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niversidad !acional Pedro "ui# Gallo$ %v& 'uan ((III )*+$ Lamba,e-ue$ Per $./mail:lguevaram0unprg&edu&pe
Abstract
T1e te2t o3 t1e abstract goes 1ere& It s1ould be a single paragrap1 1as a bloc4 3ormat$ t1at is$ t1e 3irst line s1ould not be indented& T1e purpose o3 t1is section is to provide a brie3 and compre1ensive summar, o3 t1e stud,& It s1ould be accurate (do not include in3ormation 1ere t1at is not in t1e bod, o3 t1e manuscript)$ sel3/contained (spell out abbreviations)$ concise (+56 7ord ma2imum)$ and speci3ic (begin t1is section 7it1 t1e most important in3ormation and limit it to t1e 3our or 3ive most important concepts$ 3indings$ or implications o3 t1e stud,)& %s part o3 t1e t1eme o3 being concise$ use digits 3or all numbers e2cept 71en t1e, begin a sentence& %void citing re3erences in t1e abstract& Parap1rase rat1er t1an -uoting& se
active rat1er t1an passive voice (but 7it1out personal pronouns)& se past tense 3or procedures and present tense 3or results& It is a good idea to 7rite t1is section last& %lso notice t1at ever,t1ing about t1is manuscript is double spaced& T1e ne2t section begins on a ne7 page& I3 ,ou press and 1old do7n t1e ctrl 4e, 71ile ,ou press t1e enter 4e,$ M8 9ord 7ill 3orce a page brea4& Keywords: abbreviations: past tense: compre1ensive summar,: notice: single paragrap1&
Introduction
;egin t1e introduction 1ere& "et,pe ,our title and center it at t1e top o3 t1e introduction as indicated above& !otice t1at t1ese paragrap1s s1ould 1ave a normal (&< inc1) indent& T1e main purpose o3 t1is section is to tell t1e reader 71, ,ou per3ormed t1e stud,& In ot1er 7ords$ ,ou 1ave to in3orm t1e reader o3 t1e researc1 -uestion and indicate 71, it is important$ and 1o7 it is uni-ue 71en compared to previous studies& It starts out broad and becomes more and more speci3ic& =or e2ample$ ,ou mig1t begin b, de3ining an, relevant terms& T1en go on to revie7 t1e relevant literature& %void an e21austive and 1istorical revie7& T1en go on to ma4e clear t1e connection bet7een previous researc1 and t1e present 7or4& >ou mig1t include an, 1,pot1eses and t1e rationale 3or t1em& T1e 3inal paragrap1 usuall, contains a statement 71ic1 clearl, and e2plicitl, states 71, t1e stud, 7as per3ormed& T1us$ t1is section s1ould contain an absolute minimum o3 3our paragrap1s: t1e general introduction$ t1e literature revie7$ t1e connection o3 t1e present stud, to t1e literature and t1e e2plicit statement o3 purpose&
Method
Subjects or Participants Indicate 71o participated in t1e stud,$ 1o7 man,$ and 1o7 7ere t1e, selected& Include an, details 71ic1 are relevant to t1e stud, (e&g&$ gender$ age$ et1nicit,$ strain$ 7eig1t$ etc&)& I3 t1e sub?ects 7ere 1uman$ 71at t,pe o3 re7ard or motivation 7as used to encourage t1em to participate@
%ge %c-uired In3ormation How babies are made How babies are born Sexual intercourse Menstruation Nocturnal emissions Mean +6&+ +6&6 ++&E ++&E +5&< 8D 5&* )&+ 5&E 5&5 5&E
>oungest %ge Mean B&< B&D +6&D *&* +6&B 8D 5&B )&+ 5&E 5&+ 5&E
Aldest %ge Mean ++&* ++&E +)&+ +5&E +)&D 8D 5&C 5&B 5&E 5&+ 5&C
8TDFs G 8e2uall, transmitted diseases Table +& %verage %ges 8e2ual In3ormation 7as %c-uired Compared 7it1 t1e >oungest and Aldest %ges 8ub?ects ;elieved t1e In3ormation 81ould be %c-uired& (!ote: Please insert tables and 3igures$ toget1er 7it1 its caption$ in t1eir respective places 7it1in t1e article& I3 not possible$ insert a mar4 in t1e appropriate place&) Apparatus Describe 71at materials 7ere used and 1o7 t1e, 3unctioned in t1e stud,& I3 ,ou use a piece o3 e-uipment$ ,ou must give t1e model number$ compan,$ and state 71ere t1e compan, resides (as a t7o/letter abbreviation)& >ou must give t1e dimensions (and per1aps ot1er descriptive details) o3 an, important items used in t1e stud,& 8tandard e-uipment suc1 as 3urniture$ stop7atc1es$ pencils and paper$ can usuall, be mentioned 7it1out providing a lot o3 details& In 3act$ ,ou ma, o3ten simpl, mention t1ese items in passing as part o3 t1e procedure& ;e care3ul not to describe procedures in t1is section& Design Describe t1e design and clearl, spell out t1e independent and dependent variables& Indicate 71at t1e levels o3 t1e independent variables 7ere$ and 71et1er t1e 3actor(s) 7ere repeated$ matc1ed$ or independent& Describe 1o7 t1e sub?ects 7ere assigned to groups& Describe an, control procedures used&
