1

Sensation
1. In bright light, the iris __________ and the pupil __________ to control the amount of light entering the eye.

a. b. c. d.

expands; constricts constricts; expands focuses; constricts constricts; focuses

ANSWER: A 2. The pain-killing effects of acupuncture may be related to

a. b. c. d.

sensory adaptation. stabilization of physiological nystagmus. the triggering of perceptual defense systems. release of endorphins.

ANSWER: 3. Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termed

a. b. c. d.

cognition perception. adaptation. sensation.

ANSWER: . The function of the lens is to

a. b. c. d.

locate an image. focus an image on the retina. combine the location and pro!ection on the blind spot. pro!ect an image on the cornea.

ANSWER: " !. "earing aids are of no use to an indi#idual $ith __________ deafness.

a. b. c. d.

ossicle ner#e conduction auditory

ANSWER: " %. Information processed belo$ the normal le#el of a$areness is called

a. b. c. d.

adapti#e. subnormal. psychophysical. subliminal.

ANSWER: &. The idea that the amount of change in a stimulus necessary to produce a '() is a constant proportion of the stimulus intensity is called

a. b. c. d.

$ames% la&. the all'or'none principle. the la& of diminishing returns. Weber%s la&.

ANSWER: *. (eural circuits of many sensory systems

a. b. c. d.

respond to specific stimulus patterns. respond to the &hole #isual field. respond primarily to stationary ob!ects. de#elop only after birth.

ANSWER: A +. , researcher presents t$o lights of #arying brightness to a sub-ect $ho is asked to respond .same. or .different. by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the

a. b. c. d.

!ust noticeable difference. absolute threshold. subliminal threshold. minimal threshold.

ANSWER: A 1/. 0eeing out of the corner of your eye, often important in sports acti#ities and dri#ing, is called

a. b. c. d.

tunnel #ision. peripheral #ision. astigmatism. feature detection.

ANSWER: "

11. 1rain cells that analy2e incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and mo#ement are called

a. b. c. d.

sight cells. second stage sensors. feature detectors. #ision neurons.

ANSWER: ( 12. 3hich $ould represent the greatest loss to a professional $ine taster or chef4

a. b. c. d.

#estibular loss in!ury to the pinna olfactory loss in!ury to the cochlea

ANSWER: ( 13. 5hotoreceptors are the __________ sensiti#e cells that line the retina.

a. b. c. d.

&ide band narro& band combination light

ANSWER: 1 . )ifference thresholds

a. b. c. d.

occur &hen &e can first detect some stimulus. occur &hen &e can detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus. depend on the energy necessary to stimulate a sensory receptor. are measured in $udgmental Normal ifferences.

ANSWER: " 1!. It is no$ belie#ed that subliminal ad#ertising

a. b. c. d.

is a po&erful influence and should be legally controlled. is effecti#e only &hen used in &ide'screen mo#ies. is successful because the stimuli used register unconsciously. has a &ea) effect* if any at all.

ANSWER: 1%. In order for a frog's #isual .bug-detector. to $ork, the bug must be

a. colored. b. coming closer to the frog.

c. stationary. d. mo#ing.
ANSWER: 1&. 0ubliminal perception

a. in#ol#es the presentation of stimuli too rapidly or too &ea)ly to be consciously

recognized.

b. has not been used by ad#ertisers in an attempt to increase sales. c. has dramatic effects on a person%s emotions. d. changes an indi#idual%s intended beha#ior.
ANSWER: A 1*. , #isual defect kno$n as astigmatism is the result of

a. b. c. d.

an eyeball that is too short. an eyeball that is too long. an abnormal distribution of #isual receptors in the retina. a misshapen cornea or lens.

ANSWER: 1+. 3hich sensory receptor is found in greatest numbers in the skin4

a. b. c. d.

touch receptors &armth receptors pressure receptors pain receptors

ANSWER: 2/. 6re7uency is to __________ as amplitude is to __________.

a. b. c. d.

compression; rarefaction rarefaction; compression pitch; loudness loudness; pitch

ANSWER: ( 21. 8imen refers to

a. b. c. d.

a threshold. perceptual defense. a sensation. subliminal messages.

