ANSI / AF&PA NDS-2001

(revised standard)
Approval Date: November 30, 2001
FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
American
Forest &
Paper
Association
American Wood Council
2001 Edition
ANSI/ AF&PA NDS-2001
(revised standard)
Approval Date: November 30, 2001
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION
FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
CopYright 2()O I
American Forest & Paper AssoCiation. Inc.
NDS21lO2 FMpmci 31 13/ D2. 11: 00AM
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCil
NDS21lO2 FMpmci 3113/ D2. 11: 00AM
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
FOREWORD
The N(I{iO/w/ Desigll Speci/icorio// (;) j()}' \\1r)()d COII -
s/mc/io/l was li rst lss ued by the National Lumber
Manufact urers Association (now the Ame ri can f' orest &
Paper Assoc iation) (Af' &PA) In 1944. under the tit le No-
/iO/w{ Desigll S/rcss-Gmde LIlI//her {//ill
I fS FOSft'llillgs. By 197 1 the scope of the Specllicat ion
had broadened to include additional wood products. [n
1977 the ti t[e was changed to retlec tt he new nature of the
Specifica ti on. and the content was rearranged to simplify
its use. The 199 I ed ition was reorganized in an cas ier to
use "equatIOn format '". and many sections were rewrillen
to provide greater clari ty.
[n 1992. Af &PA (formerly the National f ores t Prod-
ucts Association) was accredited as a canvass sponsor by
the American Natl ona[ Standards [ns ti tute (ANS[). The
Specdlcatl on subsequently gamed approval as an Ameri-
can Na tl ona[ Standard designated ANSJlNf o PA
NDS- 1991 with an approval date of October 16. 1992.
The current edit ion of the Standard IS des lgllated ANS II
AF&PA NDS-2001wi th an approval date of November
30. 2001 .
In developlllg the proVisions of thiS Spccillcati on. the
most reliable data available fromlahoratory tests and ex-
peri ence with struc tures In service have been carefully
analyzed and evaluated for the purpose of provid ing. m
convenient form. a national standard of practice.
It is intended that tlus Spec dlcation be used In con-
j unct ion Wit h competent engineering design. acc urate
fabrica tion and adequa te superv Ision of cons truc ti on.
Part icul ar all entl on IS directed to Section 2. I .2. rela ting
to the des igner's respons ibi lity to make adjus tments for
part icular end uses of structures.
Since the firs t edit ion of the Nallonal Design SpeCifi-
cation in 1944. the Associ ation ' s Technical Advisory
Commillee has conti nued to st udy and eval uate new da ta
and developments in wood deSign. Subsequent editions
of the SpeCilicati on have included appropriate reviSions
to provide for use of such new IIlformat ion. ThiS editi on
incorporated nll merous changes as a result of the ANS I!
Af &PA Canvass Commit tee' s cons ideration of recom-
mended changes by industry and others. The contributions
of the members of this Commillee to improvement of the
Specificat ion as a natl omtl design standard for wood con-
struction are espeCi ally recognized.
Acknowledgement IS made to the Forest Prod ucts
Laborat ory. U.S. Department ofAgn culture. for data and
puhlicatl ons generously made available. and to the engi-
neers . SCientis ts and other users who have suggested
changes in the content of the Spec i Ilcatl on. The ASSOC ia-
t ion invites and welcomes commen t s. inq uiries .
suggestions and new data relative to the proVISIOns of this
document.
[t is lil t ended that thiS doc ument be used in conJ unc-
t ion wllh competen t engineering deSign. acc ura te
fabrication . and adequate superviSion of cons truc ti on.
Af &PA does not ass ume any respons ibi lity for errors or
omi ssions In the doc ument. nor for engllleering des igns.
plans. or constructi on prepared from it.
Those using tillS standard assume all liability arislllg
from its use. The design of engllleered structures is within
the scope of expert ise of hcensed engineers . arclll tecis. or
other licensed professionals for appl ications to a particu-
lar structure.
