
bow
bowl
box
bread
broom
brush
bus
butterfly
button
cake
camel

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Rossion &
Pourtois English
name
Turkish Intended Name

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Page 26 of 82

Mum
Byk top
Kasket
Araba
Havu
Kedi
Trtl
Kereviz
Zincir
Sandalye
Kiraz
Tavuk
Keski
Kilise
Puro
Sigara
Saat
Mandal
Bulut
Palyao
Ceket
Tarak
Msr
Kanepe
nek
Ta
Fincan
Geyik
Masa
Kpek
Bebek
Eek
Kap
Kap tokma
Elbise
ifoniyer
Davul
rdek
Kartal
Kulak
Fil
Zarf
Gz
it
Parmak
Balk
Bayrak
iek

ew

vi

On

Mum
Top
apka
Araba
Havu
Kedi
Trtl
Kereviz
Zincir
Sandalye
Kiraz
Tavuk
Keski
Kilise
Puro
Sigara
Saat
Mandal
Bulut
Palyao
Ceket
Tarak
Msr
Koltuk
nek
Ta
Fincan
Geyik
Masa
Kpek
Bebek
Eek
Kap
Kulp
Elbise
Komidin
Davul
rdek
Kartal
Kulak
Fil
Zarf
Gz
it
Parmak
Balk
Bayrak
iek

ly

candle
cannon
cap
car
carrott
cat
caterpillar
celery
chain
chair
cherry
chicken
chisel
church
cigar
cigarette
clock
clothespin
cloud
clown
coat
comb
corn
couch
cow
crown
cup
deer
desk
dog
doll
donkey
door
doorknob
dress
dresser
drum
duck
eagle
ear
elephant
envelope
eye
fence
finger
fish
flag
flower

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41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 27 of 82

Flt
Sinek
Ayak
Futbol
Kask
atal
Tilki
Korno
Kurbaa
Tava
p tenekesi
Zrafa
Bardak
Gzlk
Eldiven
Kei
Goril
zm
ekirge
Gitar
Silah
Sa
eki
El
Ask
Harp
apka
Kalp
Helikopter
At
Ev
t
t Tahtas
Ceket
Kanguru
aydanlk
Anahtar
Uurtma
Bak
Merdiven
Lamba
Yaprak
Bacak
Limon
Leopar
Marul
Ampl
Elektrik dmesi

ew

vi

On

Flt
Sinek
Ayak
Amerikan Topu
Kask
atal
Tilki
Saksafon
Kurbaa
Tava
p
Zrafa
Bardak
Gzlk
Eldiven
Kei
Goril
zm
ekirge
Gitar
Silah
Sa
eki
El
Ask
Harp
apka
Kalp
Helikopter
At
Ev
t
t masas
Ceket
Kanguru
aydanlk
Anahtar
Uurtma
Bak
Merdiven
Abajur
Yaprak
Bacak
Limon
Kaplan
Marul
Ampl
Dme

ly

flute
fly
foot
football
football helmet
fork
fox
french horn
frog
frying pan
garbage can
giraffe
glass
glasses
gloves
goat
gorilla
grapes
grasshopper
guitar
gun
hair
hammer
hand
hanger
harp
hat
heart
helicopter
horse
house
iron
ironing board
jacket
kangaroo
kettle
key
kite
knife
ladder
lamp
leaf
leg
lemon
leopard
lettuce
light bulb
light switch

Re

92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 28 of 82

Aslan
Dudak
stakoz
Kilit
Eldiven (Tek Parmakl)
Maymun
Ay
Motosiklet
Da
Fare
Mantar
ivi
Trp
Kolye
ine
Burun
Somun
Soan
Portakal
Devekuu
Bayku
Boya fras
Pantolon
eftali
Tavuskuu
Fstk
Armut
Tkenmezkalem
Kurunkalem
Penguen
Biber
Piyano
Domuz
Ananas
Pipo
Srahi
kerpeten
Fi
anta
Tencere
patates
Balkaba
Tavan
Rakun
Pikap
Buzdolab
Gergedan
Yzk

ew

vi

On

Aslan
Dudak
stakoz
Kilit
Eldiven
Maymun
Ay
Motor
Da
Fare
Mantar
ivi
Trp
Kolye
ine
Burun
Vida
Soan
Portakal
Devekuu
Bayku
fra
Pantolon
eftali
Tavuskuu
Fstk
Armut
Kalem
Kurunkalem
Penguen
Biber
Piyano
Domuz
Ananas
Pipo
Srahi
Pens
Fi
anta
Tava
patates
Balkaba
Tavan
Tilki
Gramofon
Buzdolab
Gergedan
Yzk

ly

lion
lips
lobster
lock
mitten
monkey
moon
motorcycle
mountain
mouse
mushroom
nail
nail file
necklace
needle
nose
nut
onion
orange
ostrich
owl
paintbrush
pants
peach
peacock
peanut
pear
pen
pencil
penguin
pepper
piano
pig
pineapple
pipe
pitcher
pliers
plug
pocketbook
pot
potato
pumpkin
rabbit
raccoon
record player
refrigerator
rhinoceros
ring

Re

140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 29 of 82

Sallanan sandalye
Paten
Merdane
Horoz
Cetvel
Yelkenli
Tuzluk
Sandvi
Testere
Makas
Vida
Tornavida
Deniz at
Fok Bal
Koyun
Gmlek
Ayakkab
Etek
Kokarca
Kzak
Salyangoz
Ylan
Kardanadam
orap
rmcek
krk
plik
Kak
Sincap
Yldz
Tabure
Frn
ilek
Bavul
Gne
Kuu
Kazak
Salncak
Masa
Telefon
Televizyon
Tenis raketi
Yksk
Baparmak
Kravat
Kaplan
Ekmek kzartma makinesi
Ayak parma

ew

vi

On

Sallanan sandalye
Paten
Merdane
Horoz
Cetvel
Yelken
Tuzluk
Sandvi
Testere
Makas
Vida
Tornavida
Deniz at
Fok Bal
Koyun
Gmlek
Ayakkab
Etek
Kokarca
Kzak
Salyangoz
Ylan
Kardanadam
orap
rmcek
eirme makinasi
plik
Kak
Sincap
Yldz
Tabure
Ocak
ilek
Bavul
Gne
Kuu
Kazak
Salncak
Masa
Telefon
Televizyon
Raket
Yksk
Parmak
Kravat
Kaplan
Ekmek kzartma makinesi
Parmak

ly

rocking chair
roller skate
rolling pin
rooster
ruler
sail boat
salt shaker
sandwich
saw
scissors
screw
screwdriver
sea horse
seal
sheep
shirt
shoe
skirt
skunk
sled
snail
snake
snowman
socks
spider
spinning wheel
spool of thread
spoon
squirrel
star
stool
stove
strawberry
suitcase
sun
swan
sweater
swing
table
telephone
television
tennis racket
thimble
thumb
tie
tiger
toaster
toe

Re

188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 30 of 82

tomato
toothbrush
top
traffic lights
train
tree
truck
trumpet
turtle
umbrella
vase
vest
violin
wagon
watch
watering can
watermelon
well
wheel
whistle
windmill
window
wine glass
wrench
zebra

Domates
Di fras
Topa
Trafik
Tren
Aa
Kamyon
Trompet
kaplumbaa
emsiye
Vazo
Yelek
Keman
Yk vagonu
Kol Saati
Su szgeci
Karpuz
kuyu
Tekerlek
Ddk
Yeldeirmeni
Pencere
arap barda
ngiliz anahtar
Zebra

Domates
Di fras
Topa
Trafik lambas
Tren
Aa
Kamyon
Saksafon
kaplumbaa
emsiye
Vazo
Yelek
Keman
Araba
Kol Saati
Szge
Karpuz
Kuyu
Tekerlek
Ddk
Yeldeirmeni
Pencere
Kadeh
Anahtar
Zebra

ew

vi

Re

236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260

r
Fo

ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 31 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 32 of 82

