UNETHICAL PRACTICES OF BRITISH PETROLEUM

GROUP MATES (Group-3) Prasanth

SUBMITTED TO Amit Kumar Sharma

Pooja Sahil Goel Fanaz Salim Mali

2/10/2014

British Petroleum Introduction BP PLC, also known as (19542000) British Petroleum, British petrochemical corporation that ecame one o! the worl"#s lar$est oil companies throu$h its mer$er with the %moco Corporation o! the &nite" 'tates in 199() BP was initiall* re$istere" on %pril 14, 1909, as the %n$lo+Persian ,il Compan*, Lt") -t was rename" the %n$lo+-ranian ,il Compan*, Lt"), in 19.5 an" chan$e" its name to the British Petroleum Compan* Limite" in 1954) /he name British Petroleum Compan* PLC was a"opte" in 19(2) %!ter mer$in$ with %moco in 199(, the corporation took the name BP %moco e!ore assumin$ the name BP PLC in 2000) /he compan*#s hea"0uarters are in Lon"on) /he %n$lo+Persian ,il Compan* was !orme" to take o1er an" !inance an oil+!iel" concession $rante" * the -ranian $o1ernment to an 2n$lish in1estor, 3illiam 4no5 6#%rc*) /he !irst success!ul oil wells were "rille" at 7as8e" 'ole*m9n, an" cru"e oil was pipe" to a re!iner* uilt at : 9"9n, !rom which the !irst car$o o! oil was e5porte" in 7arch 1912) ,ther -ranian !iel"s an" re!ineries were uilt, an" * 19.( : 9"9n ha" the lar$est sin$le re!iner* in the worl") /he concession was re1ise" in 19.., rie!l* suspen"e" in 19515., an" renewe" in 195. in a consortium with other oil companies) -n 1914 the British $o1ernment ecame the compan*#s principal stockhol"er an"

remaine" so) 2!!ecti1e ;anuar* 1, 1955, British Petroleum ecame a hol"in$ compan*) Be$innin$ in 19<<, the British $o1ernment re"uce" its ownership o! British Petroleum * sellin$ shares to the pu lic, an" in the late 19(0s the $o1ernment turne" o1er British Petroleum entirel* to pri1ate ownership * sellin$ its remainin$ shares) /his cleare" the wa* !or British Petroleum to ac0uire Britoil PLC, an in"epen"ent oil compan* that pro"uce" oil !rom the =orth 'ea !iel"s)

British Petroleum "e1elope" oil !iel"s an" uilt re!ineries in se1eral more countries, inclu"in$ ma8or interests in %laska#s Pru"hoe Ba* an" in the &nite" 4in$"om sector o! the =orth 'ea, where, in 19>5, British Petroleum ma"e the !irst commercial "isco1er* o! natural $as an", in 19<0, the !irst "isco1er* o! a ma8or oil !iel") Be$innin$ in 19<0, BP mer$e" its assets in the &nite" 'tates with those o! the 'tan"ar" ,il Compan* (,hio), in which BP ac0uire" a controllin$ interest) -n 19(< BP ac0uire" the remain"er o! the 'tan"ar" ,il Compan* !or almost ?( illion) -n mer$in$ with &)') oil $iant %moco in 199(, the newl* create" BP %moco ecame the one o! the lar$est petroleum concerns in the worl") /he corporation chan$e" its name to BP PLC !ollowin$ the ac0uisitions, in 2000, o! %tlantic @ich!iel" Compan* (known !or %@C, ran" $asoline in the western &nite" 'tates) an" Burmah Castrol (a lea"in$ British oil, $as, an" lu ricants compan*)) -n 2010 the o!!shore "rillin$ ri$ 6eepwater AoriBon, owne" * /ransocean an" lease" * BP, e5plo"e" an" collapse", causin$ a rupture in the riser o! a 1er* "eep oil well) %n estimate" 4)9 million arrels o! oil were release" into the Cul! o! 7e5icoDthe lar$est marine oil spill in histor*) /he compan* su se0uentl* pai" illions o! "ollars in "ama$es to in"i1i"uals an" usinesses a!!ecte" * the spill) -n 2012 BP a$ree" to pa* more than ?4)5 illion in !ines an" penalties to the &)') $o1ernment an" to plea" $uilt* to 14 criminal char$es) BP an" its su si"iaries an" associate" companies continue to en$a$e in the e5ploration, pro"uction, re!inin$, transportation, an" "istri ution o! oil an" natural $as an" in the manu!acture o! chemicals, plastics, an" s*nthetic !i res) -t operates con1enience stores an" !illin$ stations throu$h ran"s such as BP, %ral, %@C,, an" amEpm) BP operates in o1er (0 countries 3orl"wi"e (5900 emplo*ees ,peratin$ re1enues o! BP is aroun" ?.<5<>5 million BP owns 15 re!ineries across $lo e re!inin$ a out 2.54 thousan" arrels per "a*

Cas pro"uction at <,>09 million cu ic+!eet per+"a* Cas sales at 14,4<1 million cu ic+!eet per+"a* Chemicals Pro"uction at 22,0>5 thousan" tonnes BP solar is the worl"Fs lar$est solar electric compan*

Company Profile @enewa le 3in" 'olar Bio !uels Clean Coal /echnolo$ies A*"ro$en power an" pol*$eneration &n"er$roun" coal $asi!ication Capture an" stora$e o! C,2

Unethical practices British Petroleum (BP) is no stran$er to ein$ in the news !or unethical practices) 3ith the most recent ein$ the e5plosion o! the Cul! Coast @i$, the 6eepwater AoriBon, that kille" 11 people, in8ure" man* more an" pro"uce" one o! the lar$est oil spills in histor* that occurre" in &)') 3aters (%"elson, 2010)) -! this inci"ent was BP#s !irst than woul" sa* this coul" ha1e een an acci"ent) Aowe1er, this inci"ent "oesn#t come close to ein$ the !irst an" onl* shows us a "e1astatin$ tren" that places pro!its o1er the 1alue o! human li!e) -n !act, BP#s unethical practices ha1e claime" the li1es o! .( emplo*ees en"in$ 8ust a!ter 7arch, 2., 2005 (C'B, 200<)) ,ne o! the acci"ents happene" !i1e *ears a$o, when the BP /e5as @e!iner* e5plo"e" killin$ 15 an" in8urin$ 1(0 more) /o etter un"erstan" what is $oin$ on at BP we will take a look at the /e5as @e!iner* 25plosion an" the ethical consi"erations that contri ute" to the pro lems that lea" to the "eath o! those 15 workers)