Ame ri can Forest & Paper ASSOCiation
AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
NDS21lO2 FMpmci 31 13/ D2. 11:00AM
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCil
NDS21lO2 FMpmci

3113/ D2. 11: 00AM

NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Par(fTilk
1 General Requirements for
Structural Design .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . 1
1.1 Sl:ope 2
1.2 General Requirements 2
1.3 Standard as a Whole 2
1.4 Design Loads 2
1. 5 Specifications and Plans 3
1.6 Not ati on 3
2 Design Values for Structural
Members . ...... .. .......... .. .. .. ...... . ...... .. ...... . 7
2. 1 General X
2.2 Design Values X
2.3 Adjustment of Design Values X
3 Design Provisions and
Equations .. . 11
3. 1 Genera l 12
3.2 Bending Members - General 13
3.3 Bending Members - r kxure 13
3.4 Bending Members - Shear 15
3.5 Bending Members - Del1eclion IX
3.6 Compression Members - General IX
3.7 Solid Columns
].X TensIOn Membe rs 20
3.t) Combined Bending and AXial
Load ing 21
3.1 0 Des ign for Bear lll g 22
4 Sawn Lumber ........... . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .... 23
4. 1 General 24
4.2 Design Values 25
4.3 Adjustment of Design Values 26
4.4 Special Des ign Considerations 2X
5 Structural Glued Laminated
Timber .. .. .. .. .......... . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .... 31
5. 1 General
5.2 Design Values
5.3 Adjustment of Design Values
5A Special Des ign Considerat ions
32
33
33
35
6 Round Timber Poles and
Piles ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .37
6. 1 General 3X
6.2 Des ign Va lues 3X
6.3 Adjustment of Des ign Values 3X
7 Prefabricated Wood I-Joists . 43
7. 1 General 44
7.2 Design Va lues 44
7.3 Adj us tment of Des ign Va lues 44
7.4 Special Design Cons iderations 45
8 Structural Composite
Lumber ... ....... .. ....... ... .. .. . ... ....... .. . 47
g. 1 General 4g
K2 Des ign Values 4S
g.3 Adjustment of Des ign Values 4g
g.4 Spel:ial Design Cons iderations 50
9 Wood Structural Panels . .. .51
9. 1 General 52
9.2 Design Va lues 52
9.3 Adjustment of Des ign Values 5J
9.4 Des ign Considerat ions 53
10 Mechanical Connections ........ . 55
10.1 General
5()
10.2 Design Values 57
10.3 Adjustment of Design Values 57
11 Dowel-Type Fasteners . .. .. ....... . 65
11 .1 General 6()
11 .2 Withdrawa l Design Va lues 6X
11 .3 Lateral Des ign Values 71
II A Combined Late ra l and Wi thdrawal
Loads
11 .5 Adjus tment of Design Val ues
11 .6 Mult iple
12 Split Ring and Shear Plate
76
7(,
79
Connectors ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ....... 103
12. I General 104
12.2 Des ign Values 105
12.3 Placement of Splil Ring and
Shear Plate Conneclors I I I
AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
NDS21lO2 FMpmci 31 13/ D2. 11: 00AM


TABLE OF CONTENTS
PanfTitk
13 Timber Rivets
13. 1 General
13.2 Design Valucs
13.3 Placemenl of Timber Rivels
14 Shear Walls and
115
116
116
l iS
Diaphragms ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. .. . 127
14. 1 General 12H
14.2 Design Princi pl es 12H
14. 3 Shear Walls 12H
14.4 Diaphragms 12l)
15 Special Loading Conditions .131
15. 1 Laleral Disl rlbulion of a
Concenlraled Load 132
15.2 Spaced Columns 132
15.3 BUI ll-Up Columns 134
15.4 Wood Columns Wilh Sidc
Loads and Eccenlrlcily 137
16 Fire Design of Wood
Members .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 139
16. 1 General 1411
16. 2 Des ign Proceedures for Exposed
Wood Members 1411
16.3 Wood Connections 141
P"rtfTitk
Appendix
Appendix A (Non-mandalory)
Construcllon and Des ign Pract ices
Appendix B (Non-mandalory)
Load Duration
Appendix C (Non-mandalory)
Temperature Effects
Appendix D (Non-mandatory)
Lateral Slabi llt y of Beams
Appendix E (Non- mandatory)
Local Stresses in Fastener Groups
Appendix F (Non-mandatory)
Design for Cree p and Cnlical Dellecti on
Appl icallons
Appendix G (Non-mandalory)
143
144
146
14S
149
1511
154
Effect ive Column Lenglh 156
Appendix H (Non-mandalory)
Lateral Slabillt y of Columns 157
Appendix I (Non-mandatory)
Yi el d Limit Equali ons for Connections 15H
Appendix J (Non-mandatory)
Solulion of Hankinson Formula
Appendix K (Non-mandalory)
Typical Dimens ions for Spli t Ring
and Shear Plate Connectors
Appendix L (Non-mandatory)
Typical Dimensions for Standard
Hex Bolls
161
164
165
