Chapter 3: Chemical Formulae and Equations

3.1 Relative Atomic Mass And Relative Molecular Mass

3.2 The Mole And The Number Of Particles Counting unit Number of Units A pair of socks 2 socks A dozen eggs 12 eggs A case of soft drinks 24 cans A gross of pencils 144 pencils A mole of carbon 6.02 x 10 particles

6.02 x 10 => This is the Avogadro's number. Symbol: N A (The A is supposed to be really small and at the bottom but I forgot how to do that...) - One mole of any substance is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many particles as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. The particles may be atoms, molecules, ions or electrons. Symbol for mole is n Symbol for its unit is mol. 1 mole of C atoms = 6.02 x 10 of C atoms 2 mole of Br 2(again supposed to be small and at the bottom. if any of you know how, please tell me...) = 2 x 6.02 x 10 of Br 2 molecules 3 mole of K+(small and at the top) ions = 3 x 6.02 x 10 of K+ ions. Therefore, Number of moles = Number or particles / Avogadro's number... 3.3 The Mole And Mass Of Substances
The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mol of a substance Formula: molar mass: number of moles of a substance x mass of a substance Therefore: number of moles of a substance= mass of a substance molar mass of a substance

3.4 The Mole And The Volume Of Gas

Molar Volume: the volume in one mol of any gas Formula: Molar volume of a gas = mass of a gas x number of moles of the gas Therefore: number of moles of the gas particle = mass of a gas molar volume of a gas

RTP: Room Temperature and Pressure (24 dm cubed) STP: Standard Temperature and Pressure (22.4 dm cubed)

3.5 Chemical Formulae

Empirical Formula: The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound. Molecular formula: The actual number of atoms of each element that are present in the molecule of the compound Ionic Formula: Made up of positively-charged ions (cations) and negatively-charged ions (anions) P.S. All ionic formulas are arranged by cations and then anions, EXCEPT organic salts.

3.6 Chemical Equations

Definition: representation of a chemical reaction using words or chemical formulae. Quantitative information: number of moles (ratio) Qualitative information : state of chemical, reactant, and product Description of a chemical equation in words:= Q reacts with P to form X. Working: 1. Write in words 2. Write in chemical formulae 3. Balance chemical equation 4. Add physical state (aq), (l), (s), (g) A balanced chemical equation must have the same number of atoms of each element on either side.