11.

4 Making the Peace

I. Costs of War
! So much money was lost on the war, the
winner wanted the loser to pay for their losses
(reparations).
! Political turmoil collapsed
govts. in Russia,
Germany, Austria-
Hungary and Ottoman
Empire.
! 1918 influenza
devastated the world and
killed > 20 million people
II. Paris Peace Conference
1he vlcLorlous Allles have dlerenL vlslons of peace
Ceorges Clemenceau was Lhe lrench leader.
lrance had been lnvaded by Cermany ln 1870 and ln 1914. Lhe lrench wanLed Lhe
Cermans Lo be made weak so LhaL Lhey would noL auack Lhem agaln.
1he war had been foughL mosLly ln lrance. 1he counLryslde was desLroyed. vlllages
burned and Lhe populauon declmaLed.
Cermany needed Lo pay Lo repalr Lhe damage Lhelr lnvaslon of lrance caused.
vluorlo Crlando
was Lhe lLallan
leader.
Pe lnslsLed LhaL
Lhe Allles honor
Lhelr secreL
agreemenL Lo
glve former
AusLro-Pungarlan
lands Lo lLaly.
1he vlcLorlous Allles have dlerenL vlslons of peace
uavld Lloyd Ceorge
was Lhe 8rlush
leader.
Pe publlcly called
for Lhe Cermans Lo
pay for sLarung Lhe
war. rlvaLely, he
worrled LhaL lf Lhe
Cermans were Loo
weakened, Lhe
CommunlsLs could
Lake over Lhe
counLry.
Woodrow Wllson was Lhe resldenL of Lhe unlLed SLaLes.
Pe wanLed Lo rebulld Lhe world aer Lhe devasLauon of Lhe World
War. Pe pushed hard for a peace LhaL would lnclude an lnLernauonal
body LhaL would make sure LhaL Lhere would be no fuLure wars. 1he
League of nauons was creaLed for Lhls purpose. unforLunaLely Lhe
Amerlcan publlc wanLed Lhe uS Lo remaln lsolaLed and Lhey never
[olned Lhe League.
! vlcLorlous
Allles !"#$%&
Cermany Lo
slgn a LreaLy
aL Lhe alace
of versallles.
! Cermans
accepL blame,
pay
reparauons
($338) and
oLher very
harsh
condluons.
III. Treaty of Versailles
! 8esenLmenL of
Lhe 1reaLy of
versallles
would polson
Lhe world for
20 years.
! An even
uLAuLlL8
world war ls
formlng.
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
100,000
De-
militarised
Cermany losL lLs
colonles.
Treaty of Versailles
Cuoman Lmplre
AusLrla-
Pungary
8
u
s
s
l
a


Treaty of Versailles
(Territories administered
by Western Powers)
Treaty of Versailles
Name the
people
emerging
from the
building.
What does the
building represent?
What is meant by this
comment?
Why is the child
weeping, and what is
meant by 1940?
HOW USEFUL IS
THIS SOURCE AS
HISTORICAL
EVIDENCE:
i. What do we learn
from it about the
period being studied?
ii. How reliable is this
source?
Perhaps it would gee-up better if we let it touch earth.
A British newspaper cartoon, by David Low.
Briand,
French
Prime
Minister
SOURCE WORK: 1) First, describe the storyline shown in the cartoon. 2) Then,
relate the political message intended by the cartoonist what does the horse
represent, what does the cart represent, why is it stuck in the air, who are the two
men, why is one carrying a whip and one a shovel what is the political message ?
Lloyd-George,
British Prime
Minister
What is
this
referring
to?
What does the horse represent?
Why is the
cart up-
ended?
Why is Lloyd-George
holding a shovel?
Why is
Briand
holding
a whip?
Punch was
Britains
main political
magazine of
the period.
What does
the Angel
represent?
1. Describe the
scene shown,
what is the
storyline?
2. Then, assess the
individual
features in the
cartoon.
3. Then, identify the
political message
intended by the
cartoonist.
Why the candle
snuffer?
What political
message does
it represent?
What does
the candle
represent?
What is the general political message of the cartoon?
THE FINISHING TOUCH
1. Describe the
scene shown,
what is the
storyline?
2. Then, assess the
individual
features in the
cartoon.
3. Then, identify the
political message
intended by the
cartoonist.
Who / or,
what is the
man
representing?
What does
the plank
represent
What is
being
represented
by the
hand?
What is the
political
message of
this
cartoon?
Describe the condition
of the room in which
this family is living?
How is the child shown?
Why?
Look at the caption,
what is its political
message?
How reliable is this
source?
HOW USEFUL IS THIS
SOURCE AS HISTORICAL
EVIDENCE:
i. What do we learn from it
about the period being
studied?
ii. How reliable is this
source?
Vengeance! German Nation
Today in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles the disgraceful Treaty
is being signed. Do not forget it! The German people will with
unceasing labour press forward to reconquer the place among
nations to which it is entitled. Then will come the vengeance for
the shame of 1919.
From the Deutsche Zeitung [The German Express] newspaper.
Summarize the text.
Identify the author.
Explain why the author
would feel this way.
HOW USEFUL IS
THIS SOURCE AS
HISTORICAL
EVIDENCE:
i. What do we learn
from it about the
period being studied?
ii. How reliable is this
source?
Only fools, liars and criminals could hope for mercy from the
enemy. In these nights hatred grew in me, hatred for those
responsible for the dead.
By Adolf Hitler, who had served in the army and became a future leader of
Germany
Summarize the text.
Identify the author.
Explain why the author
would feel this way.
HOW USEFUL IS
THIS SOURCE AS
HISTORICAL
EVIDENCE:
i. What do we learn
from it about the
period being studied?
ii. How reliable is this
source?
The Treaty is a failure!