Hex Lag Screws 166
Wood Screws 167
Common. Box and Sinker Nalls 16H
Appendix M (Non-mandatory)
Manufacturing Tolerances for Rivets
and Sleel Side Plates for Timber
Ri vet Conneclions (See Chapter 13) 169
References
References
... .. .. ... ... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ... ... 171
172
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCil
NDS21lO2 FM pmci 31 13/ D2. 11: 00AM

NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
LIST OF TABLES
2.3.2 Frequently Used Load Duration
Factors. Co ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . lJ
2.3.3 Temperature Factor. C! ..... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... lJ
3.3.3 Effective Lenglh. (c' for Bending Members .. 14
3.3.4 Form Factors. C
r
... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ... 15
.1 . 10.4 Bearing Area Factors. C" ... .. ... ... .... ... .. .. .. ... .. 21
4.3.1 Applicability of AdJusLment Factors for
4.H
5. 1..1
5.3. I
6A
(,B
6.3.1
6.3.5
6 . .1 .1 2
7.3. I
8.3.1
lJ.J . I
10.3. I
10.3.3
10.3.4
IO.3.6A
Sawn Lumber ......................... . . .... . 27
Inc ising Factors. C, ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . 27
Nel Finished Widlhs of Glued
Laminaled Timbers .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. ... .. .. . 32
Applicability of Adjuslment Faclors for
Glued Lamillated Timber ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34
Design Values for Trealed Round
Timber Piles .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . 3lJ
Design Values for Poles Graded in
Accordance wilh ASTM D3200
Applicability of Adjuslment Faclors for
... ... 3lJ
Round Timber Poles and Pi les .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3lJ
Unlreated Factors. Cu' for Timber Poles
and Piles ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .. .... .. .. 40
Single Pile Factors. C,p. for Round
Timber Piles .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . 41
Applicability of AdJusLmcnt Faclors for
Prefabricaled Wood I-Joisls .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . 44
Applicability of AdJusLment Factors for
Structural Compos lie Lumber ... .. .. .. ... . 49
Applicability of Adjuslment Faclors for
Wood Slructural Panels .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... . 53
Applicability of AdJusLmcnt Faclors for
Connecllons ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . 5,s
Wet Service Faclors. ~ l for Connections .... .. 5lJ
Temperature Factors. C,. for Conneclions ... .. .. 5lJ
Group Aclion raclors. C
f
for Bolt or
Lag Screw Connections Wilh Wood
Side Members .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... ... .. 62
IO.J .6B Group Act ion Factors. C ~ . for 4" Spilt
Ring or Shear Plate Connectors With
Wood Side Members ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 62
IO.J,(,C Group Action raclors. C
g
for Boll or
Lag Screw Connections With Sled
Side Plates .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 63
IO.J,(,D Group Action ractors. C
g
for 4" Shear
Plate Connectors With Steel Side Plates ... .. . 64
11 .2A Lag Screw Withdrawal Design
Values (W) .... .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... .. 6,s
11. 2B Cul Thread or Rolled Thread Wood
Screw Withdrawal Design Values (W) .. ..... .. 6lJ
11 .2C Nail and Spike Wilhdrawal DeSign
Values (W) .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 70
11. J . IA Yield Limit Equations .... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... 71
I 1 . .1 . 1 B Reducll on Terms ... .. ..... .. ... ... .. .. .. 72
II .J .2 Dowel Bearing Slrengths ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 7J
I 1 . .l .2A Ass igned Specdic Gravities .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 74
II. J .2B Dowel Bearing Strenglhs for Wood
Slructural Panels .. . . ....... ....... .. 75
II .5 . IA Edge Distance Requirements .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 76
II .5 . IB End Dis Lance Requirements ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 77
II .5 . IC Spacing Requlremenls for Fasleners
III a Row ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . 78
I 1.5 . 1 D Spacing Reqlllrements Belween Rows .... .. .. 7,s
11 .5 . 1 E Edge and End Distance and Spacing
Reqlllrements for Lag Screws Loaded In
IIA
liB