ANSWER: A

22. The process $here the lens of the eye changes shape is called

a. b. c. d.

accommodation. plasticity. adaptation. regulation.

ANSWER: A 23. "earing loss caused $hen the eardrums or ossicles are damaged by disease or in-ury is called

a. b. c. d.

+unter%s notch. conduction deafness. stimulation deafness. ner#e deafness.

ANSWER: " 2 . The incoming flo$ of information from our sensory systems is referred to as

a. b. c. d.

sensation. perception. adaptation. cognition.

ANSWER: A 2!. 3hat sensory organs responsible for balance are also related to motion sickness4

a. b. c. d.

ciliary muscles. the cochlea. the olfactory bulb. the semicircular canals

ANSWER: 2%. The cones of the retina

a. b. c. d.

are densely pac)ed in an area called the fo#ea. are specialized for blac) and &hite sensations. function best in dim light. are not &ell specialized for fine detail.

ANSWER: A 2&. The organ of hearing, $here sensiti#e cells respond to auditory stimuli, is kno$n as the

a. b. c. d.

auditory ossicles. retina. cochlea. o#al &indo&.

ANSWER: ( 2*. 9yopia is the condition of the eyes in $hich the person cannot

a. b. c. d.

focus on distant ob!ects. see #ery &ell in dim illumination. focus on ob!ects near the eyes. see clearly because the lens is pigmented.

ANSWER: A 2+. The iris controls the

a. b. c. d.

thic)ness of the lens. size of the pupil. flexibility of the cornea. distance bet&een the lens and retina.

ANSWER: " 3/. 1rain cells that analy2e incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading and mo#ement are called

a. b. c. d.

sight cells. second stage sensors. feature detectors. #ision neurons.

ANSWER: ( 31. The psychological dimension corresponding to the amplitude of light $a#es is

a. b. c. d.

hue. brightness. transparency. timbre.

ANSWER: " 32. 0ense receptors are biological transducers, $hich means that they

a. b. c. d.

select from a broad range of stimulation. analyze the en#ironment into important features. con#ert one form of energy to another. detect only a limited range of energies.

ANSWER: ( 33. ,irborne chemical signals $hich greatly affect mating, se:ual beha#ior, and territorial marking among animals are called

a. b. c. d.

hormones. pheromones. anosmias. loc) and )ey signals.

ANSWER: " 3 . In the eye, focusing is accomplished by

a. b. c. d.

changing the thic)ness of the cornea. relaxing or constricting the fo#ea. changing the distance bet&een the lens and the retina. changing the thic)ness ,or shape- of the lens.

ANSWER: 3!. 3hich theory of hearing e:plains the perception of higher sounds4

a. b. c. d.

tone place fre.uency auditory

ANSWER: " 3%. 3hich theory of color #ision is correct4

a. b. c. d.

opponent'process trichromatic afterimage both opponent'process and trichromatic

ANSWER: 3&. ;isual acuity is best $hen

a. b. c. d.

an image falls on the rods. colors at the edges of the #isible spectrum are used. an image falls on the fo#ea. both the rods and the cones are used.

ANSWER: ( 3*. 0kin mapping indicates that

a. the forearm is the most sensiti#e area of the body. b. s)in receptors are found in #arying concentrations* reflecting the sensiti#ity of the body c. d.
areas. pain receptors do not #ary in concentration* but are uniform for all parts of the body. temperature sensiti#ity is greatest in the chest and trun) areas.

ANSWER: " 3+. 3hen an image is stabili2ed on the retina, after a brief period of time the image

a. b. c. d.

is seen &ith normal #isual acuity. is seen &ith better than normal acuity. fades and disappears. becomes distorted in shape and color.

ANSWER: ( /. ;isual perception is ultimately a function of the

a. b. c. d.

muscular mo#ements of the eye. neural acti#ity of the rods and cones. particular path&ays o#er &hich neural impulses tra#el. neural acti#ity in the brain.

