UMA.S.N. Assistant Professor Department of Metallurgy and Material Science College of Engineering, Pune. UMA.S.

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Importance of Material Science

Process

Structure

Property

Performance
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Structure
Macrostructure

Micro Structure

Crystal Structure
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Property
Mechanical Strength, Ductility, Malleability, Hardness, Brittle, Stiffness, Toughness Thermal
Chemical Electrical

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Materials

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Metals

Cross-section of a jet engine (PW2037) showing various components and the alloys used in manufacturing them. UMA.S.N/MST/COEP/2014 Source: Courtesy of United Aircraft Pratt & Whitney.

(a) The Audi A8 automobile which has an allaluminum body structure. (b) The aluminum body structure, showing various components made by extrusion, sheet forming, and casting processes. Source: Courtesy of ALCOA, Inc.

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ceramics

(a) High-strength alumina for high temperature applications. (b) Gas-turbine rotors made of silicon nitride. Source:Courtesy of Wesgo Div., GTE.

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density

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stiffness

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strength

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Fracture toughness

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Atomic bonding

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Types of solids
Crystalline Solids long and short range ordering
Amorphous solids no long rage ordering

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 Single Crystal /monocrystalline solid crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries. rare in nature, and are also difficult to produce in the laboratory (epitaxy, slow crystallisation) Eg: Single crystal silicon is used in the fabrication of semiconductors Polycrystalline Perfect Crystal / Whisker - no point, linear, or

planar imperfections
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(a) Nucleation of crystals at random sites in the molten metal; note that the crystallographic orientation of each site is different. (b) and (c) Growth of crystals as solidification continues. (d) Solidified metal, showing individual grains and grain boundaries; note the different angles at which neighbouring grains meet each other.
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Single Crystal

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CONTENTS
I.
II. III.

IV.
V. VI.

Iron steel : Fe-Fe3C diagram Heat treatment technology Alloy steels Cast irons Mechanical testing of materials Non destructive testing, Powder Metallurgy

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References
Physical Metallurgy V. Raghavan
Physical Metallurgy Avner Materials Science & Engineering Kodgire

Mechanical Metallurgy - Dieter

Material Science V Raghavan Material Science Callister

Physical Metallurgy Reed-Hill

NPTEL Lectures

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