Withdrawal and Nol Loaded Laterally .. .. .. .. . 7,s
BOLTS: DeSign Values (Z) for Single
Shear (lWO member) Connect ions for
Sawn Lumber or SCL with bOlh
members of Ident ical specd"ic gravlly ... .. ... .. ,s0
BOLTS: DeSign Values (Z) for Single
Shear (lWO member) Connections for
Sawn Lumber or SCL with 1/4" ASTM
A36 steel side plate .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ,s2
AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
NDS21lO2 FMpmci 31 13/ D2. 11: 00 AM
lie
110
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I IC
I IH
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11K
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NDS21lO2 FMpmci
LIST OF TABLES
BOLTS: Des ign Values (Z) lor Single
Shear (two member) Connect ions for
Glued Laminated Timber malll member
wit h sawn lumber side member of
ident ic al speci fi c gravit y ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. S3
BOLTS: Des ign Val ues (Z) for Single
Shear (Iwo member) Connect ions lor
Glued Laminated Timber with 1/4"
ASTM A36 steel side plate ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . S4
BOLTS: Des ign Values (Z) lor Singl e
Shear ( two member) Connections for
Sawn Lumber or SCL to concrete .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . S5
BOLTS: Des ign Values (Z) for Double
Shear (three member) Connections lor
Sawn Lumber or SCL with bot h members
of Identi cal specific gravit y ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. S6
BOLTS: Des ign Values (Z) for Double
Shear (three member) Connections for
Sawn Lumber or SCL wit h 1/4" ASTM
A36 steel si de plat e ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . Sg
BOLTS: Des ign Values (Z) for Double
Shear (three member) Connections lor
Glued Laminated Timber main member
with sawn lumber side member of
ident ic al species ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. SlJ
BOLTS: Des ign Val ues (Z) for Double
Shear (three member) Connect ions for
Glued Laminated Timber with 1/4"
ASTM A36 steel side plate ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . 90
LAG SCREWS: Des ign Values (Z) for
Shear (two member) Connections
for Sawn Lumber or SCL wi th both
members of Identi cal specific gravity .. .. .. ... . 92
LAG SCREWS: Design Val ues (Z) lor
Singl e Shear (two member) Connections
wllh 1/4" ASTM A36 steel side plate. or
ASTM A653. Grade 33 steel side plat e
(for t,<1/4") .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . 94
WOOD SCREWS: Des ign Values (Z) lor
Single Shear (two member) Connections
for Sawn Lumber or SCL wi th both
members of Identical speCIfic gravity .. .. .. ... . 95
WOOD SCREWS: Des ign Values (Z) for
Singl e Shear (two member) Connections
wit h ASTM A653. Grade 33 steel side
pl:lt e ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . 96
l i N
l iP
I IQ
I IR
COMMON WIRE. BOX. or SINKER
NAILS: Design Values ( Z) for Single
Shear (two member) Connect ions for
sawn lumber or SCL wllh both members
of Identical spec ific gra vlly .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... lJ 7
COMMON WIRE. BOX. or SINKER
NAILS: Design Values (Z) lor Single
Shear (two member) Connections wllh
ASTM A653. Grade 33 steel side plates ... .. .. .. lJS
COMMON WIRE. BOX. or SINKER
NAILS: Design Values (Z ) for Single Shear
(two member) Connect ions wi th Wood
Structural Panel si de members with an
effective G = 0.50 ... .... . 100
COMMON WIRE. BOX. or SINKER
NAILS: Design Values (Z) for Single Shear
(two member) Connections with Wood
Structural Panel si de members with an
effective G = 0.42 ... .. .. ... .. .. . 10 1
12A Species Groups lor Split Ring and
Shear Plate Connectors .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . 105
12.2A Spl it Ring Connector Unit Des ign
Val ues ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . 106
12.2B Shear Plate Connector Unit Des ign
Values ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . 107
12.2.3 Penetrati on Depth factor. CJ' for Split
Ring and Shear Plate Connectors Used
wi th Lag Screws ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 109
12.2.4 Metal Side Plate Factors . C". for 4"
Shear Plate Connectors Loaded
Parall el to Grain ... ... .. lOS
12 . .1 Geomet ry Factors . for Spltt Ring
and Shear Plate Connectors .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. . I 13
