N2 Reference Sheet General Properties TCRIT = -232.87 F ; PCRIT = 492.3 psi scf = 1ft3 @ (14.

7 PSI & 60 F) N2 Gas = .0724 lb/scf N2 Liq = 6.80 lb/gal 1 gal = 93.11 scf Foam FQ = %N2 100 Atomized N2 > 50% Nitrified N2 < 50% Foam 52% < N2 < 95%
(N2 with 1% Surfactant Emulsification in H2O)

Calculation Steps Pressure Testing 1. Determine Container Volume (bbl) 2. Using desired test press and temp determine N2 req (Temp is most likely the N2 temp from vaporizer) Pig Velocities 1. Using pig velocity determine # of feet traveled in 1 min 2. Find volume of container for found # of feet 3. Find required scf of N2 to fill this volume (this = scf/min) Displacement 1. Calc hydrostatic press of fluid in well at desired depth 2. Find pressure at depth due to nitrogen column (tables) 3. Calc avg press and temp over depth 4. Using capacity of tubing/casing calc required nitrogen Matrix Treatment 1. Calc hydrostatic press of fluid in well at desired depth 2. From down-hole rate determine N2 rate and Acid rate
[N2 rate (bpm) = DH rate x FQ] ; [Acid rate = DH rate x (1-FQ)]

Foam Frac 65% < N2 < 85%

(Generally 75% is used)

Foam = (N2 Gas x FQ) + (Liq x (1-FQ)) N2 Gas = Nitrogen Factors NVF = NFR =
(N2 Fluid Ratio)

Job Design (Temp & Press Used) Matrix: BHST & BHTP Fracturing: AFT & BHFP Displacement: AVT & AVP BHST = Bottom Hole Static Temp BHTP = Bottom Hole Treating Press AFT (Avg Frac Temp) = BHFP = Bottom Hole Fracture Press AVT = Avg Vertical Temp AVP = Avg Vertical Press Miscellaneous Cool down uses 200 gal liq N2 Blend Sand Conc =

3. Using bpm as container volume and hydrostatic press as BHTP find the scf of nitrogen required to fill that volume (this = scf/min) required at N2 pump Foam Densities 1. First determine the NVF 2. Find the density of N2 gas from equation in ppg 3. Calculate equivalent foam density from equation Drill Stem Testing 1. Find BHP for desired under-balance (BHP = FP UB) 2. Calc hydrostatic press of fluid remaining in the well below and above circulating valve, the above fluid is the desired cushion 3. Calc N2 pressure at top of fluid: (N2 = BHP HS)
4. Using depth of top of fluid and N2 pressure determine the STP (surface treating press) from the N2 gas column tables 5. Determine avg press and temp over column of N2 gas 6. Using these values determine NVF 7. Find volume of tubing to measured depth to determine volume of nitrogen required. 8. Add 10,000 scf and add 25% for losses and contingency