The BP Texas City Refinery Explosion

7arch 2., 2005, the BP /e5as Cit* @e!iner* (BP/C@) e5plo"e" causin$ 4.,000 people in the surroun"in$ area to remain in"oors a!ter ein$ issue" a shelter+in+place or"er) /he e5plosion also kille" 15 contractors an" in8ure" another 1(0 workers, which cause" an a""itional estimate" ?1)5 illion in !inancial losses (C'B, 200<)) /he Ginal -n1esti$ation @eport, issue" * the &)') Chemical 'a!et* an" AaBar" -n1esti$ation Boar" (C'B), citesH I/he /e5as Cit* "isaster was cause" * or$aniBational an" sa!et* "e!iciencies at all le1els o! the BP Corporations (C'B, 200<))J /he C'B, usin$ in1esti$ation techni0ues that were similar to the techni0ues use" * the Colum ia %cci"ent e!ore the 2005 -n1esti$ation Boar" "urin$ their pro e in the e5plosion o! the space shuttle, !oun" that warnin$ si$ns o! possi le "isaster were present !or se1eral *ears BP/C@ e5plosion) /he unethical "ecisions that were ma"e to i$nore the sa!et* o! BP#s emplo*ees an" contractors, in or"er to sha1e costs an" increase pro!its, lea" ,'A% to han"out the lar$est penalt* in the re$ulator#s histor*) BP a$ree" to settle with ,'A%, in what was then the hi$hest penalt* $i1en, at ?21 million (,'A%, 2009)) /he 2005 'ettlement %$reement inclu"e"H %$ree to pa* ?21 million in penalties) %

comprehensi1e e1aluation o! BP/C@#s Process 'a!et* 7ana$ement pro$ram in"epen"ent

* in

%u"itor)

%pril 24, 200>, BP#s 'enior Croup Kice Presi"ent o! 'a!et* L ,perations, ;ohn 7o$!or", $a1e a speech, a out the /e5as Cit* inci"ent, to e5press the lessons learne" !rom the acci"ent an" to help others !rom en"urin$ the same !ate (7o$!or", 200>)) 6urin$ the speech ;ohn state" that, I/his was a pre1enta le inci"entJ an" I-t shoul" e seen as a process !ailure, a cultural !ailure an" a mana$ement !ailure)J ;ohn also a""resse" BP#s commitment to make sure that what happene" at the /e5as @e!iner* ne1er happens a$ain)

Part o! BP#s 2005 settlement was to resol1e more than .00 separate alle$e" 1iolations o! ,'A% re$ulations (7o$!or", 200>)) -n 200>, ;ohn 7a$!or"#s speech reassures BP#s stakehol"ers that the* are committe" to resol1in$ all sa!et* issues) 'o, wh* in 2009, when all o! the .00 separate alle$e" 1iolations were to e complete, "i" ,A'% !in" that BP !aile" to correct 2<0 pre1ious citations an" !oun" 4.9 new 1iolations (,'A%, 2009)M -t seems ;ohn#s speech was nothin$ more than pu!!er* an" BP was still up to their ol" unethical ha its) ,A'% cite" BP with another recor" reakin$ penalt* totalin$ ?(< million !or their !ailure to a ate)

The Fall of British Petroleums Ethics British Petroleum (BP), a $lo al ener$* $roup ase" in Lon"on, is no stran$er to en1ironmental haBar"s) ,1er the last 20 *ears, "atin$ ack !rom the 255on Kal"eB oil spill to the present "a* Cul! Coast oil spill that !ollowe" the e5plosion o! an o!!+shore "rillin$ site late last month, BP has !oun" themsel1es in a num er o! unethical "ecisions that ha1e cause" a "rop in their reputation) Companies are !orme" to turn pro!its !or their stakehol"ers) Aowe1er, we must ensure that unethical "ecisions "o not hol" ack pro!its * "ama$in$ the compan*#s reputation) - will attempt to e5plain how unethical "ecisions can e linke" to a compan*#s reputation an" ine1ita l* a!!ect pro!its)

Down

ill !lide

-n 2005, an in"epen"ent research an" ratin$ compan* name" 7ana$ement L 25cellence ')%) ('L2) was !oun"e" in 7a"ri" in 2000) 'L2 release" the 2005 results o! their ethical stu"* that co1ere" ethics within some o! the top oil companies in the worl") /he 'L2 ethical stu"* was title", I2thics in the ,il -n"ustr* 2005J an" upon it was BP at num er three on the list) /he onl* two oil companies ahea" o! BP were @o*al 6utch 'hell at num er one an" 255on 7o il at num er two) (7ana$e L 25cellence, 2005) BP has "ispla*e" that the* take ethics 1er* seriousl*, at least enou$h to e reco$niBe" in the stu"*) /his will e our ape5 to the slipper* slope in which the reputations o! BP will start its "ecent) %lso, in 2005, BP !ace" its worst "isaster to "ate when one o! BP#s re!ineries locate" in /e5as Cit*, /e5as, e5plo"e" killin$ 15 people an" in8urin$ another 1(0 in"i1i"uals an" !orce" thousan"s o! near * resi"ents to take up shelter within their homes) (7auer L /insle*, 2010) %n -n1esti$ation lea" * the &)') Chemical 'a!et* an" AaBar" -n1esti$ation Boar" !oun", Ior$aniBational an" sa!et* "e!iciencies at all le1els o! the BP corporation)JBritish Petroleum plea"e" $uilt* to !elon* acts that 1iolate" the Clean %ir %ct an" was !ine" ?50 million while onl* recei1in$ a three *ear pro ation sentence) /he ,ccupational Aealth an" 'a!et* %"ministration (,'A%) issue" the lar$est !ine in ,'A% histor*, ?(< million, to BP a!ter con"uctin$ their in1esti$ation) (7auer L /insle*, 2010) ,'A% "isco1ere" o1er 2<0 1iolations that ha" een pre1iousl* cite" ut not !i5e" an" 4.9 new 1iolations) 2thical pro lems can e seen with the 2<0 1iolations that were i$nore" an" not !i5e" * BP) -n 200>, BP plea"s $uilt* to a !e"eral mis"emeanor that cost BP ?20 million in criminal penalties "ue to an estimate" 201,000 $allons o! oil that leake" out into the %laskan /un"ra) /he %nchora$e 6ail* =ews state", IProsecutors sai" BP mana$er !aile" to hee" Iman* re" !la$s an" warnin$ si$nsJ that ke* pipelines within the nation#s lar$est oil !iel" were $oin$ a")J (Lo*, 200<) BP continues to show ethical pro lems * i$norin$ re" !la$s an" warnin$ si$ns that coul" ha1e stoppe" the leaks !rom occurrin$)