ANSWER: 1. The part of the eye $here the optic ner#e lea#es the eye is called the

a. b. c. d.

lens. retina. blind spot. pupil.

ANSWER: ( 2. The point at $hich a change in sensory stimulation is detected is called the

a. b. c. d.

absolute threshold. psychophysical e.uation. !ust noticeable difference. Weber Effect.

ANSWER: ( 3. (ight #ision is mainly due to an increase in

a. rhodopsin. b. #isual acuity. c. peripheral #ision.

d. the sensiti#ity of the lens.

ANSWER: A . The #estibular sense helps keep us from

a. b. c. d.

eating too much. star#ing to death. being blinded by the sun. falling o#er.

ANSWER: !. The minimum amount of energy needed for a sensation to occur is called

a. b. c. d.

the absolute threshold. a transducer. data reduction. minimal le#el.

ANSWER: A %. The electromagnetic spectrum includes #isible light, infrared and ultra#iolet light, radio $a#es, and

a. b. c. d.

a broad range of ner#e impulses. tele#ision broadcasts* gamma rays* and other energies. a single form of energy. many )inds of ner#e impulses.

ANSWER: " &. 3hich of the follo$ing is a skin sensation4

a. b. c. d.

oomami olfaction pain gra#ity

ANSWER: ( *. Taste buds sensiti#e to s$eet substances are found primarily on the __________ of the tongue.

a. b. c. d.

tip side bac) middle

ANSWER: A

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+. The stimuli for audition are

a. b. c. a.

sound pressure &a#es. transduction &a#es. electrical &a#es. d.auditrons.

ANSWER: A !/. The __________ theory e:plains that hearing high or lo$ tones depends upon $hich area of the cochlea is most strongly stimulated.

a. b. c. d.

tone place fre.uency auditory

ANSWER: " !1. <inesthetic sensation results from

a. b. c. d.

receptors in the inner ear that signal balance. receptors in the s)in. mechanical distortion of the semi'circular canals. receptors in the muscles and !oints responding to mo#ement.

ANSWER: !2. The stapes is attached to a second membrane, or drumhead, called the __________. ,s this mo#es back and forth, it makes $a#es in a fluid $ithin the __________.

a. b. c. d.

cochlea; eardrum eardrum; tympanic membrane cochlea; o#al &indo& o#al &indo&; cochlea

ANSWER: !3. The con#ersion of electromagnetic energy into a neural impulse in#ol#es

a. b. c. d.

feature analysis. phosphenes. transduction. localization of function.

ANSWER: ( ! . The three auditory ossicles are the malleus, incus, and the

a. stapes.

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b. an#il. c. cochlea. d. organ of (orti.

ANSWER: A

!!. The amount of change necessary in a gi#en stimulus to produce a -ust noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the original stimulus. This defines

a. b. c. d.

perceptual constancy. perceptual set. Weber%s /a&. psychophysics.

ANSWER: ( !%. 0ense organs in the -oints and muscles contribute to our __________ sense.

a. b. c. d.

s)in )inesthetic pressure temperature

ANSWER: " !&. "umans respond to different $a#elengths of light by e:periencing differing

a. b. c. d.

hues. le#els of brightness. amounts of saturation. amplitudes.

ANSWER: A !*. The part of the eye that focuses the image is called the

a. b. c. d.

lens. retina. iris. pupil.

ANSWER: A !+. The scientific term for farsightedness is

a. b. c. d.

hyperopia. myopia. retinitis. astigmatism.

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ANSWER: A %/. =lfaction is another name for the sense of

a. b. c. d.

taste. smell. hearing. #ision.

ANSWER: " %1. The three small bones of the inner ear are called the

a. b. c. d.

cochlear bones. tympanic bones. basilar ossicles. auditory ossicles.

ANSWER: %2. That humans are not #isually sensiti#e to ultra#iolet radiation suggests that sensory systems function as

a. b. c. d.

transducers. encoding systems. feature detectors. data reduction systems.

