Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Concept Map 4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Concept Map
Chemical Composition of the Cells

Chemical compounds Inorganic compounds Carbohydrates Organic compounds Lipids Nucleic acids

Elements

Proteins Enzymes

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Organic Compounds (contain carbon)

Living organisms

Inorganic Compounds (do not contain carbon)

Non-living organisms

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Nucleic acids

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Water Carbohydrates Acids Bases Mineral salts

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

in the Chemical Compounds

compounds

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen Hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen
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Proteins

Carbohydrates Lipids Water Nucleic acids

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

of mineral ions (Elements)

compounds Act as a cofactor for some enzymes Mg2+ is required for the synthesis of chlorophyll Formation of strong bones and teeth Regulates osmotic pressure in cells To maintain pH in the stomach Helps in the transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions
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Mg2+

Ca2+ Na2+ CI K+

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

of mineral ions

compounds Synthesis of red blood cells Synthesis of chlorophyll

Fe2+

NO 3 SO4
2 3

Components of macro molecules

PO4

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy Starch is the main energy store of carbohydrates in plant cells Glycogen is the main energy store of carbohydrates in animal tissues

Proteins

Build new cells and renew damaged tissues Synthesis of enzymes, hormones, antibodies and haemoglobin Synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells to transport oxygen Structure: basic units are amino acids 7

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Lipids

Fats and oil are important sources of energy The layer of adipose tissue insulates the bodies of animals against cold temperatures Solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K Protect major organs of the body by lining with adipose tissue Phospholipids are the main constituent of the plasma membrane Forms complex molecule structure such as steroids Wax prevents water loss in plants and infection by pathogens 8

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Nucleic acids

Basic units are nucleotides, which store genetic information in codes Two types of nucleic acids : Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA passes genetic information from one generation to another Messenger RNA carries DNAs genetic code into the cytoplasm

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

H H O

Water molecule (two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom) 10

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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4.1

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Maintaining osmotic balance and turgidity Medium for biochemical reactions Lubricant Maintaining body temperature Solvent High surface tension and cohesion Support (structure of cells) Transport medium
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