Turkish
Turkish
Turkish
Image
Name
Name
Agreement_
agreement H agreement % M

1.51
1.56
1.36
0.84
0.99
1.25
1.41
1.33
1.67
1.01
1.96
1.01
1.45
1.95
1.22
1.55
1.45
2.01
1.43
1.19
2.00
1.43
1.59
1.07
1.20
0.75
0.75
2.14
1.10
1.39
1.58
0.89
1.95
1.94
1.01
1.32
1.53
1.84
1.21
1.26
0.88
1.31
1.55

ew

On

4.53
4.83
4.53
4.46
4.68
4.78
4.83
4.68
4.56
4.58
3.47
4.76
4.80
4.49
4.88
4.93
4.36
4.61
4.56
4.75
4.42
4.85
4.78
4.10
4.64
4.80
4.83
4.66
4.76
4.81
4.66
4.70
4.66
4.59
4.73
4.83
4.69
4.69
4.88
4.92
4.68
4.86
4.53

Turkish
Conceptual
Familiarity_S
D

ly

4.23
3.84
4.56
1.65
4.47
3.75
4.50
3.97
4.13
3.88
3.44
4.78
4.03
3.91
4.53
4.94
2.48
3.72
3.90
3.93
4.25
3.66
3.55
3.54
3.63
4.61
4.48
4.28
2.57
4.38
3.28
2.50
4.47
4.23
4.45
3.63
4.03
3.28
4.22
4.53
4.50
4.69
4.58

vi

45
96
95
47
93
100
100
71
81
61
22
89
86
100
100
89
30
70
75
93
100
100
46
68
91
91
98
98
36
100
61
98
77
48
93
100
96
98
100
100
100
65
100

Turkish
Image
Turkish
Agreement_S Conceptual
D
Familiarity_M

Re

0.24
0.13
0.13
0.73
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.93
0.15
1.17
2.63
0.56
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.49
2.76
0.83
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.48
0.57
0.43
0.55
0.13
0.13
2.03
0.00
1.24
0.13
0.84
2.04
0.39
0.00
0.26
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.93
0.00

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

1.47
0.92
0.53
0.55
0.71
0.83
0.66
1.02
1.16
0.74
0.43
0.40
0.67
0.50
0.70
0.71
1.09
1.16
1.13
1.22
1.13
0.73
0.79
0.67
0.95
0.77
0.48
0.80
0.95
1.07
0.63
0.91
1.20
1.17
1.20
0.88
1.01
0.74
1.19
1.23
0.91
1.38
0.77

Turkish Age
of
Acquisition_
M
3.23
2.18
2.51
3.21
1.85
1.74
1.57
2.49
2.61
2.90
2.69
2.57
2.02
1.75
1.38
1.62
1.87
2.87
3.03
2.33
2.25
1.75
1.59
2.05
2.41
2.28
1.97
1.90
2.07
1.92
2.13
2.28
2.20
1.66
2.05
1.62
2.38
2.20
2.13
1.85
2.23
1.85
2.84

Page 33 of 82

0.92
2.30
0.68
1.68
2.22
1.82
1.48
1.22
1.33
1.06
0.89
0.73
1.15
0.82
0.96
0.62
0.89
0.55
0.54
1.02
0.67
1.29
1.07
0.72
1.10
1.06
0.34
0.79
0.36
0.51
1.00
0.53
1.32
0.77
0.98
1.62
1.55
0.67
1.48
0.91
0.70
0.67
1.33
1.33
2.01
1.19
0.82
1.34

ew

On

4.76
4.24
4.74
4.92
4.83
4.90
4.34
4.15
4.56
4.92
4.58
4.78
4.28
4.36
4.68
4.59
4.83
4.86
4.42
4.71
4.80
4.73
4.81
4.90
4.66
4.46
4.88
4.55
4.90
4.83
4.64
4.63
4.71
4.78
4.85
4.83
4.34
4.69
4.69
4.80
4.61
4.76
4.92
4.68
4.78
4.83
4.58
4.81

ly

4.28
3.91
2.37
4.13
4.72
4.72
4.10
3.33
3.65
4.09
4.53
3.97
4.61
4.53
4.42
4.06
3.72
3.00
4.16
4.22
3.84
4.00
4.28
3.97
3.43
3.97
3.77
4.53
4.13
4.41
2.71
4.41
4.63
3.43
3.84
1.37
3.38
3.44
3.94
4.47
4.50
3.56
4.03
2.50
4.19
4.32
3.60
3.38

vi

100
75
77
91
100
100
80
44
100
100
100
100
21
88
93
100
100
72
91
98
43
100
100
63
93
98
93
89
100
100
79
98
100
53
98
39
65
89
56
100
100
89
98
67
100
100
98
96

Re

0.00
0.49
1.04
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.34
1.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.44
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.44
0.13
2.24
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.37
0.00
0.37
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.13
0.00
1.21
0.13
2.33
0.85
0.53
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.13
1.04
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.26

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.67
1.33
0.77
1.13
1.00
1.17
0.68
0.88
0.95
0.78
1.10
0.60
0.31
0.52
0.34
0.47
0.60
1.02
0.88
0.52
0.43
0.43
1.09
0.18
0.52
0.38
0.73
0.50
0.25
0.25
0.43
0.95
0.97
0.69
0.58
0.96
1.07
0.50
0.68
1.10
0.63
0.62
1.28
0.77
0.75
0.61
0.65
1.01

2.11
3.05
1.72
1.59
1.87
1.69
2.23
2.67
2.74
1.64
2.11
1.95
3.31
3.26
3.25
2.89
2.31
2.44
1.85
2.02
2.31
1.98
2.13
1.97
2.15
2.64
1.89
2.72
2.03
1.70
1.38
1.80
1.85
2.33
2.07
2.03
2.64
2.23
2.33
1.49
2.10
2.39
1.48
2.69
1.52
1.67
2.30
1.89

Page 34 of 82

1.26
1.46
0.80
1.34
0.84
0.30
0.82
1.03
1.07
0.77
1.05
0.88
1.08
1.16
1.39
1.38
1.31
1.02
0.81
0.72
1.15
1.05
1.78
0.78
1.46
0.72
0.70
1.12
0.83
1.21
0.86
0.81
0.68
0.77
0.93
1.58
1.32
1.57
1.29
1.83
0.83
1.57
1.19
1.00
0.30
0.34
0.37
0.95

ew

On

4.28
4.78
4.92
4.31
4.31
4.75
4.36
4.17
4.42
4.75
4.90
4.61
4.93
4.85
4.68
4.47
4.37
4.73
4.63
4.73
4.59
4.80
4.64
4.88
4.81
4.20
4.73
4.83
4.63
4.68
4.92
4.78
4.75
4.86
4.44
4.80
4.93
4.75
4.69
4.69
4.67
4.75
4.85
4.80
4.41
4.69
4.86
4.73

ly

3.47
4.06
4.63
3.10
3.13
3.47
3.68
1.42
4.19
3.88
3.44
3.53
4.69
4.19
3.90
4.56
4.06
3.22
3.57
4.63
3.86
4.09
3.44
4.29
4.47
3.56
2.73
4.16
4.16
4.75
3.84
3.39
3.29
4.22
4.84
3.32
4.41
3.84
3.80
4.31
3.39
3.68
4.06
4.38
4.38
3.55
4.84
4.19

vi

49
95
100
43
72
100
91
25
98
95
59
96
100
100
100
91
82
100
91
100
63
100
100
100
100
32
98
98
100
100
100
100
100
47
93
93
98
96
100
100
50
100
95
98
59
59
73
33