ANSWER: %3. 3hich of the follo$ing body areas is most sensiti#e to pain4

a. b. c. d.

the buttoc)s the chee) the thumb pad behind the )nee

ANSWER: " % . 0ubliminal perception

a. in#ol#es the presentation of stimuli rapidly but strong enough to be consciously

recognized.

b. has been used by ad#ertising companies and politicians in an attempt to increase sales
or change opinions.

c. has strong emotional effects on a person. d. has been sho&n to ma)e people by popcorn &hen used in mo#ie theaters.
ANSWER: "

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%!. Taste buds are mainly located

a. b. c. d.

near the bac) of the tongue. near the tip of the tongue. near the middle of the tongue. on the top side of the tongue especially around the edges.

ANSWER: %%. ,ccording to 3eber's 8a$, if t$o light bulbs must go out in a room in $hich t$enty are burning to make the room noticeably dimmer, then a room in $hich forty are burning $ill become noticeably dimmer $hen __________ bulbs go out.

a. b. c. d.

t&o four six eight

ANSWER: " %&. The most $idely accepted e:planation for motion sickness is pro#ided by

a. b. c. d.

dynamic mo#ement theory. sensory conflict theory. integration of the senses theory. the 0estalt principles of perception.

ANSWER: " %*. 0ensory adaptation refers to a decrease in sensory response that accompanies

a. b. c. d.

perceptual defense. threshold shifts. an unchanging stimulus. selecti#e attention.

ANSWER: ( %+. In the auditory system, the first anatomical structure to respond to the sound $a#e is>are the

a. b. c. d.

auditory ossicles. cochlea. eardrum. round &indo&.

ANSWER: ( &/. The ringing sensation follo$ing e:posure to loud sounds is called

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a. b. c. d.

olfaction. tinnitus. anosmia. gustation.

ANSWER: " &1. 9essages from the body's pain $arning system

a. b. c. d.

close the spinal gate directly. pass through the pain gate and on to a 1central biasing system.1 inhibit the production of endorphins. are processed in the right hemisphere.

ANSWER: A &2. That you do not hear the traffic outside your psychology class because you are engrossed in the lecture is a good e:ample of

a. b. c. d.

sensory gating. sensory adaptation. selecti#e attention. selecti#e detention.

ANSWER: ( &3. The __________ theory e:plains ho$ sounds up to /// hert2 reach the brain.

a. b. c. d.

place auditory fre.uency tone

ANSWER: ( & . The final step ?$ithin the ear@ re7uired to con#ert #ibrations into sound sensations is mo#ement of the

a. b. c. d.

hair cells. cochlea. pinna. ossicles.

ANSWER: A &!. , system is de#eloped $here a tele#ision camera produces an .image. of touch points applied to the back of a blind person. 0uch a system in#ol#es

a. a con#ersion of light into $N s. b. transducing light into pressure.

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c. the mechanical production of phosphenes. d. applying the 1loc) and )ey1 theory of touch.
ANSWER: " &%. 3hen you $ere in se#enth grade, you had to get glasses because you could not see the board at school. Aour #ision problem is called

a. b. c. d.

hyperopia. astigmatism. presbyopia. myopia.

ANSWER: &&. , popular theory of olfaction $hich states that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules is the __________ theory.

a. b. c. d.

fla#or2fragrance place loc) and )ey fre.uency

ANSWER: ( &*. 3hich theory of hearing e:plains the perception of lo$er sounds4

a. b. c. d.

tone place fre.uency auditory

ANSWER: ( &+. 6ilm is to camera as __________ is to eye.

a. b. c. d.

retina iris lens pupil

ANSWER: A */. (e$ mothers $ho are emotionally depressed take longer than non-depressed $omen to recogni2e pictures related to pregnancy, birth, and babies. This is an e:ample of

a. b. c. d.

a#ersi#e stimulation. perceptual defense. absolute threshold. unconscious guard.

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ANSWER: " *1. =ne of the characteristics that all sensory systems ha#e in common is

a. b. c. d.

electromagnetic sensiti#ity. transduction. con#ersion. corticalization.

