Title: Refraction Experiment Aim: To find the relationship between different density of medium and its absolute refractive

index Hypothesis: I think that the medium that has the lowest refractive index is vegetable oil because its the least dense among all the medium, and the medium that has the highest refractive index will be the glass because its the most dense Variables: -Dependent variable: Absolute refractive index (I will measure this using a protractor -Independent variable: Different medium (glass, vegetable oil, sugar solution, water) -Controlled variables: 1.Same volt of the light ray (0.6 V) I will control this by not turning the switch of the light source 2.Same protractor (provided by school) I will control this by always using the same protractor and not changing it with my other classmates Equipment: -1 6-volt light source -1 protractor -1 50 cm ruler -2 piece of A4 paper -1 scientific calculator Set up diagram:

Method: 1.Gather all the equipment needed. 2.Place the glass box on the A4 paper and draw the figure 3.Draw a 30angle on the top part of the glass 4.Turn on the light source to 6 volt and position the light ray according to the line you have drawn 5.Observe the refracted light at the other side of the glass box and draw a point on the light ray thats not in a line with the ray on the others side

6.Connect the line with a ruler and extend the normal line you made in the beginning of the experiment 7.Measure the refracted angle with the protractor from the normal line to the line you drew 8..Repeat step 2-6 but with different medium (vegetable oil, sugar solution, water) 9.Repeat step 7 with different incident angles( 45 and 60) 10..Calculate the absolute refractive index using the snells law using the scientific calculator sin(incident angle) ---------------------- - = sin(refracted angle) n2 ---n1

The relationship between different density of medium and its absolute refractive index 1 2 Medium Sini Sinr Sini/sinr 30 19 0.5 0.3 1.53 Glass 45 31 0.7 0.51 1.53 60 41 0.86 0.65 1.53 Vegetable 30 29 0.5 0.4 1.03 Oil 45 44 0.7 0.69 1.03 60 59 0.86 0.85 1.03 Sugar 30 27 0.5 0.45 1.1 Solution 45 37 0.7 0.6 1.1 60 48 0.86 0.74 1.1 30 24 0.5 0.406 1.2 Water 45 35 0.7 0.57 1.2 60 45 0.86 0.70 1.2 The relationship between different density of medium and its absolute refractive index No Medium Absolute Refractive Index Uncertainty 1 Glass 1.53 0.5 2 Vegetable oil 1.03 0.5 3 Sugar solution 1.1 0.5 4 Water 1.2 0.5

The absolutre refractive index

The relationship between different density of medium and its absolute refractive index 2.5
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 2 4 Different medium 6

1.Vegetable oil 2.Sugar solution

Conclusion The experiment I did was to find the relationship between the dense of a medium and its absolute refractive index. My hypothesis is proved to be correct because through my experiment I concluded that the medium (vegetable oil) that was the least dense had the lowest absolute refractive index and the medium (glass) that was the densest among all had the biggest absolute refractive index. This is because in a less dense medium the refractive angle formed is bigger because light travels faster in less dense medium. Analysis From the graph that I constructed based on the experiment it proves that the number of how much a medium is dense is inversely proportional to the absolute refractive index since in the graph the medium is arranged from the least dense to the densest, and the datas trend is going up. Meaning if the medium is denser than the absolute refractive will be bigger. Based on the graph I can see that it supports fully my hypothesis even though there is a uncertainty of 0.5,meaning the graph is 100% true if we base it on the hypothesis, even though the number might not be correct it still supports perfectly my hypothesis. The uncertainty might change the amount of the absolute refractive index but it will not change the conclusion drastically and the theory proven will still be the same Evaluation During the experiment, there was some source of slight error because when we drew point of the refracted angle it might not be accurate because there was some systematic error coming from the protractor, the uncertainty of the data comes from the protractor used to measure the angles. Also my group was rushing because when we were doing our experiment because we needed to test 4 different medium,3 angles for each so me and my group didnt do any trials so there might be some source of error. Next time to improve the data, I will do 3 trials for each of the angles and for the 4 mediums and I will also ask my other group members to hold the glass and the light source/box to make sure that they wont move when I am drawing the angles