Re

1.40
0.14
0.00
1.79
0.66
0.00
0.31
1.70
0.13
0.35
1.78
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.72
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.95
0.13
0.23
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.19
0.00
0.38
0.13
1.68
1.44
0.84
2.37

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

1.03
1.04
0.94
1.22
0.66
0.48
1.09
0.58
0.95
0.78
0.59
0.50
0.52
0.78
0.62
0.99
0.92
0.43
0.95
0.89
0.38
1.07
0.77
0.73
0.77
0.94
0.81
1.17
0.45
0.34
0.61
0.40
0.46
0.85
0.84
0.36
0.88
0.97
0.89
0.94
0.86
0.62
0.72
0.40
1.12
1.24
0.64
0.83

3.10
2.07
1.41
3.28
3.64
1.92
2.59
3.72
2.21
2.44
2.15
2.54
1.51
1.90
2.05
2.70
2.75
2.11
2.39
2.75
2.80
1.54
3.03
1.43
2.48
3.95
2.10
2.28
2.41
2.03
1.56
2.49
2.51
2.30
2.61
2.18
1.84
1.95
1.90
2.43
2.25
2.07
1.66
1.97
2.56
2.48
1.75
2.16

Page 35 of 82

0.48
0.48
0.43
0.54
0.73
1.03
0.64
0.67
0.88
0.56
0.89
0.80
0.77
0.68
1.12
0.81
0.87
1.43
0.86
0.81
1.41
1.01
0.76
0.93
0.84
0.72
1.40
0.76
1.24
0.84
0.91
0.95
0.91
0.88
1.47
1.37
0.87
0.97
0.82
1.47
0.78
1.17
0.97
0.96
0.86
0.82
0.91
1.06

ew

On

4.53
4.80
4.51
4.69
4.66
4.24
4.85
4.59
4.37
4.61
4.80
4.80
4.66
4.71
4.58
4.81
4.66
4.69
4.78
4.19
4.53
4.66
4.66
4.46
4.54
4.59
4.86
4.78
4.69
4.56
4.49
4.75
4.42
4.85
4.61
4.85
4.68
4.44
4.71
4.81
4.64
4.51
4.73
4.19
4.27
4.83
4.29
4.53

ly

4.66
4.28
2.97
4.53
3.33
4.31
4.20
4.31
3.68
4.66
4.34
4.81
3.50
4.34
4.06
4.59
2.81
3.90
4.16
3.80
4.69
4.72
3.94
4.25
3.97
4.00
4.75
3.84
4.69
4.19
3.43
4.16
4.19
4.75
4.16
4.00
4.19
3.17
3.59
3.17
4.59
3.17
3.97
3.19
1.88
4.59
4.50
3.71

vi

100
100
56
96
96
95
82
52
89
95
95
96
78
98
93
100
43
100
96
86
100
91
98
79
91
93
98
98
100
96
95
100
98
86
81
91
71
67
100
45
93
98
100
23
30
93
75
93

Re

0.00
0.00
1.54
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.68
1.00
0.66
0.38
0.00
0.26
0.62
0.13
0.13
0.00
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.27
0.13
0.82
0.00
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.13
0.37
0.48
0.37
0.70
0.84
0.00
1.67
0.23
0.00
0.00
2.42
1.46
0.37
0.43
0.37

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

1.00
0.43
0.63
0.48
0.43
0.34
0.63
1.15
1.01
0.84
1.11
0.88
0.66
0.57
0.79
1.13
0.55
1.04
0.69
0.90
0.86
0.76
0.50
0.57
1.05
0.64
0.57
0.48
0.34
1.21
0.77
0.85
0.57
0.47
0.53
0.68
0.38
0.44
0.67
0.94
0.62
0.83
0.95
0.75
0.83
0.60
0.67
0.81

2.18
1.39
2.80
2.82
2.11
2.74
1.77
2.52
2.48
1.95
2.49
2.30
3.02
2.33
2.69
1.39
3.05
2.38
2.08
3.03
2.66
2.23
2.07
1.82
2.59
2.56
1.77
2.05
1.74
2.57
2.41
3.15
2.69
2.85
3.38
2.33
2.98
2.59
2.07
2.28
1.89
2.72
2.15
2.92
3.49
1.95
3.21
2.59

Page 36 of 82

1.57
1.36
1.31
0.83
0.93
1.04
1.40
0.88
0.92
1.26
1.26
1.08
0.93
0.96
1.50
1.34
1.20
1.22
1.15
1.20
1.18
0.86
1.45
1.50
1.02
1.44
1.03
1.12
1.03
1.23
0.98
1.00
1.14
1.38
1.04
1.31
1.11
1.26
1.21
1.09
1.24
1.48
1.32
1.30
1.19
1.07
1.30
1.01

ew

On

4.66
4.47
4.64
4.66
4.78
4.75
4.81
4.86
4.68
4.81
4.51
4.59
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.85
4.92
4.54
4.29
4.10
4.56
4.47
4.56
4.81
4.49
3.60
4.58
4.81
4.49
4.71
4.78
4.83
4.85
4.86
4.90
4.58
4.90
4.66
4.91
4.76
4.83
4.69
3.98
4.80
4.81
4.34
4.59
4.78

ly

4.32
3.29
4.03
3.97
4.55
3.42
3.87
4.09
3.08
4.06
3.81
3.91
4.19
4.16
4.47
4.31
3.91
3.44
4.50
4.00
4.66
3.58
4.75
3.10
3.32
1.09
4.04
4.72
4.00
3.68
4.56
3.96
3.19
4.03
4.53
4.13
2.70
4.10
4.19
3.70
3.94
4.13
2.75
4.50
4.41
4.84
3.78
4.77

vi

51
73
44
100
100
78
91
96
65
100
82
91
88
84
73
100
100
98
74
60
68
100
96
100
93
28
48
100
98
100
82
55
100
64
100
86
74
95
96
100
100
91
32
53
100
98
45
65

Re

1.00
0.50
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.12
0.43
0.26
0.97
0.00
0.46
0.23
0.14
0.00
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.80
0.77
1.20
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.27
1.50
1.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
0.99
0.00
1.26
0.00
0.51
0.90
0.26
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.24
1.18
1.00
0.00
0.13
1.25
1.10

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.50
0.40
0.80
0.34
0.51
0.69
0.66
1.02
0.74
0.90
0.75
0.79
0.45
1.09
0.97
0.97
0.76
0.78
0.56
0.95
0.69
1.07
0.87
0.68
0.67
1.11
0.99
1.25
0.89
0.98
0.71
0.81
0.63
0.86
0.74
0.42
0.66
0.81
0.78
1.02
0.73
0.73
0.48
0.92
0.89
1.07
1.10
0.74

2.31
3.08
2.64
1.89
2.16
2.49
2.25
2.02
2.79
2.20
3.02
3.16
3.38
2.87
2.15
2.31
1.52
2.16
2.97
3.28
2.25
2.30
2.08
1.79
2.28
3.48
2.54
1.64
2.64
1.93
1.85
2.34
1.98
2.38
1.51
2.48
2.10
1.85
1.95
1.93
1.84
2.85
3.10
1.54
2.64
2.51
2.85
1.52

Page 37 of 82

4.81
4.31
3.77
3.90
3.90
4.59
3.42
2.18
4.69
1.71
3.69
3.61
4.63
2.15
3.97
1.58
4.75
4.44
3.72
4.55
3.63
4.19
2.48
3.83
3.66

1.34
1.19
1.02
1.29
1.36
1.26
1.33
1.59
1.15
1.28
1.52
1.42
1.43
1.57
1.18
1.18
1.45
1.10
1.22
1.36
1.68
1.62
1.77
1.85
1.73