-n 200<, BP !ace" increase" pro lems concernin$ pollution at a re!iner* in 3hitin$, -n"iana) British Petroleum uses this re!iner* to re!ine hea1* cru"e oil !rom Cana"a an" is the nation#s !ourth lar$est re!iner*) (Kerschoor, 200<) /he re!iner* is also one o! the lar$est polluters in the 7i"west, an" now with BP lookin$ to e5pan" the re!iner*, woul" release 54N more ammonia an" .5N more Islu"$eJ into Lake 7ichi$an) (Kerschoor, 200<) %mmonia allows !or the $rowth o! al$ae looms that can kill !ish an" tri$$er each closin$s an" the slu"$e contains concentrate" hea1* metals like lea", nickel, an" 1ana"ium) Aow "oes BP $et awa* with mi5in$ to5ic waste into Lake 7ichi$an when this t*pe o! process BP uses is anne" in Lake 7ichi$anM @e$ulators $i!te" BP with the !irst e1er e5emption !or the process o! mi5in$ waste with clean lake water 200!t o!!shore Lake 7ichi$an) BP continues to create ethical pro lems in all !orms o! en1ironmental issues) Aow "i" BP o tain the e5emption an" wh* "i"n#t the* respect the laws alrea"* in place !or the LakeM

%!ter three *ears o! unethical "ecisions ein$ con"ucte" * BP, we are startin$ to see a clear ethical "rop in BP#s practices) %nother report * 7L2 release" in 200< title", I3orl"#s 7ost 'ustaina le an" 2thical ,il Companies 200<,J a$ain positione" the top oil companies in the worl" !rom hi$hest to lowest in 2thics usin$ a 120 point e1aluation process)(7ana$ement L 25cellence, 200<) /he 200< report shows that BP has !allen to num er !our on the list) 'hell, Petro ras, an" /otal hol" the top three spots now) /hese reports coinci"e with the unethical eha1ior ein$ con"ucte" * BP) Gurthermore, in 200(, BP ha" no ma8or unethical en1ironmental out ursts an" the 7L2 report !or 200( place" BP at num er three on the list) -n 'eptem er 1999, one o! BPFs &' su si"iaries, BP 25ploration %laska (BPO%), plea"e" $uilt* to criminal char$es stemmin$ !rom its ille$all* "umpin$ o! haBar"ous wastes on the %laska =orth 'lope, pa*in$ !ines an" penalties totallin$ ?22 million) BP pai" the ma5imum ?500,000 in criminal !ines, ?>)5 million in ci1il penalties, an" esta lishe" a ?15 million en1ironmental mana$ement s*stem at all o! BP !acilities in the &' an" Cul! o! 7e5ico that are en$a$e" in oil e5ploration, "rillin$ or pro"uction) /he char$es stemme" !rom the 199. to 1995 "umpin$ o! haBar"ous wastes on 2n"icott -slan", %laska * BPFs contractor 6o*on 6rillin$) /he !irm ille$all* "ischar$e" waste oil, paint thinner an" other to5ic an" haBar"ous su stances * in8ectin$ them "own the outer rim, or annuli, o! the oil wells) BPO% !aile" to report the ille$al in8ections when it learne" o! the con"uct, in 1iolation o! the Comprehensi1e 2n1ironmental @esponse, Compensation an" Lia ilit* %ct) !uperfund is the common name !or the Comprehensi"e En"ironmental Response# Compensation# and $ia%ility &ct o! 19(0 (CERC$&), a &nite" 'tates !e"eral law "esi$ne" to clean up sites contaminate" with haBar"ous su stances, as well as Ppollutants or contaminantsP which are "e!ine" more roa"l*) 'uper!un" also $i1es authorit* to !e"eral natural resource a$encies, states an" -n"ian tri es to reco1er natural resource "ama$es cause" * releases o! haBar"ous su stances, an" create" the %$enc* !or /o5ic 'u stances an" 6isease @e$istr* (%/'6@), C2@CL%Fs roa" cleanup authorit*, to clean up releases or threatene" releases o! haBar"ous su stances that ma* en"an$er pu lic health or wel!are or the (natural) en1ironment was $i1en primaril* to the 2n1ironmental Protection %$enc* (2P%) an" states, (thou$h most states

now ha1e an" most o!ten use their own 1ersions o! C2@CL%)) 2P% ma* i"enti!* parties responsi le !or haBar"ous su stances releases to the en1ironment an" compel those parties to clean up the sites, or it ma* cleanup itsel! usin$ the 'uper!un" (a trust !un") an" cost reco1er !rom responsi le parties * re!errin$ such matters to the &)') 6epartment o! ;ustice) /he ke* "i!!erence etween the authorit* to a""ress haBar"ous su stances an" pollutants or contaminants is that the cleanup o! pollutants or contaminants which are not haBar"ous su stances cannot e compelle" * unilateral a"ministrati1e or"er)

Texas City Refinery explosion

,n the 2.r", 7arch 2005, a h*"rocar on 1apour clou" e5plosion occurre" at the -',7 isomerisation process unit at BPFs /e5as Cit* re!iner* in /e5as Cit*, /e5as, killin$ 15 workers an" in8urin$ more than 1<0 others) /he /e5as Cit* @e!iner* was the secon"+lar$est oil re!iner* in the state, an" the thir"+lar$est in the &nite" 'tates with an input capacit* o! 4.<,000 arrels (>9,500 m.) per "a* as o! ;anuar* 1, 2000) BP ac0uire" the /e5as Cit* re!iner* as part o! its mer$er with %moco in 1999)

