ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECONDARY Abadinsky, Howard. "Chapter 8: Asian Organized Crime." Organized Crime. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1981. 192-98. Print. This section of the book focuses on organized crime in Asia. However, the first group that is mentioned in the chapter is the Japanese Yakuza, which is the most complex and large crime syndicate in the world. It mainly talks about the main leaders/subgroups of the Yakuza, what they've done and how they've evolved over time. It also goes more into depth about their business, revealing their business ties with many industries. Academy for Educational Development. "Yakuza Human Trafficking." HumanTrafficking.org | Japan. Academy for Educational Development, 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2013. This website talks about human trafficking in Japan. In Japan, prostitution and human trafficking of women are high, and all of this is controlled by the Japanese mafia known as the yakuza. The yakuza own many brothels, host-clubs and "cuddle cafes". Even if the yakuza members are not directly at the places themselves, the owners must pay the yakuza in order to run their businesses. Child pornography/prostitution is also high. Black, J. Anderson. Organized Crime. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest, 2003. Print. This source talked about all of the dirty work that the Yakuza does, even when the government is aware of their wrongdoings. Sometimes, the government would hire the Yakuza to do their dirty work for them. They have been involved in the assassination of 2 prime ministers, 2 finance ministers and several other politicians. Some of these hits were planned by the government to be carried out by the yakuza. It also goes more in

depth on how the yakuza uses extortion and is involved with the gambling business, especially pachinko.

Boyle, Alan. "10 Odd Facts About The Yakuza." Listverse. N.p., 23 Oct. 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
This was a list of interesting facts of the yakuza. I mostly used the fact on Soikaya in my extortion portion of the site.

Bruno, Anthony. "THE YAKUZA." The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia. Crime Library, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. This source has 7 chapters of information regarding the Yakuza. First, it gives some basic information and origins. Then, an explanation of the Yakuza rankings/discipline is given. Following, some Yakuza Godfathers, criminal enterprises, and the Yakuza in America are brought up. The article starts to close on the decline of the Yakuza, and finally ends on Loansharking and the Yakuza.
Hiyama, Hiroshi. "Yakuza Clean up to Do Dirty Work | The Japan Times." Japan Times RSS. N.p., 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. This article talks about the yakuza involvement with some of Japans major banks. Mizuho bank CEO is show apologizing for having ties with the crime syndicate. It is being called one of the biggest mob scandals in years.
Kaplan, David E., and Alec Dubro. Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld. Berkeley: University of California, 2003. Print.

This book told me so much information in general about the yakuza. It talked in detail about each sect of crime theyre active in, especially the meth business and prostitution.

Hongo, Jun. "Law Bends over Backward to Allow 'fuzoku' | The Japan Times." Japan Times RSS. Japan Times, 27 May 2008. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This source talks about the loopholes in Japanese sex laws. It says that organized crime and prostitutes are allowed to get away with sexual activities for money because the Japanese governments definition of illegal prostitution can be worked around in many ways. Therefore, the sex industry continues to thrive.
Kendall, Virginia M., and T. Markus. Funk. Child Exploitation and Trafficking: Examining the Global Challenges and U.S. Responses. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012. Print. This book had a small, but extremely useful section on Japans sex trafficking. It told about the treatment of women by the yakuza and how they got the women to Japan in the first place, as well as where they get their prostitutes.

"Press Center." Treasury Sanctions Members of Japanese Criminal Organization. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 19 Dec. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014.

The US is starting to take action against the corruption of the Japanese Banking system/stock market by the yakuza. They are targeting certain members one by one in hopes of slowing their illicit activity and one day stopping it. The US has targeted 10 yakuza members right now, and knows that the Yamiguchi-gumi sect is their biggest threat. U.S. Persons are prohibited with doing any business with them.

"Markets and Prices in Japan." Havocscope RSS. Havocscope, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.

This website had a chart with all of the drug prices in Japan. It also had a chart telling how much each illegal market (prostitution, drug cartel) was worth in Japan.

Northway, Colin. Yakuza at Sanja Matsuri. 2007. Photograph. Asakusa Tokyo. Flickr. Flickr, 25 May 2007. Web. 6 Jan. 2014.

This is an image depicting the yakuza at Sanja Matsuri, showing off their tattoos. They are

riding on a throne-like structure; obviously portraying themselves in a high manner.

Rankin, Andrew. "21st-Century Yakuza: Recent Trends in Organized Crime in Japan, JapanFocus." 21st-Century Yakuza: Recent Trends in Organized Crime in Japan, JapanFocus. The Asia-Pacific Journal, 13 Feb. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2013. This article has the most abundant information on the yakuza, including some first-hand sources by discreet, anonymous yakuza-related organizations/people. It talks about each sect of Yakuza business and involvement with Japan. It also touches upon how the Yakuza are dealt with by law enforcement. Basically, the yakuza get away with a lot of things because the government is willing to turn a blind eye to their wrong-doings. In Japan, the Yakuza is even popular; almost as celebrities in America are. In addition, most of their business is local to Japan.
Salinger, Lawrence M. Encyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate Crime. Vol. 1. Oaks,CA: SAGE Publications, 2005. Print. This book talked about the extortion of businesses, mainly by organized crime. I only used the yakuza section, however. It told me their methods of extortion, such as soikaya and blackmail. I wouldve given the specific examples they used in my website, however I was going to go over the word count if I did

PRIMARY

Boag, Philip. "Marked: Death of the Yakuza." Marked. History Channel. 10 Sept. 2009. Television.

This is a documentary done by the History Channel on the Japanese Yakuza. While it mainly focuses on their structure and traditions, it also has interviews in ex-members of the Yakuza, including a former Yakuza "oyabun", or head of family. The documentary discussed how the art of full-body Yakuza tattooing was important to the Yakuza. It showed their ability to endure much pain, such as the life of a yakuza member. It also revealed that tattooing in Japan is now a taboo because of this; if one were to display a tattoo in public, they might be feared by others due to the public mistaking them as a yakuza member.

"I Went Building of Red-light District of Japan's Largest Remains 150 Hotels in More than Now "Tobita Shinchi"" GIGAZINE RSS. N.p., 21 May 2012. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This sources has first person pictures of the brothels of the Red Light District located in Tobita Shinichi. It is the largest red light district, and is located in Osaka, Japan. Skin Deep. "Shoko Tendo: Every Kind of Light." Skin Deep 2012: 68-72. Plus Four Four. Jeremy Sutton Hibbert, 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 06 Jan. 2014. This source was basically used for pictures. In this reference, there are 3 pages of pictures depicting the author of the autobiography Yakuza Moon: The True Story of a Gangsters Daughter , Shoko Tendo. She is almost completely covered in full-body

tattoos; an unmistakable sign of the yakuza. She is a daughter of a once powerful yakuza godfather, and a former female yakuza. Unfortunately, I could not find the article in print for it was sold out.

Yakuza: Lords of the Mafia. Perf. Robert Stack. YouTube. Organized Crime (series), 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. This documentary talked about everything the yakuza is about, from their origin to their activities to reenactments of events. There were many professors and people of government positions talking in the video about the yakuza.