4.85
4.81
4.31
4.80
4.63
4.97
4.71
4.44
4.71
4.78
4.66
4.63
4.76
4.32
4.90
4.75
4.86
4.54
4.63
4.58
4.54
4.71
4.73
4.59
4.59

ew

vi

100
100
74
52
100
100
73
33
100
98
96
98
84
23
82
13
100
91
100
98
64
100
41
41
89

Re

0.00
0.00
0.16
1.29
0.00
0.00
0.84
1.62
0.00
0.13
0.23
0.13
0.71
1.60
0.68
2.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.07
0.00
1.65
0.98
0.44

r
Fo

ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.70
0.81
1.00
0.87
0.83
0.83
0.78
0.66
0.85
0.78
0.45
0.96
0.47
0.54
0.40
0.75
0.94
0.66
0.70
0.67
0.99
0.72
0.81
0.67
0.82

1.70
1.70
2.49
2.62
2.57
1.54
2.34
3.38
2.23
2.10
2.54
2.61
2.69
2.85
2.26
2.66
1.95
2.89
2.51
2.39
3.07
2.05
2.13
3.00
2.66

Page 38 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 39 of 82

Turkish Age
of
Acquisition_
SD

4
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
3
4
3
2
6
1
2
1
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
2

Word
Frequency

ew

On

8
4
6
4
7
4
3
2
7
11
7 NA
5
13
3
5
3
4
4
14
5
3
5
5
5
3
5
8
3
6
5
5
4
7
4
4
5
7
5
6
7
5
5
4

0.82
42.50
3.06
4.97
11.10
23.50
37.10
15.51
1.89
0.71
4.76
0.02
49.59
8.14
6.93
7.20
1.22
0.13
5.96
64.89
43.17
10.77
18.40
12.51
9.61
9.93
80.92
14.69
183.33
3.27
19.35
0.42
4.28
20.27
66.90
4.78
8.79
34.52
15.36
4.26
9.38
12.34

ly

0.79
0.55
0.64
0.45
0.63
0.64
0.57
0.98
1.24
1.17
0.47
0.91
0.71
0.79
1.21
0.59
1.28
0.64
1.20
1.20
1.29
0.54
1.18
0.45
0.45
0.37
0.25
0.77
1.15
1.34
0.45
0.75
1.16
1.29
0.74
0.81
1.07
0.30
1.05
1.33
1.05
1.35
0.83

Number of
Letters/
Phonemes

vi

1.81
1.63
1.41
1.25
1.38
1.09
1.22
1.00
1.66
1.22
1.66
1.06
1.50
1.63
1.03
1.03
1.22
1.34
1.22
1.56
1.28
1.44
1.31
1.38
1.28
1.16
1.34
1.34
1.38
1.16
1.28
1.03
1.28
1.19
1.13
1.09
1.31
1.19
1.56
1.50
1.16
1.38
1.28

Turkish
Visual
Complexity_ Number of
SD
syllables

Re

1.29
0.87
0.62
0.76
0.79
0.75
0.69
0.78
0.94
1.22
0.90
0.91
1.08
0.98
1.06
1.09
1.09
1.16
1.03
1.11
1.01
0.99
1.13
1.19
1.11
0.92
0.90
1.15
0.72
1.13
0.99
0.75
1.23
1.01
1.11
1.09
1.02
0.88
0.97
1.03
1.01
0.96
1.03

Turkish
Visual
Complexity_
M

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 40 of 82

1
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2

ew

On

3
3
5
5
5
4
6
7
6
8
5
5
5
6
4
6
4
6
5
7
5
5
5
6
4
3
6
5
4
5
5
4
4
4
6
7
5
5
6
5
3
4
3
3
6
5
6
5

14.17
49.59
12.40
60.52
9.28
43.21
1.45
4.13
11.21
16.39
35.51
27.03
0.69
31.02
3.25
107.22
317.43
0.80
19.56
2.35
6.82
2.52
54.21
19.33
9.04
8.29
7.62
9.00
34.02
43.40
50.85
17.25
104.95
1.36
21.20
0.02
9.15
5.96
16.20
48.06
9.00
7.35
300.60
1.57
39.22
70.89
21.62
86.69

ly

0.45
1.23
0.47
1.27
1.05
1.11
0.63
1.38
0.57
0.91
0.84
0.94
0.80
1.30
0.74
0.47
0.25
0.98
0.84
0.30
0.47
0.54
0.63
1.14
0.42
0.18
0.25
0.81
0.18
0.18
0.95
0.87
0.25
0.42
1.16
0.97
0.87
0.94
1.04
0.84
0.39
0.30
0.91
0.55
0.25
1.11
0.72
1.17

vi

1.16
1.75
1.25
1.31
1.31
1.38
1.50
1.88
1.53
1.13
1.13
1.59
1.53
1.59
1.72
1.09
1.38
1.19
1.47
1.84
1.44
1.59
1.63
1.34
1.28
1.63
1.06
1.19
1.41
1.22
1.34
1.13
1.22
1.38
1.09
1.38
1.84
1.44
1.59
1.38
1.38
1.03
1.50
1.31
1.13
1.28
1.06
1.38

Re

0.87
1.23
0.81
1.07
1.13
1.11
1.09
0.97
0.95
0.87
0.85
0.91
0.80
1.00
0.80
0.80
0.99
0.89
0.87
0.78
0.64
0.67
0.87
0.67
0.70
0.55
0.99
0.65
0.69
0.65
0.95
0.85
0.95
0.79
1.02
0.58
1.05
0.82
0.89
0.85
0.59
0.80
0.90
0.83
1.00
0.96
0.69
0.88

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
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Page 41 of 82

1
2
2
6
1
2
2
3
3
2
1
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
5
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

ew

On

4
5
4
13 NA
4
5
5
8
7
4
3
6
6
6
7
4
5
4
7
5
5
3
5
2
4
4
5
4
10
2
2
3
10
5
7
9
7
7
5
8
6
6
5
5
6
5
5
5

3.02
10.77
91.98
0.46
7.87
15.59
0.78
7.51
3.63
23.55
2.39
37.04
7.05
3.88
12.21
0.63
25.81
2.79
7.64
85.64
26.38
12.84
269.48
1.74
0.67
12.40
69.15
9.38
70.87
218.40
3.15
0.17
6.82
0.46
1.70
38.11
10.66
23.04
14.17
0.40
43.99
17.61
24.15
8.54
2.43
0.04
4.26

ly

0.91
1.31
0.81
0.91
0.00
0.18
0.72
0.18
0.37
0.51
0.39
0.63
0.39
0.34
0.53
1.07
1.02
0.72
0.49
0.91
0.25
0.98
0.47
0.25
1.28
0.64
0.61
0.95
0.49
1.02
0.30
0.53
0.93
1.33
1.21
0.63
0.81
0.18
0.80
0.87
0.00
0.00
1.14
0.97
0.82
1.13
1.10
0.75

vi

1.72
1.50
1.19
1.31
1.72
1.13
1.31
1.69
1.53
1.19
1.19
1.91
1.03
1.09
1.13
1.22
1.47
1.53
1.53
1.22
1.28
1.84
1.06
1.28
1.06
1.78
1.13
1.00
1.66
1.41
1.25
1.28
1.47
1.28
1.31
1.25
1.25
1.47
1.13
1.09
1.19
1.59
1.13
1.00
1.63
1.69
1.34
1.16

Re

0.96
0.92
1.00
1.08
0.64
0.64
0.96
0.61
0.82
0.88
0.76
0.64
0.79
0.78
0.75
0.90
0.93
0.70
0.79
0.81
0.84
0.97
0.96
0.78
1.03
0.97
1.03
1.06
0.87
0.70
0.77
0.67
0.62
0.78
0.84
0.77
1.01
1.02
0.94
1.05
0.79
0.97
0.93
0.87
0.94
0.98
0.84
0.81