ANSWER: " *2. , .silent. dog $histle takes ad#antage of a characteristic of sensory systems kno$n as

a. b. c. d.

the absolute threshold. the difference threshold. perceptual defense. a !ust noticeable difference.

ANSWER: A *3. 0kin senses, kinesthetic senses, and #estibular senses comprise $hich sense system4

a. b. c. d.

perceptual feedbac) system somesthetic sense system signal balance system motion sense system

ANSWER: " * . 9el2ack and 3all's theory that some pain messages can block other pain messages is called

a. b. c. d.

physiological nystagmus. endorphin theory. gate control theory. receptor interloc)ing.

ANSWER: ( *!. The theory of color #ision $hich states that the #isual system analy2es information into .either-or. messages is the __________ theory.

a. b. c. d.

opponent'process trichromatic primary'color polaroid

ANSWER: A

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*%. __________ is concerned $ith relating changes in physical stimuli to corresponding psychological sensations.

a. b. c. d.

3hysiological psychology 3sycho)inesis 3sychophysics 3sychometry

ANSWER: ( *&. 1lack and $hite #ision $ith greatest sensiti#ity under lo$ le#els of illumination describes the function of

a. b. c. d.

the cones. the #isual pigments. the rods. the phosphenes.

ANSWER: ( **. The fact that $e see negati#e afterimages supports $hich theory of color #ision4

a. b. c. d.

opponent'process trichromatic image formation both opponent'process and trichromatic

ANSWER: A *+. =ne of the more touch-sensiti#e areas of the human body is the

a. b. c. d.

face. thigh. bac). upper arm.

ANSWER: A +/. Bnpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is called

a. b. c. d.

a#ersi#e stimulation. absolute threshold. perceptual defense. unconscious guard.

ANSWER: ( +1. ,fter a musical concert that you en-oyed $ithout distraction, a companion complains that she heard little of the music due to fre7uent shuffling and throat-clearing in the audience. The difference in your e:perience and hers is related to

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a. b. c. d.

!ust noticeable differences. subliminal thresholds. sensory adaptation. selecti#e attention.

ANSWER: +2. 0ensory adaptation is normally most rapid for the sense of

a. b. c. d.

#ision. olfaction. taste. )inesthesis.

ANSWER: " +3. ;isual problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are the result of

a. b. c. d.

irregularities in the #isual cortex. nutritional or traumatic damage to the sensory ner#es. physical abnormalities in the structure of the eye. defecti#e processing of sensory information in the #isual cortex.

ANSWER: ( + . The e:ternal, or #isible, part of the ear is called the

a. b. c. d.

cochlea. pinna. inner ear. tympanic membrane.

ANSWER: " +!. 8ocali2ation of function means that

a. sense organs respond to only one form of stimulation. b. specific areas of the brain are specialized to interpret input from particular sense organs. c. each sense system has the means of detecting* encoding* and interpreting sensory
information in a particular sense organ.

d. the nature of one%s experience of a stimulus depends entirely on &here it is located in the
#isual field. ANSWER: " +%. The cones of the retina

a. are densely pac)ed in the periphery of the retina.

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b. are specialized for blac)* &hite* and gray sensations. c. function best in bright light. d. are responsible for night #ision.
ANSWER: ( +&. The sensation you e:perience ultimately depends on $hich of the follo$ing4

a. b. c. d.

the nature of the sensory receptors acti#ated the particular processes in#ol#ed in transduction the particular area of the brain that is acti#ated the path&ays tra#eled by ner#e impulses from sensory receptors

ANSWER: ( +*. The fre7uency of a sound determines its

a. b. c. d.

hue. intensity. amplitude. pitch.

ANSWER: ++. Trichromatic theory states that there are three kinds of __________ in the eye.

a. b. c. d.

rods iopolar cells ganglion cells cones

ANSWER: 1//. The Ishihara test

a. b. c. d.

is a test for color deficiencies. consists of colored chips that must be placed in a ro&. is scored as incorrect if you see dots and figures. is the only means of assessing true color blindness.

ANSWER: A