BPFs own acci"ent in1esti$ation report state" that the "irect cause o! the acci"ent was IQhea1ierthan+air h*"rocar on 1apours com ustin$ a!ter comin$ into contact with an i$nition source, pro a l* a runnin$ 1ehicle en$ine) /he h*"rocar ons ori$inate" !rom li0ui" o1er!low !rom the G+20 low "own stack !ollowin$ the operation o! * o1er!illin$ an" the ra!!inate splitter o1erpressure protection s*stem cause"

o1erheatin$ o! the tower contents)J Both the BP an" the Chemical 'a!et* an" AaBar" -n1esti$ation Boar" reports i"enti!ie" numerous technical an" or$anisational !ailin$s at the re!iner* an" within corporate BP) ,r$anisational !ailin$s inclu"e" corporate cost+ cuttin$, a !ailure to in1est in the plant in!rastructure, a lack o! corporate o1ersi$ht on oth sa!et* culture an" ma8or acci"ent pre1ention pro$rams, a !ocus on occupational sa!et* an" not process sa!et*, a "e!ecti1e mana$ement o! chan$e process (which allowe" the sittin$ o! contractor trailers too close to the -',7 process unit), the ina"e0uate trainin$ o! operators, a lack o! competent super1ision !or start+up operations, poor communications etween in"i1i"uals an" "epartments an" the use o! out"ate" an" ine!!ecti1e work proce"ures which were o!ten not !ollowe") /echnical !ailin$s inclu"e" a low "own "rum that was o! insu!!icient siBe, a lack o! pre1entati1e maintenance on

sa!et* critical s*stems, inoperati1e alarms an" le1el sensors in the -',7 process unit an" the continue" use o! out"ate" low "own "rum an" stack technolo$* when replacement with the sa!er !lare option ha" een a !easi le alternati1e !or man* *ears) BP was char$e" with criminal 1iolations o! !e"eral en1ironmental laws, an" has een name" in lawsuits !rom the 1ictimsF !amilies) /he ,ccupational 'a!et* an" Aealth %"ministration $a1e BP a recor" !ine !or hun"re"s o! sa!et* 1iolations, an" in 2009 impose" an e1en lar$er !ine a!ter claimin$ that BP ha" !aile" to implement sa!et* impro1ements !ollowin$ the "isaster) -n 2011 BP announce" that it was sellin$ the re!iner* as part o! its on$oin$ "i1estment plan to pa* !or on$oin$ compensation claims an" reme"ial acti1ities !ollowin$ the 6eepwater AoriBon "isaster in 2010) /he sale o! the re!iner* was complete" at the start o! 201. to 7arathon Petroleum Corporation !or ?2)5 Billion)

&ir pollution "iolations -n 2000 BP %moco ac0uire" %@C,, a Los %n$eles+ ase" oil $roup) -n 200. Cali!ornia#s 'outh Coast %ir Rualit* 7ana$ement 6istrict (%R76) !ile" a complaint a$ainst BPE%@C,, seekin$ ?.19 million in penalties !or thousan"s o! air pollution 1iolations o1er an (+*ear perio") -n ;anuar* 2005, the a$enc* !ile" a secon" suit a$ainst BP ase" on 1iolations etween %u$ust 2002 an" ,cto er 2004) /he suit alle$e" that BP ille$all* release" air pollutants * !ailin$ to a"e0uatel* inspect, maintain, repair an" properl* operate thousan"s o! pieces o! e0uipment across the re!iner* as re0uire" * %R76 re$ulations) -t was alle$e" that in some cases the 1iolations were "ue to ne$li$ence, while in others the 1iolations were knowin$l* an" will!ull* committe" * re!iner* o!!icials) -n 2005 a settlement was reache" un"er which BP a$ree" to pa* ?25 million in cash penalties an" ?> million in past emissions !ees, while spen"in$ ?20 million on en1ironmental impro1ements at the re!iner* an" ?.0 million on communit* pro$rams !ocuse" on asthma "ia$nosis an" treatment) -n 201., a total o! 4<4 Cal1eston Count* resi"ents li1in$ near the BP /e5as Cit* @e!iner* !ile" a ?1 illion lawsuit a$ainst BP, accusin$ the compan* o! Pintentionall* mislea"in$ the pu lic a out the seriousnessP o! a two+week release o! to5ic !umes which

e$an on 10 =o1em er 2011) PBP reporte"l* release" 'ul!ur 6io5i"e, 7eth*l Carpaptan, 6imeth*l 6isul!i"e an" other to5ic chemicals into the atmosphereJ rea"s the report) /he lawsuit !urther claims Cal1eston count* has the worst air 0ualit* in the &nite" 'tates "ue to BPFs 1iolations o! air pollution laws) BP ha" no comment an" sai" it woul" a""ress the suit in the court s*stem Colom%ian farmland dama'es claim -n 200>, a $roup o! Colom ian !armers reache" a multimillion "ollar out+o!+court settlement with BP !or alle$e" en1ironmental "ama$e cause" * the ,censa pipeline) %n a$ree" statement sai"H P/he Colom ian !armers $roup are please" to sa* that a!ter a me"iation process which took place in Bo$otS in ;une 200> at the 8oint initiati1e o! the parties, an amica le settlement o! the "ispute in relation to the ,censa pipeline has een reache", with no a"missions o! lia ilit*)P /he compan* was accuse" o! ene!itin$ !rom a re$ime o! terror carrie" out * Colom ian $o1ernment paramilitaries to protect the 450+mile (<20 km) ,censa pipelineT BP sai" throu$hout that it has acte" responsi l* an" that lan"owners were !airl* compensate") -n 2009, another $roup o! 95 Colom ian !armers !ile" a suit a$ainst BP, sa*in$ the compan*Fs ,censa pipeline cause" lan"sli"es an" "ama$e to soil an" $roun"water, a!!ectin$ crops, li1estock, an" contaminatin$ water supplies, makin$ !ish pon"s unsustaina le) 7ost o! the lan" tra1erse" * the pipeline was owne" * peasant !armers who were illiterate an" una le to rea" the en1ironmental impact assessment con"ucte" * BP prior to construction, which acknowle"$e" si$ni!icant an" wi"esprea" risks o! "ama$e to the lan"

Canadian tar sands -n Cana"a, BP is in1ol1e" in the e5traction o! oil san"s, also known as tar san"s or ituminous san"s) /he compan* uses in-situ "rillin$ technolo$ies such as 'team %ssiste" Cra1it* 6raina$e to e5tract the itumen) 7em ers o! &' an" Cana"ian oil companies sa* that usin$ rec*cle" $roun"water makes in situ "rillin$ an en1ironmentall* !rien"lier option when compare" with oil san"s minin$)