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 42 of 82

2
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
2
2
3
3
4
2
2
2
4
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
1
1
2
2
3
4
2
2
3
4
3
2

ew

On

5
5
7
5
7
6
2
5
3
4
6
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
8
8
6
6
8
7
9
6
5
5
11
7
5
6
5
6
4
6
4
3
5
4
7
9
6
5
8
9
8
5

37.88
12.23
0.84
17.33
3.88
9.19
286.52
24.13
42.37
17.12
17.61
7.83
0.34
3.17
22.12
27.72
1.55
24.76
17.50
1.11
3.38
8.79
11.56
4.76
0.23
7.09
6.40
36.68
1.68
0.99
19.41
15.72
10.60
0.99
1.32
1.51
0.31
5.94
8.10
3.63
25.58
0.40
18.85
15.59
1.24
6.11
0.94
7.64

ly

0.34
0.81
0.25
0.87
1.01
1.11
0.98
1.11
0.66
0.34
1.16
0.34
0.45
0.49
0.89
0.94
0.94
1.16
0.34
1.58
0.64
0.87
0.79
0.47
1.39
0.00
0.30
0.78
0.25
0.66
0.39
1.47
0.57
1.26
1.36
0.00
1.22
0.73
1.59
0.55
0.34
1.21
0.94
0.30
0.59
1.37
0.99
0.85

vi

1.50
1.03
1.56
1.13
1.16
1.22
1.09
1.69
1.56
1.16
1.31
1.06
1.16
1.28
1.25
1.09
1.28
1.31
1.28
1.44
1.38
1.06
1.22
1.66
1.84
1.91
1.19
1.16
1.00
1.34
1.38
1.56
1.25
1.72
1.19
1.09
1.09
1.75
1.25
1.16
1.34
1.34
1.31
1.53
1.66
1.09
1.31
1.31

Re

0.82
0.83
0.71
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.99
1.15
1.01
1.09
1.11
0.88
0.74
0.76
1.01
0.87
0.67
0.90
0.88
0.98
0.99
0.75
0.72
0.95
0.98
0.86
0.85
0.98
0.80
1.00
0.94
0.99
0.75
0.92
0.89
0.94
0.85
0.92
0.87
0.79
0.67
0.88
0.97
0.96
1.08
0.95
0.88
0.96

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
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60

Page 43 of 82

6
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
4
4
4
2
2
4
2
3
2
3
2
4
2
3
7
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
9
2

ew

On

17
5
7
5
6
6
6
7
7
5
4
9
9
10
5
6
8
4
7
5
9
5
10
5
7
15 NA
5
5
6
6
6
4
5
5
5
4
5
8
4
7
10
5
6
6
6
6
23
6

0.06
1.07
0.61
7.28
4.18
9.40
0.57
3.50
2.73
5.73
1.55
0.94
0.02
0.02
35.30
14.69
22.87
9.67
0.19
1.18
2.73
25.54
0.15
9.23
11.46
9.57
16.94
3.53
75.23
1.07
84.26
4.68
6.11
150.70
3.34
9.36
2.31
34.02
147.30
114.94
1.01
0.55
39.22
5.29
8.54
0.19
39.22

ly

0.94
0.98
0.34
0.42
1.01
1.37
1.27
0.30
0.98
0.66
0.78
0.86
0.39
0.81
0.81
0.55
1.19
0.59
1.24
1.55
0.93
1.36
1.29
0.72
0.94
0.86
1.21
1.41
0.57
1.01
1.14
1.52
0.47
0.45
0.45
1.26
0.88
0.87
0.98
0.88
1.21
1.16
1.05
1.19
0.69
0.90
1.42
0.18

vi

1.28
1.63
1.09
1.59
1.16
1.53
1.19
1.44
1.06
1.09
1.44
1.16
1.78
1.44
1.34
1.13
1.19
1.47
1.56
1.91
1.50
1.72
1.13
1.19
1.34
2.09
1.34
1.06
1.28
1.03
1.16
1.63
1.41
1.41
1.09
1.19
1.16
1.13
1.06
1.25
1.38
1.28
1.69
1.13
1.19
1.44
1.44
1.19

Re

0.94
0.85
0.77
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
1.16
0.91
0.95
0.97
0.95
0.96
0.98
1.05
1.12
0.85
0.92
0.97
1.01
0.95
0.80
0.92
0.81
0.76
0.96
0.94
0.94
0.88
1.09
0.90
0.97
0.92
1.09
0.76
0.89
0.85
1.04
1.07
0.88
0.98
1.04
0.83
1.00
1.07
1.07
0.92
0.95

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
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57
58
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60

Page 44 of 82

0.18
1.52
1.11
1.53
0.77
0.62
0.34
0.62
1.34
0.25
1.10
0.85
0.94
0.64
0.64
0.95
0.87
1.08
0.89
1.16
1.16
0.42
0.30
0.86
0.18

3
4
2
5
1
2
2
3
4
3
2
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
2
5
3
2
3
2

7
11
5
14
4
4
6
8
10
7
4
5
5
5
9
6
6
4
8
5
12
7
5
7
5

25.56
0.97
2.22
0.23
35.95
67.78
15.09
0.78
9.65
5.58
3.74
2.06
9.57
60.52
0.25
1.76
7.87
12.19
3.44
5.33
0.40
31.19
13.43
38.11
0.86

ew

vi

1.03
1.00
1.84
1.50
1.75
1.53
1.47
1.50
1.38
1.31
1.47
1.31
1.41
1.53
1.41
1.28
1.28
1.78
1.59
1.16
1.59
1.59
1.09
1.03
1.78

Re

0.97
0.95
0.95
0.89
0.84
0.81
0.80
0.90
0.94
0.89
0.76
1.02
0.86
0.90
0.89
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.98
0.82
1.01
0.94
1.04
0.79
0.95

r
Fo

ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 45 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 46 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 47 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 48 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 49 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 50 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 51 of 82

r
Fo
ew

vi

Re
ly

On

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 52 of 82

coat
Ceket
Ceket
aspargus Kukonmaz
Ayrelli
barn
Ahr
Ahr
raccoon
Rakun
Tilki
Elektrik dmesi Dme
light switch
dresser
ifoniyer
Komidin
bowl
Kase
Kase
jacket
Ceket
Ceket
garbage canp tenekesi
p
watering can Su szgeci
Szge
leopard
Leopar
Kaplan
blouse
Bluz
Gmlek
pot
Tencere
Tava
lobster
stakoz
stakoz
sail boat
Yelkenli
Yelken
trumpet
Trompet
Saksafon
french horn
Korno
Saksafon
lettuce
Marul
Marul
peach
eftali
eftali
couch
Kanepe
Koltuk
football
Futbol Amerikan Topu
eagle
Kartal
Kartal
spool of thread plik
plik
celery
Kereviz
Kereviz
flute
Flt
Flt
fence
it
it
mountain
Da
Da
snail
Salyangoz Salyangoz
wagon
Yk vagonu
Araba
wine glassarap barda Kadeh
cap
Kasket
apka
chisel
Keski
Keski
nut
Somun
Vida
baby carriage
ocuk arabas
Bebek Arabas
football helmet Kask
Kask
traffic lights Trafik Trafik lambas
ashtray
Kl tablas Kl tablas
axe
Balta
Balta
belt
Kemer
Kemer
box
Kutu
Kutu
leg
Bacak
Bacak
mouse
Fare
Fare
nail file
Trp
Trp
sheep
Koyun
Koyun

ew

vi

Re

56
54
50
56
57
57
56
55
56
55
56
56
56
55
55
57
56
56
57
57
54
57
56
52
57
55
56
57
56
56
56
57
56
57
57
56
56
57
57
57
57
57
55
56