Procedure Care3ull, summari#e eac1 step in t1e e2ecution o3 t1e stud,& Indicate 71at a t,pical test$ trial$ or session involved& Describe an, p1ases t1at t1e stud, 1ad or an, instructions t1at t1e sub?ects received& 91en re3erring to groups$ tr, to use descriptive labels&
=igure +& Percent o3 time married 3emales 1ave orgasm during intercourse 7it1 t1eir 1usbands& Data 3rom Hinse,$ Pomero,$ Martin$ Geb1ard (+*<))&
Results
Loo4 care3ull, at t1e results& T1at is$ ta4e a good 1ard loo4 at all t1ose numbers ,ou collect& T1in4 o3 di33erent 7a,s to summari#e t1em$ as 7ell as to ma4e sense o3 t1em& T1is section 7ill be easier to 7rite i3 ,ou ma4e an, tables andIor 3igures ,ou intend to use 3irst& ;rie3l, state t1e main 3indings in 7ords& T1at is$ 3irst give a general description$ t1en go into t1e details& 91en presenting t1e results o3 statistical tests$ give descriptive statistics be3ore t1e corresponding in3erential statistics& In ot1er 7ords$ give means andIor percentages (per1aps re3erring to a table or 3igure)$ be3ore tal4ing about t1e results o3 an, statistical tests ,ou per3ormed& 91en presenting means$ it is reasonable to use one additional digit o3 accurac, t1an 71at is contained in t1e ra7
data& 91en presenting nominal or ordinal data$ give t1e percents rat1er t1an 3re-uencies (since percents are independent o3 t1e sample si#e)& T1e general 3ormat 3or presenting an in3erential statistic is: 8tatistic(d3) G value$ probabilit, G value& !ote t1at e2act p values are pre3erred& %lso$ i3 t1e computer output sa,s t1e probabilit, is &6666$ t1en report it as &66+& 91en possible$ include some indication o3 e33ect si#e&
=igure 5& Mean number o3 trials to learn a passive avoidance tas4 as a 3unction o3 age and maternal et1anol consumption in rats& Data based on "ile,$ Loc4re, and 81apiro (+*C*)& 91en actuall, presenting t1e results$ tr, to emp1asi#e t1e meaning o3 t1e statistics& T1at is$ clearl, describe 71at it is ,ou are testing and 71at signi3icance means 3or t1e variables involved& Do not discuss t1e implications o3 t1e results in t1is section& Do not tal4 about t1e meaning o3 t1e alp1a level or t1e null 1,pot1esis& I3 ,ou are presenting a lot o3 material 1ere$ ,ou ma, 7is1 to emplo, sub1eadings (as is done in t1e met1ods section)& T1ese sub1eadings s1ould 1ave meaning and relevance to t1e data and s1ould 1elp to organi#e ,our presentation o3 it& In ot1er 7ords$ t1e, s1ould not be organi#ed b, t1e t,pe o3 anal,sis emplo,ed& 8ince t1is is not e2pected b, t1e reader$ it is a good idea to precede t1e sub1eadings 7it1 a paragrap1 in3orming t1e reader o3 t1e logical organi#ation o3 t1is section& ;e care3ul 7it1 t1e 7ord JproveJ& 8ince statistical tests are based on probabilit, and can be in error$ t1e, do not reall, prove an,t1ing& >ou can onl, use 7ording t1at implies causalit, i3 ,ou actuall, manipulated t1e independent variable (i&e&$ per3ormed an e2periment)&
Discussion
T1e purpose o3 t1is section is to evaluate and interpret t1e results$ especiall, 7it1 respect to t1e original researc1 -uestion& 8tart o33 7it1 a brie3$ non/tec1nical summar, o3 t1e results& In ot1er 7ords$ tell t1e reader about t1e main 3indings 7it1out using statistical terminolog,& T1en go on to discuss t1e implications o3 t1e results& It is also important to discuss 1o7 t1e results relate to t1e literature ,ou cited in t1e introduction& In ot1er 7ords$ emp1asi#e an, t1eoretical conse-uences o3 t1e results& >ou mig1t (or mig1t not) also mention an, limitations o3 t1e stud, and an, suggestions 3or 3uture researc1 in t1is section& =inall,$ ,ou need an ending paragrap1 in 71ic1 ,ou ma4e a 3inal summar, statement o3 t1e conclusions ,ou 1ave dra7n& >ou are also encouraged$ 71en appropriate$ to comment on t1e importance and relevance o3 ,our 3indings& Ho7 are ,our 3indings related to t1e big picture@ T1us$ t1is section s1ould contain an absolute minimum o3 t1ree paragrap1s: t1e non/ tec1nical summar,$ discussion o3 t1e results and t1eir implications$ and t1e concluding paragrap1&
References
HI!8.>$ %& C&$ Pomero,$ 9& ;&$ Martin$ C& .&$ Geb1ard$ P& H& (+*<))& 8aunders$ !e7 >or4& PLA!8H>$ M& (566D)& Ps,c1olog, 7it1 st,le: % 1,perte2t 7riting guide (Kersion <)& e%ual beha(ior in the human female. 9& ;&
1ttp:II777&u7sp&eduIps,c1IapaDb&1tm L%ccessed 'anuar, +C$ 566DM "IL.>$ .& P&$ Loc1r,$ .& %&$ 81apiro$ !& "& (+*C*)& Lac4 o3 response in1ibition in rats prenatall, e2posed to alco1ol& )sychopharmacology$ E5$ DC/<5&