7em ers o! Cana"aFs Cree =ation ha1e criticiBe" BPFs in1ol1ement in the Cana"ian pro8ect !or the impacts oil san"s e5traction has on the en1ironment) =%'% scientist ;ames Aansen sai" that the e5ploitation o! Cana"ian oil san"s woul" mean P$ame o1er !or the climateP) -n 2010, acti1ist sharehol"ers aske" BP !or a !ull in1esti$ation o! the pro8ect, ut were "e!eate") -n 201. sharehol"ers criticiBe" the pro8ect !or ein$ car on+intensi1e) ealth and safety "iolations Citin$ con"itions similar to those that resulte" in the 2005 /e5as Cit* @e!iner* e5plosion, on 25 %pril 200>, the &)') 6epartment o! La our#s ,ccupational 'a!et* an" Aealth %"ministration (,'A%) !ine" BP more than ?2)4 million !or unsa!e operations at the compan*Fs ,re$on, ,hio re!iner*) %n ,'A% inspection resulte" in .2 per+instance will!ul citations inclu"in$ locatin$ people in 1ulnera le uil"in$s amon$ the processin$ units, !ailin$ to correct "e+pressuriBation "e!iciencies an" "e!iciencies with $as monitors, an" !ailin$ to pre1ent the use o! non+appro1e" electrical e0uipment in locations in which haBar"ous concentrations o! !lamma le $ases or 1apours ma* e5ist) BP was !urther !ine" !or ne$lectin$ to "e1elop shut"own proce"ures an" "esi$nate responsi ilities an" to esta lish a s*stem to promptl* a""ress an" resol1e recommen"ations ma"e a!ter an inci"ent when a lar$e !ee" pump !aile" three *ears prior to 200>) Penalties were also issue" !or !i1e serious 1iolations, inclu"in$ !ailure to "e1elop operatin$ proce"ures !or a unit that remo1es sul!ur compoun"T !ailure to ensure that operatin$ proce"ures re!lect current operatin$ practice in the -socracker &nitT !ailure to resol1e process haBar" anal*sis recommen"ationsT !ailure to resol1e process sa!et* mana$ement compliance au"it items in a timel* mannerT an" !ailure to perio"icall* inspect pressure pipin$ s*stems) -n 200( BP an" se1eral other ma8or oil re!iners a$ree" to pa* ?422 million to settle a class+action lawsuit stemmin$ !rom water contamination tie" to the $asoline a""iti1e 7/B2, a chemical that was once a ke* $asoline in$re"ient) Leake" !rom stora$e tanks, 7/B2 has een !oun" in se1eral water s*stems across the &nite" 'tates) /he plainti!!s maintain that the in"ustr* knew a out the en1ironmental "an$ers ut that the* use" it instea" o! other possi le alternati1es ecause it was less e5pensi1e) /he

companies will also e re0uire" to pa* <0 percent o! cleanup costs !or an* wells newl* a!!ecte" at an* time o1er the ne5t .0 *ears) BP has one o! the worst sa!et* recor"s o! an* ma8or oil compan* that operates in the &nite" 'tates) Between 200< an" 2010, BP re!ineries in ,hio an" /e5as accounte" !or 9< percent o! Pe$re$ious, will!ulP 1iolations han"e" out * the &)') ,ccupational 'a!et* an" Aealth %"ministration (,'A%)) BP ha" <>0 Pe$re$ious, will!ulP 1iolations "urin$ that perio", while 'unoco an" Conoco+Phillips each ha" ei$ht, Cit$o two an" 255on ha" one)/he "eput* assistant secretar* o! la our at ,'A%, sai" P/he onl* thin$ *ou can conclu"e is that BP has a serious, s*stemic sa!et* pro lem in their compan*) % report in ProPublica, pu lishe" in the Washington Post in 2010, !oun" that o1er a "eca"e o! internal in1esti$ations o! BPFs %laska operations "urin$ the 2000s warne" senior BP mana$ers that the compan* repeate"l* "isre$ar"e" sa!et* an" en1ironmental rules an" riske" a serious acci"ent i! it "i" not chan$e its wa*s) ProPu lica !oun" that P/aken to$ether, these "ocuments portra* a compan* that s*stemicall* i$nore" its own sa!et* policies across its =orth %merican operations ++ !rom %laska to the Cul! o! 7e5ico to Cali!ornia an" /e5as) 25ecuti1es were not hel" accounta le !or the !ailures, an" some were promote" "espite them)P /he Pro8ect ,n Co1ernment ,1ersi$ht, an in"epen"ent non+pro!it or$aniBation in the &nite" 'tates which in1esti$ates an" seeks to e5pose corruption an" other miscon"uct, lists BP as num er one on their listin$ o! the 100 worst corporations ase" on instances o! miscon"uct Prudhoe Bay

-n 7arch 200>, corrosion o! a BP 25ploration %laska (BPO%) oil transit pipeline in Pru"hoe Ba* transportin$ oil to the /rans+%laska Pipeline le" to a !i1e+"a* leak an"

the lar$est oil spill on %laskaFs =orth 'lope) %ccor"in$ to the %laska 6epartment o! 2n1ironmental Conser1ation (%62C), a total o! 212,252 &' $allons (5,05.)> lT (0.)4> m.) o! oil was spille", co1erin$ 2 acres (0)(1 ha) o! the =orth 'lope)BP a"mitte" that cost cuttin$ measures ha" resulte" in a lapse in monitorin$ an" maintenance o! the pipeline an" the conse0uent leak) %t the moment o! the leak, pipeline inspection $au$es (known as Ppi$sP) ha" not een run throu$h the pipeline since 199() BP complete" the clean+up o! the spill * 7a* 200>, inclu"in$ remo1al o! contaminate" $ra1el an" 1e$etation, which was replace" with new material !rom the %rctic tun"ra) Gollowin$ the spill, the compan* was or"ere" * re$ulators to inspect the .5 kilometres (22 mi) o! pipelines in Pru"hoe Ba* usin$ Psmart pi$sP)-n late ;ul* 200>, the Psmart pi$sP monitorin$ the pipelines !oun" 1> places where corrosion ha" thinne" pipeline walls) % BP crew sent to inspect the pipe in earl* %u$ust "isco1ere" a leak an" small spill, !ollowin$ which, BP announce" that the eastern portion o! the %laskan !iel" woul" e shut "own !or repairs on the pipeline, with appro1al !rom the 6epartment o! /ransportation) /he shut"own resulte" in a re"uction o! 200,000 arrels per "a* (.2,000 m.E") until work e$an to rin$ the eastern !iel" to !ull pro"uction on 2 ,cto er 200>)-n total, 2. arrels (.)< m.) o! oil were spille" an" 1<> arrels (2()0 m.) were Pcontaine" an" reco1ere"P, accor"in$ to %62C) /he spill was cleane" up an" there was no impact upon wil"li!e) %!ter the shut"own, BP ple"$e" to replace 2> kilometres (1> mi) o! its %laskan oil transit pipelines an" the compan* complete" work on the 1> miles (2> km) o! new pipeline * the en" o! 200() -n =o1em er 200<, BP 25ploration, %laska ple" $uilt* to ne$li$ent "ischar$e o! oil, a mis"emeanor un"er the !e"eral Clean 3ater %ct an" was !ine" &'?20 million) /here was no char$e rou$ht !or the smaller spill in %u$ust 200> "ue to BPFs 0uick response an" clean+up) ,n 1> ,cto er 200<, %62C o!!icials reporte" a Pto5ic spillP !rom a BP pipeline in Pru"hoe Ba* comprisin$ 2,000 &' $allons (<,>00 lT 1,<00 imp $al) o! primaril* methanol (meth*l alcohol) mi5e" with cru"e oil an" water, which spille" onto a $ra1el pa" an" !roBen tun"ra pon") -n the settlement o! a ci1il suit, in ;ul* 2011 in1esti$ators !rom the &)') 6epartment o! /ransportation#s Pipeline an" AaBar"ous 7aterials 'a!et* %"ministration "etermine" that the 200> spills were a result o! BPO%#s !ailure to properl* inspect an" maintain the