13.2.3 Metal Side Plate factor. C". for Timber
Ri ve t Connecti ons .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... . 117
13.3.2 Minimum End and Edge Distances for
Ti mber Ri vet JOints ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... l i S
13.2.IA Nominal Wood Capacity Parallel to
Graill. P" . for Ti mber Rivets (Rivet
Lengt h = 1- 1/2" sp= I" 1") ... ... .. .. ... . 119
13.2.I B Nominal Wood Capacity Parallel to
Graill. P" . for Ti mber Rivets (Rivet
Length = 1-112" sp= 1- 1/2" I") ... .. .. 120
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCil
31 13/ D2. 11: 00AM
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
13.2.IC Nomi nal Wood CapacilY Parallel 10
Grain. PI" for Timber Ri vels ( Rivel
Lcnglh=2- 1/2" \ ,= I" S4= I"). . . ... 121
13.2. I 0 Nominal Wood CapacilY Parallel 10
Grain. PI" for Timber Ri vels ( Rivel
Lenglh = 2- 1/2'" Sl' = 1- 1/2" S4 = I") .... 122
13.2. I E Nominal Wood Capacity Parallel to
Graltl. PI" for Timber Ri ve ts (Rivet
Length=3- 1/2'" Sl'= I" S4= I").. . ... 123
13.2. I F Nominal Wood Capacity Parallel to
Graltl. PIA ' for Timber Ri ve ts (Rivet
Length = 3- 1/2'" Sl' = 1- 1/2" S4 = I") .... 124
13.2.2A Values 01 q" (l bs.) PerpelH.licul ar to
Gram for Ti mber Ri vets ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 125
13.2.28 Gt:ometry Factor. C ~ for Timber Ri vet
Connections Loaded Perpendicular to
Gram ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 125
15.1.1 Lateral Distributi on factors for
Moment ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . 132
15.1.2 Lateral Dis tribution In Terms of
Proport ion of Tolal Load ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . 132
16.2. 1 Effective Char Ratt:s and Char Layer
Thicknesses (for p" = 1.5 in.l hr. ) 140
16.2.2 Adj us tment factors for f ire Des ign ... ... .. .. . 141
PI
GI
I I
Coerticients of Van at ion m Modulus of
Elasticit y (COVd for Lumber and Glued
Laminated Ti mber .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . 154
Buckling Length CoeJTicienls. K ~ .... .. .. ... .. . 156
f as tener Bending Yi eld Strengths. F)b ... .. .. 160
LIST OF TABLES IN THE NDS SUPPLEMENT
IA NOllllllal and Mlnlmllm Dressed Sizes of
Sawn Lumber .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 13
I B Section Properties of Standard Dresst:d
(S4S) Sawn Lumber .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .. 14
I C Section Properties 01 \ Vi:'s/em Spccics Glued
Laminat t:d Timber .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16
1 D Section Properties of SOllflicm Pi llc Glued
Lamina ted Timber .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22
4A Base Design Values for Visually Graded
Dimension Lumber (2'" -4" thick) (All speCIes
except Southern Pine) .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. 30
4B Des ign Values lor Visually Graded Southern
Pine DimenSIOn Lumber (2" -4" thick) .. ... .. .. ... .. . 36
4C Design Val ues for Mechanically Graded
Dimension Lumbel .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . 3lJ
4D Design Va lues lor Visually Graded Ti mbers
(5" x 5" and larger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 43
4E Design Values for Visually Graded Decking ... .. .. 50
4F Base Des ign Values for Non-North American
Vi sually Graded Di menSion Lumber
(2"-4" thi ck) .. .. . .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . 53
5A Design Values for St ructural Glued
Laminat ed Softwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily In bending) .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 57
5B Design Values for Structural Gl ued
Laminat ed Softwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily in aXial tensIOn or
compression) ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 63
5C Design Values for St nl ctural Gl ued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily In bending) ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 68
5D Design Values for St nl ctural Gl ued
Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members
stressed primarily in aXial lens ion or
compression) ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 711
AMERtCAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION
NDS21lO2 FM pmci 31 13/ D2. 11: 00 AM