43
22
30
23
33
39
48
47
59
13
59
36
45
56
78
33
25
59
79
63
43
56
48
44
49
67
89
68
23
41
77
21
43
86
72
52
61
89
91
93
95
95
78
73

ly

On

64
11
17
183
139
79
34
125
102
251
136
29
179
142
193
243
99
137
163
67
95
82
214
51
92
87
148
208
249
258
46
56
156
13
96
239
10
12
26
35
134
149
152
202

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

2.24
2.63
2.76
2.42
2.37
2.33
2.04
1.95
1.78
2.43
1.68
2.03
1.67
1.54
1.12
1.62
1.70
1.44
0.82
1.25
1.79
1.59
1.52
1.48
1.40
1.04
0.66
1.20
1.60
1.65
1.04
1.61
1.25
0.59
0.66
1.29
1.17
0.56
0.55
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.62
1.03

Page 53 of 82

toaster
Ekmek kzartma
Ekmek
makinesi
kzartma makinesi
56
bee
Ar
Sinek
57
spinning wheel krk eirme makinasi 57
record player
Pikap
Gramofon
57
suitcase
Bavul
Bavul
56
boot
izme
izme
56
doorknob Kap tokma
Kulp
57
thimble
Yksk
Yksk
56
56
windmill YeldeirmeniYeldeirmeni
arrow
Ok
Ok
56
duck
rdek
rdek
56
gorilla
Goril
Goril
57
lamp
Lamba
Abajur
56
toe
Ayak parma Parmak
57
ant
Karnca
Karnca
57
barrel
F
F
56
bow
Fiyonk
Kurdela
57
broom
Sprge
Sprge
56
car
Araba
Araba
56
church
Kilise
Kilise
57
cigar
Puro
Puro
57
cloud
Bulut
Bulut
56
flower
iek
iek
56
frying pan
Tava
Tava
56
goat
Kei
Kei
57
grasshopper ekirge
ekirge
55
nail
ivi
ivi
56
ostrich
Devekuu Devekuu
57
paintbrush Boya fras
Fra
57
pineapple
Ananas
Ananas
57
pitcher
Srahi
Srahi
55
pliers
kerpeten
Pens
56
sandwich
Sandvi
Sandvi
55
saw
Testere
Testere
57
skunk
Kokarca
Kokarca
57
spider
rmcek
rmcek
56
stool
Tabure
Tabure
57
swan
Kuu
Kuu
57
sweater
Kazak
Kazak
57
swing
Salncak
Salncak
56
violin
Keman
Keman
57
zebra
Zebra
Zebra
56

ew

vi

Rossion &
Pourtois
Turkish
English
Intended
name
Name

Turkish
Modal
Name

45
46
28
30
64
61
53
32
64
71
89
82
50
65
93
70
77
96
91
88
93
91
96
95
91
91
96
86
91
86
91
71
96
65
74
93
82
86
74
95
84
89

ly

On

Rossion &
Pourtois
Number

Re

234
23
213
184
221
31
77
230
256
8
81
108
132
235
5
18
33
37
47
57
58
62
91
101
107
110
151
159
161
173
175
176
195
196
206
212
218
223
224
225
248
260

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Number
of
subjects

1.25
1.48
1.50
1.46
1.26
1.24
1.21
1.18
1.07
0.93
0.53
0.72
1.19
1.10
0.26
0.83
0.84
0.26
0.50
0.44
0.26
0.44
0.26
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.26
0.28
0.27
0.37
0.37
0.70
0.26
0.97
0.80
0.27
0.63
0.51
0.90
0.26
0.71
0.44

% of all
subjects H Statistic

Page 54 of 82

accordion Akordeon Akordeon

airplane
Uak
Uak
alligator
Timsah
Timsah
anchor
apa
apa
apple
Elma
Elma
arm
Kol
Kol
artichoke
Enginar
Enginar
ball
Top
Top
balloon
Balon
Balon
banana
Muz
Muz
baseball bat
Beysbol sopas
Beysbol sopas
basket
Sepet
Sepet
bear
Ay
Ay
bed
Yatak
Yatak
beetle
Bcek
Bcek
bell
Zil
Zil
bicycle
Bisiklet
Bisiklet
bird
Ku
Ku
book
Kitap
Kitap
bottle
ie
ie
bread
Ekmek
Ekmek
brush
Fra
Fra
bus
Otobs
Otobs
butterfly
Kelebek
Kelebek
button
Dme
Dme
cake
Kek
Pasta
camel
Deve
Deve
candle
Mum
Mum
cannon
Byk top
Top
carrott
Havu
Havu
cat
Kedi
Kedi
caterpillar
Trtl
Trtl
chain
Zincir
Zincir
chair
Sandalye
Sandalye
cherry
Kiraz
Kiraz
chicken
Tavuk
Tavuk
cigarette
Sigara
Sigara
clock
Saat
Saat
clothespin
Mandal
Mandal
clown
Palyao
Palyao
comb
Tarak
Tarak
corn
Msr
Msr
cow
nek
nek
crown
Ta
Ta
cup
Fincan
Fincan
deer
Geyik
Geyik
desk
Masa
Masa

ew

vi

Re

56
56
57
57
57
57
57
54
56
57
56
54
57
56
57
56
55
57
57
55
57
57
56
56
57
57
57
55
56
56
57
56
55
54
56
56
56
55
57
55
56
55
56
56
57
56
57

45
96
95
47
100
100
81
100
100
89
75
93
100
100
68
91
98
98
100
98
100
98
100
100
100
65
100
100
75
100
100
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
98
100
100
93
98
93
89
100

ly

On

1
2
3
4
6
7
9
14
15
16
19
20
21
22
24
25
27
28
30
32
36
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
48
49
50
52
53
54
55
59
60
61
63
65
66
68
69
70
71
72

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.24
0.13
0.13
0.73
0
0
0.15
0
0
0.49
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.43
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.37
0.24
0.00

Page 55 of 82

ew

vi

On

57
57
57
57
57
57
55
57
56
57
56
57
56
55
56
54
56
57
56
56
57
56
56
57
56
55
54
57
55
56
55
57
55
57
57
56
57
57
55
56
56
55
56
56
56
56
56

100
79
98
100
98
65
100
100
89
98
100
100
98
95
100
100
91
98
96
100
100
100
100
100
63
100
100
100
100
32
98
98
100
100
100
100
100
93
93
98
96
100
100
100
98
73
100

ly

dog
Kpek
Kpek
doll
Bebek
Bebek
donkey
Eek
Eek
door
Kap
Kap
dress
Elbise
Elbise
drum
Davul
Davul
ear
Kulak
Kulak
elephant
Fil
Fil
envelope
Zarf
Zarf
eye
Gz
Gz
finger
Parmak
Parmak
fish
Balk
Balk
flag
Bayrak
Bayrak
fly
Sinek
Sinek
foot
Ayak
Ayak
fork
atal
atal
fox
Tilki
Tilki
frog
Kurbaa
Kurbaa
giraffe
Zrafa
Zrafa
glass
Bardak
Bardak
glasses
Gzlk
Gzlk
gloves
Eldiven
Eldiven
grapes
zm
zm
guitar
Gitar
Gitar
gun
Silah
Silah
hair
Sa
Sa
hammer
eki
eki
hand
El
El
hanger
Ask
Ask
harp
Harp
Harp
hat
apka
apka
heart
Kalp
Kalp
helicopter Helikopter Helikopter
horse
At
At
house
Ev
Ev
iron
t
t
ironing boardt Tahtas t masas
kangaroo
Kanguru
Kanguru
kettle
aydanlk aydanlk
key
Anahtar
Anahtar
kite
Uurtma
Uurtma
knife
Bak
Bak
ladder
Merdiven
Merdiven
leaf
Yaprak
Yaprak
lemon
Limon
Limon
light bulb
Ampl
Ampl
lion
Aslan
Aslan