pipeline to pre1ent corrosion) /he $o1ernment issue" a Correcti1e %ction ,r"er to BP O% that a""resse" the pipeline#s risks an" or"ere" pipeline repair or replacement) /he &)') 2n1ironmental Protection %$enc* ha" in1esti$ate" the e5tent o! the oil spills an" o1ersaw BPO%#s cleanup) 3hen BP O% "i" not !ull* compl* with the terms o! the correcti1e action, a complaint was !ile" in 7arch 2009 alle$in$ 1iolations o! the Clean 3ater %ct, the Clean %ir %ct an" the Pipeline 'a!et* %ct) -n ;ul* 2011, the &)') 6istrict Court !or the 6istrict o! %laska entere" a consent "ecree etween the &nite" 'tates an" BPO% resol1in$ the $o1ernment#s claims) &n"er the consent "ecree, BPO% pai" a ?25 million ci1il penalt*, the lar$est per+ arrel penalt* at that time !or an oil spill, an" a$ree" to take measures to si$ni!icantl* impro1e inspection an" maintenance o! its pipeline in!rastructure on the =orth 'lope to re"uce the threat o! a""itional oil spills)

())* Caspian !ea 'as lea+ and %lowout ,n 1< 'eptem er 200(, a $as leak was "isco1ere" an" one $as+in8ection well lown out in the area o! the Central %Beri plat!orm at the %Beri oil!iel", a part o! the %Beri Chira$Cuneshli (%CC) pro8ect, in the %Ber ai8an sector o! Caspian 'ea) /he plat!orm was shut "own an" the sta!! was e1acuate")%s the 3estern %Beri Plat!orm was ein$ powere" * a ca le !rom the Central %Beri Plat!orm, it was also shut "own) Pro"uction at the 3estern %Beri Plat!orm resume" on 9 ,cto er 200( an" at the Central %Beri Plat!orm in 6ecem er 200()%ccor"in$ to leake" &' 2m ass* ca les, BP ha" een Pe5ceptionall* circumspect in "isseminatin$ in!ormationP an" showe" that BP thou$ht the cause !or the lowout was a a" cement 8o ) /he ca les !urther sai" that some o! BPFs %CC partners complaine" that the compan* was so secreti1e that it was withhol"in$ in!ormation e1en !rom them) (),) Texas City Chemical lea+ BP has a"mitte" that mal!unctionin$ e0uipment lea" to the release o! o1er 5.0,000 poun"s (240,000 k$) o! chemicals into the air o! /e5as Cit* an" surroun"in$ areas !rom > %pril to 1> 7a* 2010) /he leak inclu"e" 1<,000 poun"s (<,<00 k$) o! enBene, .<,000

poun"s (1<,000 k$) o! nitro$en o5i"es, an" 1(>,000 poun"s ((4,000 k$) o! car on mono5i"e) -n ;une 2012, o1er 50,000 /e5as Cit* resi"ents 8oine" a class+action suit a$ainst BP, alle$in$ the* ecame sick in 2010 as a result o! the 41+"a* emissions release !rom the re!iner*) /e5as has also sue" BP o1er the release o! emissions) BP sa*s the release harme" no one) -n ,cto er 201., a 8ur* !oun" that BP was ne$li$ent in the case, ut "ue to the lack o! su stantial e1i"ence linkin$ illness to the emissions, "eci"e" the compan* woul" e a sol1e" o! an* wron$"oin$)

Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill

%nchor han"lin$ tu$s com at the !ire on the Deepwater Horizon while the &nite" 'tates Coast Cuar" searches !or missin$ crew ,n 20 %pril 2010, the semi+su mersi le e5plorator* o!!shore "rillin$ ri$ Deepwater Horizon locate" in the 7acon"o Prospect in the Cul! o! 7e5ico e5plo"e" a!ter

a lowout, killin$ 11 people, in8urin$ 1> others) %!ter urnin$ !or two "a*s, the ri$ sank an" cause" the lar$est acci"ental marine oil spill in the histor* o! the petroleum in"ustr*, estimate" to e etween (N an" .1N lar$er in 1olume than the earlier -5toc oil spill)Be!ore the well was cappe" on 15 ;ul* 2010, an estimate" 4)9 million arrels (210 million &' $alT <(0,000 m.) o! oil was leake" with plus or minus 10N uncertaint*) (10,000 arrels (.4 million &' $alT 129,000 m.) o! oil was collecte" or urne" while 4)1 million arrels (1<0 million &' $alT >50,000 m.) entere" the Cul! waters) 1)( million &' $allons (>,(00 m.) o! Core5it "ispersant was applie") /he spill ha" a stron$ economic impact on oth BP an" the Cul! CoastFs econom* sectors such as !ishin$ an" tourism) -n late 2012 local !ishermen reporte" that cra , shrimp, an" o*ster !ishin$ operations ha" not *et reco1ere" !rom the oil spill an" man* !eare" that the Cul! sea!oo" in"ustr* will ne1er reco1er)