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION
LIST OF FIGURES
3A
3B
3D
3E
3F
3G
3H
31
3J
4A
Spacing of Siaggered Fasleners .. .... 12
Nel Cross Seclion al a Splil Ring or Shear
Plale Connection ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 12
Shear at Supports .. .. ... .. .. .... ... .. .. . . . .. .. . I (I
Bending Member End-Nolched on
Compression Face .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . 17
ElTeclive Depth, de. of i'vkmbcrs al
Connections ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 17
Simple Solid Column ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... . 18
Combined Bending and Axial Tension .. ... .. .. .. . 21
Combined Bending and Axial Compression .... 21
Bearing at an Angle 10 Grain .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 22
Nolch Limitations for Sawn Lumber Beams .. . 29
SA Curved Bending MembcI ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 35
lOA Eccentric Conneclions ... .... ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 5(1
lOB Group Action f{n Staggered Fasleners ... .. ... .. .. . 61
IIA Toe-Nail Connection .. ... ... .... ... .. .. ... .. ... .... ... ... .. 67
II B Singh: Shear Bolled Conneclion ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 72
Ill' Double Sb,,,, Bolted Connections .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 72
110 Mu ltiple Shear Bolted Connection .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . 75
II E Shear Area for BoIled Conneclions ... ... .. .. ... .. .. 75
II F Combincd Lalcral and Withdrawal Loading .. .. 76
II G Bolted Connection Geometry ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 77
11 1-1 Spacing Bctween Ouler Rows of Bolls ... .. ... .. .. 78
12A Splil Ring Conneclot .. ... .. .. ... ... .... ... .. . . ... . 104
12B Pressed Slecl Shear Plate Connector .. ... .. .. .. .. 104
12C Mulbble Imn She", P],,,, Conneel", .. .. ... .. .. 104
120 Axis of Cut for Symlm:trical Sloping
End CuI ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. 109
12E Axis of Cut for Asymmetrical Sloping
End CuI ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. 109
12F Square End Cut ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . 110
12(; Sloping End Cui with Load Parallel 10Axis
of CuI Up=OU). . 110
12H Sloping End Cui with Load Perpendicular \0
121
Axis of CuI (q)=90
0
) .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . 110
Sloping End Cut with Load al an Angle <p
10 Axis of CuI . 110
12J Connection Geometry for Splil Rings and
Shear Plates . III
12K End Distance for Members with Sloping
End Cui .................... . III
13A End and Edge Dislance Requirements for
Timber Rivel Joints .. ... .. .. ... .... ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... 118
14.4. 1 Diaphragm Lenglh and Width ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . 129
15A Spaced Column Joined by Split Ring or
Shear Plale Connectors ... .. ... .. .. ..... .. ... 133
15B Mechanically La minated Buill-Up Column .. . 135
15C TypIcal Nailing Schedules for Built-up
Columns .... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . 136
ISO Typical Bolling Schedules for Buill-up
Columns .... ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . 136
15E Eccenlrically Loaded Column .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . 138
BI Load Duration Faclors, CD' for Various
Load Durations ... .. ... .. .. .. . . 147
EI Siaggered Ruws of Bolls .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... . lSI
E2 Single Row of Bolts ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. . 152
E3 Single Row of Split Ring Connectors .. .. .. .. .. .. 153
J I Connection Yield Modes ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 159
J 1 Solution of Hankinson Formula .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... 163
J2 Connection Loaded al an Angle 10 Grain 163
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCil
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5 U P P L E MEN ,
DESIGN VALUES FOR
WOOD CONSTRUCTION
American
Forest &
Paper
Association
American Wood Council
2001 Edition
5 U P P L E MEN ,
NATIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION
I Su.pp FM D, alt. pmd
DESIGN VALUES FOR
WOOD CONSTRUCTION
Copyright :O 200 I
American Forest & Paper Association, Inc.