Re

73
74
75
76
78
80
83
84
85
86
88
89
90
93
94
97
98
100
103
104
105
106
109
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
126
127
128
129
130
131
133
135
138
140

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.00
0.74
0.13
0.00
0.13
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.23
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.84
0.00

Page 56 of 82

lips
Dudak
Dudak
lock
Kilit
Kilit
Eldiven (Tek Parmakl)
Eldiven
mitten
monkey
Maymun
Maymun
moon
Ay
Ay
motorcycle Motosiklet
Motor
mushroom
Mantar
Mantar
necklace
Kolye
Kolye
needle
ine
ine
nose
Burun
Burun
onion
Soan
Soan
orange
Portakal
Portakal
owl
Bayku
Bayku
pants
Pantolon
Pantolon
peacock
Tavuskuu Tavuskuu
peanut
Fstk
Fstk
pear
Armut
Armut
pen Tkenmezkalem Kalem
pencil KurunkalemKurunkalem
penguin
Penguen
Penguen
pepper
Biber
Biber
piano
Piyano
Piyano
pig
Domuz
Domuz
pipe
Pipo
Pipo
plug
Fi
Fi
pocketbook
anta
anta
potato
patates
patates
pumpkin
Balkaba Balkaba
rabbit
Tavan
Tavan
refrigerator Buzdolab Buzdolab
rhinoceros Gergedan Gergedan
ring
Yzk
Yzk
rocking chair
Sallanan sandalye
Sallanan sandalye
roller skate
Paten
Paten
rolling pin
Merdane
Merdane
rooster
Horoz
Horoz
ruler
Cetvel
Cetvel
salt shaker
Tuzluk
Tuzluk
scissors
Makas
Makas
screw
Vida
Vida
screwdriver Tornavida Tornavida
sea horse
Deniz at
Deniz at
seal
Fok Bal Fok Bal
shirt
Gmlek
Gmlek
shoe
Ayakkab
Ayakkab
skirt
Etek
Etek
sled
Kzak
Kzak

ew

vi

Re

57
56
56
55
56
56
56
56
57
56
56
56
57
56
56
57
56
56
57
56
56
55
57
54
57
56
57
56
54
56
56
56
57
56
57
57
55
56
56
56
56
56
57
57
56
57
57

100
96
96
95
82
52
95
98
93
100
100
96
100
98
91
93
98
98
100
96
95
100
98
81
67
100
93
98
100
93
75
93
51
73
44
100
100
91
100
82
91
88
84
100
100
98
60

ly

On

141
143
144
145
146
147
150
153
154
155
157
158
160
162
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
174
177
178
180
181
182
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
194
197
198
199
200
201
203
204
205
207

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.68
1.00
0.00
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.13
0.48
0.84
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.43
0.37
1.00
0.50
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.46
0.23
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.77

Page 57 of 82

snake
Ylan
Ylan
snowman KardanadamKardanadam
socks
orap
orap
spoon
Kak
Kak
squirrel
Sincap
Sincap
star
Yldz
Yldz
stove
Frn
Ocak
strawberry
ilek
ilek
sun
Gne
Gne
table
Masa
Masa
telephone
Telefon
Telefon
television Televizyon Televizyon
tennis racketTenis raketi
Raket
thumb
Baparmak
Parmak
tie
Kravat
Kravat
tiger
Kaplan
Kaplan
tomato
Domates
Domates
toothbrush Di fras Di fras
top
Topa
Topa
train
Tren
Tren
tree
Aa
Aa
truck
Kamyon
Kamyon
turtle
kaplumbaakaplumbaa
umbrella
emsiye
emsiye
vase
Vazo
Vazo
vest
Yelek
Yelek
watch
Kol Saati
Kol Saati
watermelon
Karpuz
Karpuz
well
kuyu
Kuyu
wheel
Tekerlek
Tekerlek
whistle
Ddk
Ddk
window
Pencere
Pencere
wrench ngiliz anahtar Anahtar

ew

vi

Re

56
57
56
57
56
56
55
56
57
56
56
56
55
57
57
55
57
57
57
55
56
56
57
56
55
54
56
57
56
55
56
55
56

100
96
100
100
98
100
55
100
100
96
100
100
91
53
100
98
100
100
74
100
100
73
100
98
96
98
82
100
91
100
98
100
41

ly

On

209
210
211
215
216
217
219
220
222
226
227
228
229
231
232
233
236
237
238
240
241
242
244
245
246
247
250
252
253
254
255
257
259

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.24
1.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.00
0.13
0.23
0.13
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98

Page 58 of 82

7
1
3
1

2
3
3
8
6

18
1
2
1

13
17
1
1

18

13
4

13
11

7
1

ly

On

4
9
4

ew

5
5

vi

6
1

Re

2
4

1
Pards (overcoat)
11
2 Kukonmaz (asparagus)
9
3
Kulbe (cottage)
7
6
Rakun (racoon)
10
6
Priz (socket)
8
ifoniyer (dresser)
11
1
Tas (bowl)
14
Palto (coat)
16
1 p bidonu (garbage bin) 10
12
Sulama
kab (watering container)
5
Leopar (leopard)
14
1
Ceket (jacket)
20
Tencere (pan)
21
4
Yenge (crab)
12
1
Gemi (ship)
4
11
Trompet (trumpet)
4
15
Trompet (trumpet)
4
1
Lahana (cabbage)
14
Mor erik (purple plum)
3
Kanepe (couch)
18
2
Futbol (football)
8
ahin (falcon)
11
1
Makara (spool)
21
6
Prasa (leek)
8
Klarinet (clarinet)
9
4
Korkuluk (railing)
6
Doruk (peak)
2
1 Smkl bcek (slug)
13
El arabas (wagon)
8
9
1
Kadeh (glass)
18
1
Kasket (casket)
7
9
Keski (chisel)
5
7
Somun (nut)
6
3 ocuk arabas (pram)
2
2
Kasket (casket)
2
Trafik (traffic lights) 24
Kllk (ashtray)
19
Nacak (axe)
3
Tasma (
3
Oturak (low stool)
1
1
Baldr (calf)
1
San (rat)
1
4
Bak (knife)
3
Kuzu (lamb)
13

r
Fo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

Page 59 of 82

1
1
6
6

4
3
13
5

4
12

1
9
4

1
1
1
2
1
4

Tost Makinasi (toaster)

20
Ar (bee)
17
Diki
10
5 makinesi (sewing machine)
6
Plak (record)
17
Valiz (luggage)
14
Bot (boot)
18
2
Tokmak (knocker)
17
Diki9 parmakl (sewing finger attire)
5
2
Deirmen (mill)
11
3
aret (sign)
10
Kaz (goose)
3
1
Maymun (monkey)
6
3
Lamba (lamp)
21
Baparmak (thumb)
18
1
Bcek (insect)
1
3
Varil (barrel)
9
Fiyonk (bow)
11
Sapl Krek (spade)
1
Otomobil (automobile)
4
1
Cami (mosque)
3
1
Sigara (cigarette)
1
Kar (snow)
3
Gl (rose)
1
Tencere (pan)
2
1
Olak (kid)
2
Sinek (fly)
2
Kalem (pencil)
1
Leylek (stork)
1
1
Kalem (pencil)
1
Yerelmas
(Jerusalem artichoke)2
2
Vazo (vase)
2
2
Kerpeten (pliers)
6
Tost (toast)
1
3
Bk (saw)
14
Sincap (squirrel)
9
2
Bcek (insect)
1
1
Oturak (low stool)
6
1
Kaz (goose)
4
Hrka (jumper)
13
1
Beik (cradle)
1
Gitar (guitar)
8
2
Zrafa (Giraffe)
3