En"ironmental impact

Aea1* oilin$ o! Ba* ;imm*, Pla0uemines ParishT 'eptem er 15, 2010 ,il spills are known to cause oth imme"iate an" lon$+term harm to human health an" ecos*stems) @esearch into the impacts o! this spill is on$oin$) 'tu"ies in 201. su$$este" that as much as one+thir" o! the release" oil remains in the $ul!) Gurther research su$$este" that the oil on the ottom o! the sea!loor was not "e$ra"in$) ,il in a!!ecte" coastal areas increase" erosion "ue to the "eath o! man$ro1e trees an" marsh $rass) @esearchers sa* the oil an" "ispersant mi5ture, inclu"in$ P%As, permeate" the !oo" chain throu$h Booplankton) -n 201. it was reporte" that "olphins an" other marine li!e continue" to "ie in recor" num ers with in!ant "olphins "*in$ at si5 times the normal rate) -n ,cto er 201., %l ;aBeera reporte" that the $ul! ecos*stem was Pin crisisP, citin$ a "ecline in sea!oo" catches, as well as "e!ormities an" lesions !oun" in !ish)-n Louisiana, 4)> million poun"s o! oil* material was remo1e" !rom the eaches in 201., o1er "ou le the amount collecte" in 2012) ,il cleanup crews worke" !our "a*s a week on 55 miles o! Louisiana shoreline throu$hout 201.) ,il continue" to e !oun" as !ar !rom the 7acon"o site as the Glori"a panhan"le, where scientists sai" the oil an" "ispersant mi5ture is em e""e" in the san")@esearchers lookin$ at se"iment, seawater, iota, an" sea!oo" !oun" to5ic compoun"s in hi$h concentrations that the* sai" was "ue to the a""e" oil an" "ispersants)

ealth effects @esearch "iscusse" at a 201. con!erence inclu"e" preliminar* results o! an on$oin$ stu"* ein$ "one * the =ational -nstitute !or 2n1ironmental Aealth 'ciences in"icatin$ that oil spill cleanup workers carr* iomarkers o! chemicals containe" in the spille" oil an" the "ispersants use") % separate stu"* is !ollowin$ the health issues o! women an" chil"ren a!!ecte" * the spill) 'e1eral stu"ies !oun" that a Psi$ni!icant percenta$eP o! Cul! resi"ents reporte" mental health pro lems such as an5iet*, "epression an" P/'6) %ccor"in$ to the Colum ia &ni1ersit*, stu"* in1esti$atin$ the health e!!ects amon$ chil"ren li1in$ less than 10 miles !rom the coast, more than a thir" o! the parents report ph*sical or mental health s*mptoms amon$ their chil"ren) %ustraliaFs P>0 7inutesP reporte" that people li1in$ alon$ the $ul! coast were ecomin$ sick !rom the mi5ture o! Core5it an" oil) 'usan 'haw, o! the 6eepwater AoriBon oil spill 'trate$ic 'ciences 3orkin$ Croup, sa*s PBP tol" the pu lic that Core5it was Fas harmless as 6awn "ishwashin$ li0ui"F)))But BP an" the 2P% clearl* knew a out the to5icit* o! the Core5it lon$ e!ore this spill)P %ccor"in$ to 'haw, BPFs own sa!et* sheet on Core5it sa*s that there are Phi$h an" imme"iate human health haBar"sP) Cleanup workers were not pro1i"e" sa!et* e0uipment * the compan*, an" the sa!et* manuals were Prarel* i! e1erP !ollowe", or "istri ute" to workers, accor"in$ to a =ewsweek in1esti$ation) /he sa!et* manuals rea"H P%1oi" reathin$ 1aporP an" P3ear suita le protecti1e clothin$J) BP "ispute" the metho"olo$* o! a peer+re1iewe" stu"* pu lishe" in /he %merican ;ournal o! 7e"icine an" 0uote" in %l ;aBeera that reporte" si$ni!icantl* altere" loo" pro!iles o! in"i1i"uals e5pose" to the spille" oil an" "ispersants that put them at increase" risk o! "e1elopin$ li1er cancer, leukemia an" other "isor"ers, an" cite" !e"eral stu"ies that BP sai" contra"icte" the report an" supporte" the compan*Fs position that the "ispersants "i" not create a "an$er to health)

Criminal prosecutions ,n 11 7arch 2011, the &' 6epartment o! ;ustice !orme" the P6eepwater AoriBon /ask GorceP to consoli"ate se1eral !e"eral a$enciesF in1esti$ations into possi le criminal char$es stemmin$ the e5plosion an" spill) ,n 14 =o1em er 2012, the 6,; announce" that BP an" the 6,; ha" reache" a ?4 illion settlement o! all !e"eral criminal char$es relate" to the e5plosion an" spill, the lar$est o! its kin" in &' histor*) &n"er the settlement, BP a$ree" to plea" $uilt* to 11 !elon* counts o! manslau$hter, two mis"emeanors, an" a !elon* count o! l*in$ to Con$ress an" a$ree" to !our *ears o! $o1ernment monitorin$ o! its sa!et* practices an" ethics) BP also pai" ?525 million to settle ci1il char$es * the 'ecurities an" 25chan$e Commission that it misle" in1estors a out the !low rate o! oil !rom the well) %s part o! the announcement o! the settlement, BP sai" it was increasin$ its reser1e !or a trust !un" to pa* costs an" claims relate" to the spill to a out ?42 illion) ,n the same "a*, the &' $o1ernment !ile" criminal char$es a$ainst three BP emplo*eesT two site mana$ers were char$e" with manslau$hter an" ne$li$ence, an" one !ormer 1ice presi"ent with o struction) =ear the en" o! =o1em er 2012, the &)') Co1ernment temporaril* anne" BP !rom i""in$ an* new !e"eral contracts, citin$ the compan*#s Ilack o! usiness inte$rit*)J %s o! Ge ruar* 201., criminal an" ci1il settlements an" pa*ments to the trust !un" ha" cost the compan* ?42)2 illion)

Political influence BP lo Release of $oc+er%ie %om%er ie" the British $o1ernment to conclu"e a prisoner+trans!er a$reement which the om in$ o1er 'cotlan", which kille" 2<0

Li *an $o1ernment ha" wante" to secure the release o! % "el aset al+7e$rahi, the onl* person con1icte" !or the 19(( Locker ie people) BP state" that it presse" !or the conclusion o! prisoner trans!er a$reement ami" !ears that "ela*s woul" "ama$e its Pcommercial interestsP an" "isrupt its U900 million o!!shore "rillin$ operations in the re$ion, ut it sai" that it ha" not een in1ol1e" in ne$otiations concernin$ the release o! 7e$rahi Political contri%utions and lo%%yin'