3i l 1i02. 10:1SAM
Introduction
This Supplement is an integral part or the Nariol/a/
Desigll 5'pec!licaliol/ ' (NDS' j for Wood COIISTructioll .
200 I Edition. It provides design values for structural sawn
lumber and structural glued laminated limber.
Lumber
The design values for lumber in this Supplement are
obtained from grading rules published by seven agencies:
National Lumber Grades Authority (a Canadian agency),
Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association, North-
ern Softwood Lumber Bureau. Redwood Inspection
Service. Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, West Coast
Lumber Inspection Bureau amI Western Wood Products
Association. The grading mles promulgated by these agen-
cies, including Ihe desi gn values therein, have been
approved by the Board of Review oflhe American Lum-
ber Siandards Commillee and cerlified for conformance
wilh U.S. Deparlment of Commerce Voluntary Product
Siandard PS 20-99, (American Soflwood Lumber Slan-
dard).
Design values for most species and grades of visually
graded dimension lumber are based on Ihe provisions of
ASTM Siandard 01990-00'1 (Establishing Allowable Prop-
erties for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber from
In-Grade Tests of rull-Size Specimens) . Design values
for visually graded timbers. decking. and some species and
grades of dimension lumber are based on the provisions of
ASTM Slandard 0245-00" 1 (Establishing Siruciural Grades
and Re1aled Allowable Propel1ies for Visually Graded Lum-
ber). The melhods in ASTM Siandard 0 245-00,.1 involve
adjusling the slrength properties of small clear specimens
of wood, as given in ASTM Siandard 02555-98 (Eslab-
lishing Clear Wood Strenglh Values). for Ihe elrecls of
knols. slope of grain. splils. checks. size. dunllion of load.
moisture conlenl and olher inl1uencing factors, to obtain
design values applicable 10 normal condilions of service.
Lumber struclures designed on Ihe basis of working
stresses dcrived from ASTM Slimdard 0245 procedures
and standard design crileria have a long hislory of satis-
factory performance.
Design values for machine Slress rated (MSR) lum-
ber and machine evalualcd lumbcr ( MEL) are based on
nondestructive Icsting of individual pieces. Cerlain visual
grade requirements also apply to such lumber. The st ress
rating syslem used for MSR and MEL lumber is regularly
checked by the responsible grading agency for conform-
ance to established certification and quality conlrol
procedures.
For additional information on developmenl and appli-
cabilit y oflumber design values, the gradi ng rules published
by the individual agencies and the refercnced ASTM Stan-
dards shoul d be consulted.
Clued Litminated Timber
Design values in this Supplement for glued laminaled
limber are developed and published by the Amcrican In-
slitule of Timber Conslruclion (AITC) and APA-The
Engineered Wood Associalion (APA) in accordance wilh
principles originally cstablishcd by the U.S . rorest Prod-
ucts Laboratory mthe carly 1950s. These principles involve
adjusling strenglh properties of clear straight grained lum-
ber to account for knOb. slope of gralll . densily. size of
member, numbcr of laminalions and other factors unique
10 laminated timbcr.
