2)Calculate Number of Plate Earthing:

The Earth Resistance of Single Plate electrode is calculated as per IS 3040:

R=/A(3.14/A)
Where =Resistivity of Soil ( Meter), A=Area of both side of Plate (m2), Example: Calculate Number of CI Earthing Plate of 600600 mm, System has Fault current 65KA for 1 Sec and Soil Resistivity is 100 -Meters. Current Density At The Surface of Earth Electrode (As per IS 3043): Max. Allowable Current Density I = 7.571000/(xt) A/m2 Max. Allowable Current Density = 7.571000/(100X1)=757 A/m2 Surface area of both side of single 600600 mm Plate= 2 x lxw=2 x 0.060.06 = 0.72 m2 Max. current dissipated by one Earthing Plate = Current Density x Surface area of electrode Max. current dissipated by one Earthing Plate =7570.72= 545.04 Amps Resistance of Earthing Plate (Isolated)(R)=/A(3.14/A) Resistance of Earthing Plate (Isolated)(R)=100/0.72x(3.14/.072)=290.14 Number of Earthing Plate required =Fault Current / Max.current dissipated by one Earthing Pipe. Number of Earthing Plate required= 65000/545.04 = 119 Nos. Total Number of Earthing Plate required = 119 Nos. Overall resistance of 119 No of Earthing Plate=290.14/119= 2.438 .

(3)Calculating Resistance of Bared Earthing Strip:

1)Calculation for earth resistance of buried Strip (As per IEEE):

The Earth Resistance of Single Strip of Rod buried in ground is

R=/Px3.14xL (loge (2xLxL/Wxh)+Q)

Where =Resistivity of Soil ( Meter), h=Depth of Electrode (Meter), w=Width of Strip or Diameter of Conductor (Meter) L=Length of Strip or Conductor (Meter) P and Q are Coefficients

2)Calculation for earth resistance of buried Strip(As per IS 3043):

The Earth Resistance of Single Strip of Rod buried in ground is

R=100x/23.14xL (loge (2xLxL/Wxt))

Where =Resistivity of Soil ( Meter), L=Length of Strip or Conductor (cm) w=Width of Strip or Diameter of Conductor (cm) t= Depth of burial (cm) Example : Calculate Earthing Resistance of Earthing strip/wire of 36mm Diameter, 262 meter long buried at 500mm depth in ground, soil Resistivity is 65 Meter. Here R = Resistance of earth rod in W. r = Resistivity of soil( Meter) = 65 Meter l = length of the rod (cm) = 262m = 26200 cm d = internal diameter of rod(cm) = 36mm = 3.6cm h = Depth of the buried strip/rod (cm)= 500mm = 50cm Resistance of Earthing Strip/Conductor (R)=/23.14xL (loge (2xLxL/Wt)) Resistance of Earthing Strip/Conductor (R)=65/23.14x26200xln(2x26200x26200/3.650) Resistance of Earthing Strip/Conductor (R)== 1.7