%ccor"in$ to the Center !or @esponsi1e Politics, BP was the &nite" 'tatesF 1.>th+lar$est "onor to political campai$ns, ha1in$ contri ute" more than &'?>)> million since 19(9, <0N an" 29N o! which went to @epu lican an" 6emocratic recipients, respecti1el*) -n Ge ruar* 2002, BPFs then+chie! e5ecuti1e, Lor" Browne o! 7a"in$le*, renounce" the practice o! corporate campai$n contri utions, sa*in$H P/hatFs wh* weF1e "eci"e", as a $lo al polic*, that !rom now on we will make no political contri utions !rom corporate !un"s an*where in the worl")P 3hen the 3ashin$ton Post reporte" in ;une 2010 that BP =orth %merica P"onate" at least ?4)( million in corporate contri utions in the past se1en *ears to political $roups, partisan or$aniBations an" campai$ns en$a$e" in !e"eral an" state electionsP, mostl* to oppose allot measures in two states aimin$ to raise ta5es on the oil in"ustr*, the compan* sai" that the commitment ha" onl* applie" to contri utions to in"i1i"ual can"i"ates) 6urin$ the 200( &' election c*cle, BP emplo*ees contri ute" to 1arious can"i"ates, with Barack , ama recei1in$ the lar$est amount o! mone*, roa"l* in line with contri utions !rom 'hell an" Che1ron, ut si$ni!icantl* less than those o! 255on 7o il) -n 2009 BP spent nearl* ?1> million lo total o! ?(,4.0,000 on lo *in$ the &' Con$ress) -n 2011, BP spent a *ists

*in$ an" hire" 4< lo

-ar+et manipulation in"esti'ations and sanctions /he &' ;ustice 6epartment an" the Commo"it* Gutures /ra"in$ Commission !ile" char$es a$ainst BP Pro"ucts =orth %merica -nc) (su si"iar* o! BP plc) an" se1eral BP tra"ers, alle$in$ the* conspire" to raise the price o! propane * seekin$ to corner the propane market in 2004) -n 200>, one !ormer tra"er plea"e" $uilt*) -n 200<, BP pai" ?.0. million in restitution an" !ines as part o! an a$reement to "e!er prosecution) BP was char$e" with cornerin$ an" manipulatin$ the price o! /2/ propane in 200. an" 2004) BP pai" a ?125 million ci1il monetar* penalt* to the CG/C, esta lishe" a compliance an" ethics pro$ram, an" installe" a monitor to o1ersee BP#s tra"in$ acti1ities in the commo"ities markets) BP also pai" ?5. million BP into a restitution !un" !or 1ictims, a ?100 million criminal penalt*, plus ?25 million into a consumer !rau" !un", as well as other pa*ments) %lso in 200<, !our other !ormer tra"ers were char$e") /hese char$es were "ismisse" * a &' 6istrict Court in 2009 on the $roun"s that the transactions were e5empt un"er the Commo"ities 25chan$e %ct ecause the* "i"nFt occur in a marketplace 2011) -n =o1em er 2010, &' re$ulators G2@C an" CG/C e$an an in1esti$ation o! BP !or alle$e"l* manipulatin$ the $as market) /he in1esti$ation relates to tra"in$ acti1it* that occurre" in ,cto er an" =o1em er 200() %t that time, CG/C 2n!orcement sta!! pro1i"e" BP with a notice o! intent to recommen" char$es o! attempte" market manipulation in 1iolation o! the Commo"it* 25chan$e %ct) BP "enie" that it en$a$e" in Pan* inappropriate or unlaw!ul acti1it*)P -n ;ul* 2011, the G2@C sta!! issue" a P=otice o! %lle$e" KiolationsP sa*in$ it ha" preliminaril* "etermine" that se1eral BP entities !rau"ulentl* tra"e" ph*sical natural $as in the Aouston 'hip Channel an" 4at* markets an" tra"in$ points to increase the 1alue o! their !inancial swin$ sprea" positions) BPFs Lon"on o!!ices, alon$ with those o! @o*al 6utch 'hell an" 'tatoil, were rai"e" in 7a* 201. * re$ulators !rom the 2uropean Commission, e$innin$ an in1esti$ation into alle$ations the companies reporte" "istorte" prices to the price reportin$ a$enc* Platts, ut were ne$otiate" contracts amon$ sophisticate" companies) /he "ismissal was uphel" * the Court o! %ppeals !or the 5th Circuit in

in or"er to Pmanipulate the pu lishe" pricesP !or se1eral oil an" io !uel pro"ucts) /he 2C is pro in$ alle$ations the companies collu"e" to ri$ prices !or more than a "eca"e)

Conclusion. British Petroleum * !ar !ocusin$ on 8ust earnin$ pro!its, an" has not concerne" a out an* eco !rien"l* mechanisms in retrie1in$ cru"e oil !rom un"erneath sea) /heir health an" sa!et* stan"ar"s ha1e also een 1er* poor an" as resulte" in the "eath o! numerous emplo*ees o1er 1arious inci"ents an" the loss o! plant an" animal li!e has monumental) B* this we can conclu"e that BP has !ollowe" unethical stan"ar"s o! "oin$ usiness across nationsH /he BP /e5as Cit* @e!iner* 25plosion /e5as cit* re!iner* e5plosion %ir Pollution 1iolations Colom ian Garmlan" "ama$es claim Cana"ian tar san" Aealth an" sa!et* 1iolations Pru"hoe Ba* Caspian 'ea $as leak an" lowout /e5as Cit* Chemical leak 6eepwater AoriBon e5plosion an" oil spill 2n1ironmental -mpact een

Criminal Prosecution Aealth e!!ects @elease o! Locker ie om er Political contri utions an" lo *in$

!U//E!TI01! BP shoul" maintain the 'a!et* measures at work place in or"er to pre1ent the acci"ents) -t shoul" e open to the pu lic re$ar"in$ all the in!ormation to a1oi" the !alse representations) /he to5ic wastes !rom the ,il ri$s shoul" e !iltere" out e!ore releasin$ in to the atmosphere to pre1ent the %ir, 3ater L Lan" pollution) /he oils spills must e taken care o!! L the "umpin$ shoul" not e "one in the water o"ies to sa1e the marine li!e) Compan* must turn their pro!it perspecti1e to societal L 2n1ironmental care L sa!et*) Compan* must pro1i"e the sa!et* e0uipment to all the emplo*ees where the a!!ect o! risks are more)