Spccific mclhods uscd 10 establish design values have
been periodically revised and improved to rellectlhe resulls
oflests oflarge glued laminated timber members conducted
by the U.S. rorest Producls Laboralory and other accred-
i\ed tesling agenci es. The perfonnance hislory of structures
made wilh glued laminaled timber conforming to AITC
specifications and manufactured in accordance wilh Ameri-
can National Siandard ANSUAITC A 190.1-1992 (Slruclural
Glucd Laminaled Timber) has demonstrated the vali dilY of
Ihe methods used 10 establish glued laminated timber design
values.
Conditions of Use
Design values presented in this Supplement are for
normal load duration under dry conditions of service. Be-
cause the strength of wood varies wilh conditions under
which it is used. these design values should only be applied
in conjunclion wilh appropriate desi gn and service recom-
mendations from the NDS. Additionally, the deSIgn values
in Ihis Supplement apply only 10 malerial identified by Ihe
grade mark of. or certificate of inspection issued by. a grad-
ing or inspeclion bureau or agency recognized as being
compelent.
AMERtCAN WOODCa.n:: IL
Su.pp FM D, alt. pmd 3i 11i02. 10:1SAM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
C]'''plcr 'Titk
1 Sawn Lumber Grading
Agencies 1
1.1 Lisl or Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies
2 Species Combinations 3
2. I Li st 01 Sawn Lumber Species
Combinati ons 4
2.2 Li sl of Non-Nort h American Sawn
Lumber Spec ies Combinati ons 7
2.3 Li st of Siruclural Glued Lammaled
Timber Spec ies Combinati ons g
LIST OF TABLES
I A N0Il1111al and Milll1l1UIl1 Dressed Sizes of
Sawn Lumber ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. . 13
113 Section Properl ies of Standard Dressed
(S4S) Sawn Lumber .... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 14
I C Section Properties of IVi:'.I"/c/"li Spl'cie.\' Glued
Laminated Timber .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . 16
10 Section Prope rli es of SOIlfI'1'1"II Pille Glued
Laminaled Timber .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . 22
4A Base Design Values for Vis ually Graded
Di mension Lumber (2"-4" lhick) (All spec ies
excepl Soulhern Pine) ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . 30
413 Design Values lor Visually Graded Soulhern
Pi ne DimenSion Lumber (2 "-4" lhlCk) .... .. .. .. .. . 36
4C Design Values tor Mechanically Graded
Dimension Lumber ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 39
40 Design Values tor Visuall y Graded Ti mbers
(S'. x S'. and larger) ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . .43
4E Design Values for Visua lly Graded Decking .. . 50
3 Section Properties 11
3.1 Section Properlies Dr Sawn Lumber
and Glued Laminated Timber
4 Design Values 29
4F Base Design Values for Non-Nort h Ameri can
Visually Graded Di mension Lumber
(2"-4" lhl ck) ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 53
5A Des ign Val ues for Slrucl ural Glued
Laminaled Softwood Timbe r (Members
slressed primarily In be nding) ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 57
58 Des ign Values for Slrucl ural Glued
Laminaled Softwood Timbe r (Members
slressed pri mari ly in axial tension or
compressIOn) .... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. . .
5C DeS ign Values tor Strucl ural Glued
Lanlillaled Hardwood Ti mber (Members
. .. 63
slressed primari ly in bending) . . ....... .. 6S
5 0 DeSign Values tor Slrucl ural Glued
Lanlillaled Hardwood Ti mber (Members
slressed pri mari ly In axial lens Ion or
compressIOn) ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . 70
Nv1ERICANFOREST &PAPER ASSOCIATION
Su.pp FM D, alt. pmd 3i 11i02. 10:1SAM
AMERICAN WOODCa.n:: IL
Su.pp FM D, alt. pmd

3i 11i02. 10:1SAM
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