1
1

6
1
2
1
6

Don't
Don't
Know the Know the Tip Of the Nondominant
Tongue
name
Object
Name

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Page 60 of 82

10

3
2

2
1

18Gramofon (gramophone)
1
Tayyare (aeroplane)
Kertenkele (lizard)
2
8
Demir (anchor)

1
1
1
7

Prasa (leek)

Banana (banana)
Sopa (club)

6
9

Kara Fatma (beetle)

an (bell)
Velesbit (bicycle)
Kanarya (canary)

6
5
1
1

r
Fo
1

Re

arap (wine)

Tarak (comb)

ew

vi
Kek (cake)

20

3 Top Arabas (cannon cart)

On

Krkayak (centipede)

ly

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60

Maa (clothes peg)

Bebek (doll)

15
1

kz (bull)

Bardak (glass)
Ceylan (fawn)

4
2

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4

Page 61 of 82

r
Fo
1

ocuk (child)
Tay (foal)

12
1

Bluz (blouse)
Trompet (trumpet)

1
14

Mektup (letter)
Nazar (evil eye)

6
1

flama (flag)
Bcek (insect)

1
1

Kurt (wolf)
Kaplumbaa (turtle)
Zebra (zebra)

3
1
1

vi

Re

Tabanca (gun)

ew

21

On

14

15

Lir (lyr)
Ftr (felt hat)
Yrek (heart)

4
1
1

3
1

Koala (koala bear)

Demlik (teapot)
Kilit (lock)

1
2
1

Eki (lemon)
Lamba (lamp)

1
15

ly

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Page 62 of 82

1
1
3

Anahtar (key)

Hilal (crescent)
Motosiklet (motorcycle)

10
27

Gerdanlk (necklace)
uvaldz (hook needle)

1
1

Aortman (jogging bottoms)

2
2
Fasulye (bean)
Ananas (pineapple)
Penna (pen)

3
1

1
1

r
Fo
2

Re

Dolma (stuffed food)

2
2

Su aygr (hippopotamus)
1
Puro (cigar)
1
Priz (socket)
Ekmek (bread)

2
2

1
3
1

buzluk (refrigerator)
6 Su aygr (hippopotamus)
tekta (solitaire)
Sandalye (chair)
2
5 Buz Pateni (ice skate)
4
Oklava (rolling pin)

Tuz (salt)
1
4

1
2
1
4

1
5
14
2

3
ivi (nail)
1 Gatsavida (screwdriver)
1
Kertenkele (lizard)
5

Elbise (dress)
Kayak (ski)

4
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4
25
5
25

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Page 63 of 82

Kartopu (snowball)

Frn (oven)

24

Sehpa (side table)

Tenis (tennis)
Baparmak (thumb)

2
27

ita (cheetah)

Frldak (spinning top)

TIR (TIR)

15

1
1

r
Fo
3

vi

Re

Yamurluk (raincoat)
Kavanoz (jar)
Hrka (jumper)
Saat (clock/watch)
2

1
2
1
10

On

ew

7 ngiliz anahtar (wrench)

17

ly

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Page 64 of 82

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Re

Ceket (jacket)
Kynk (splinter)
iftlik (farm)
Kunduz (beaver)
Tu (key)
Masa (table)
Tabak (plate)
Gmlek (shirt)
p kovas (garbage bucket)
Sulama cihaz (watering device)
Kedi (cat)
Mont (bomber jacket)
Stlk (milk jug)
Deniz Istakozu (sea lobster)
Sandal (boat)
Klarinet (clarinet)
Boru (Pipe)
iek (flower)
Elma (apple)
ekyat (sofa bed)
Top (ball)
Akbaba (Vulture)
p (string)
Marul (lettuce)
fler (blower)
Parmaklk (railing)
Tepe (hill)
Solucan (earthworm)
Yk vagonu (wagon)
amdan (candle holder)
Takke (skull cap)
Katsavida (screwdriver)
Bilye (ball bearing)
Oyuncak araba (toy car)
Kep (cap)
Trafik Ik levhas (Traffic light signpost)
Sigaralk (ashtray)
Keser (adze)
Bileklik (wrist cuff)
Koli (package)
Diz kapa (Knee cap)
Mouse (mouse)
Zarf aaca (envelope opener
Ko (ram)

ly

5
9
5
6
5
10
6
6
5
5
3
8
4
3
3
4
4
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8
10
5
4
4
2
2
2
2
13
4
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

On

Manto (coat)
Kalem (pencil)
Ev (house)
Sincap (squirrel)
alter (switch)
ekmece (drawer)
Kap (container)
Mont (bomber jacket)
p kutusu (garbage box)
Su kovas (watering can)
ita (cheetah)
Bluz (blouse)
Cezve (pot)
Akrep (scorpion)
Yat (atch)
Borazan (trumpet)
Tremben (Trombone)
Maydanoz (parsley)
Kays (apricot)
Sofa (couch)
Rugby Topu (rugby ball)
Ku (bird)
Masura (bobbin)
Sebze (vegtable)
Kaval ( shepherd's pipe)
Bariyer (Barrier)
Zirve (peak)
Garavolli (snail)
Yk arabas (wheelbarrow)
Bardak (glass)
Kep (cap)
Trp (file)
Torna (screw)
Puet (stroller)
Helmet (helmet)
Iklar (lights)
Kl Taba (ashtray)
Balyoz (sledge hammer)
Kolan (belt)
Sandk (trunk)
Ayak (foot)
Kmes san (rat)
Kalem (pen)
Kei (goat)

r
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Page 65 of 82

Ekmek stc (bread warmer)

Bcek (insect)
krk (spinning wheel)
Pikap (record player)
anta (bag)
Ayakkab (shoe)
Kulp (handle)
Kova (bucket)
Pervane (propeller)
Sol (left)
Ku (bird)
Gergedan (rhino)
Ik (light)
Tirnak (nail)
Sinek (fly)
Bidon (oil drum)
Bant (band)
Fra (brush)
Taksi (taxi)
Kule (tower)
Kakalemi (eyebrow liner)
Da (mountain)
Meneke (violet)
Elek (sieve)
Teke (ram)
Bcek (insect)
Mh (nail)
Hindi (turkey)
Divit (ink pen)
Avakado (avacado)
Bardak (glass)
Makas (scissors)
Ekmek (bread)
Keser (adze)
San (rat)
Sinek (fly)
Sehba (side table)
rdek (duck)
Gmlek (shirt)
Sit (seat)
Mandolin (mandolin)
At (horse)

1
10
7
6
6
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Izgara (toast)

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Page 70 of 82

Kaban (half-length coat)

Dal (Branch)
Fabrika (Factory)
Sansar (marten)
Fi (plug)
Etajer (shelf)
anak (bowl)
Pards (overcoat)
plk (garbage dump)
Kova (bucket)
Aslan (lion)
Elbise (dress)
Cup (cup)
Deniz yengeci (sea crab)
Tekne (boat)
Ddk (whistle)
Zurna (clarion)
Gl (rose)
Meyve (fruit)
Divan (divan)

5
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
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2
2
2
2
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1
1
1
1
1

Mont (bomber jacket)

Odun (wood)
Samanlk (barn)
Kokarca (skunk)
Zil (bell)
Dolap (cupboard)
Vazo (vase)
Kaban (half-length coat)
p tenekesi (garbage can)
Surahi (pitcher)
Jaguar (jaguar)
Yelek (waistcoat)

Roka (rocket)

ew

vi

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4
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4
4
9
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
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1
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7
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Page 76 of 82

2
nlk (apron)
1
1
Baak (spike)
1
3 ato iftlii (Castle farm) 2
2
Kurt (wolf)
1
3Elektrik Anahtar (electrical key)2
1
Sandk (trunk)
1
2
Kavanoz (jar)
1
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1
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Palto (coat)
1

Asparagus (asparagus)
Ambar (barn)

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Konsol (console)

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