Cleaning In Poultry Industry

S.T.Moubarak Cairo University

 Establishing a regular cleaning and disinfecting procedures is a part of the Biosecurity Program

Cleaning and Disinfection

CLEANING
Scientific definition: A process combining the physical input of energy with surfactant/detergent activity to remove organic material and associated micro-organisms.

Practical definition: Physical action with detergent giving the removal of organic material and 99-99.9% of organisms present.

Soil

"matter-out-of-place"

Nature of the Soil

COMPONENT SOLUBILITY EASE OF REMOVAL Easy CHANGES INDUCED BY HEATING Caramelization, more difficult to clean Sugar Water soluble

Fat

Water insoluble, alkali soluble Water insoluble, alkali soluble, slightly in acid

Difficult

Polymerization

Protein

Very difficult

Denaturation , much difficult to clean

Salts (Monovalent) Polyvalent (i.e CaPO4 )

Water soluble, acid soluble Water soluble, acid soluble

Easy Difficult

None Interactions with other constituents, more difficult to clean

FUNDAMENTALS OF CLEANING (Detergency Processes)

1. Good contact ------------- Wetting 2. Displacement ------------- Saponifying the Fat ------------- Peptizing the Proteins ------------- Dissolving the Minerals 3. Dispersion -------------- Deflocculation or Emulsification 4. Preventing re-deposition --------- Rinsing

Chemical Action

Soils are electro-chemically bonded to the surface. We must break that bond to remove the soils Cleaning happens at Neutral (pH = 7)

Cleaning With Chemistry 1. Identify the relative pH of the soil 2. Apply a product with the opposite pH 3. Wait for some time for the chemistry to work

Types Of Cleaners
Neutral Cleaners Alkaline Cleaners Acid Cleaners Disinfectant Cleaners Abrasive Cleaners & Cleaning Abrasives Enzymatic Cleaners Specialty Cleaners

Cleaners In Poultry Industry

ALKALINE CLEANERS ACID CLEANERS

pH Scale

Building Blocks of Alkaline Detergents

The essential components of alkaline detergent are:

1. Surfactants 2. Alkalis 3. Builders 4. Other Performance Ingredients

Surfactants

Surfactants

Anionic Surfactants
Soap is an Anionic Surfactant but has been largely superseded by synthetic anionic surfactants which are less sensitive to the adverse effects of hard water ions (Ca2+, Mg2+). Anionic Surfactants are used in most general purpose detergents for wetting, particulate soil removal and soil suspension.

Anionic Surfactants (e.g. Soap)

Alkalis
Their functions include: Neutralisation of acidic soiling Saponification of fatty soil Enhancement of soil removal, for example, with anionics Improving soil suspension and preventing redeposition

Alkalis
The alkalis generally used in detergents are: Sodium / Potassium* Silicates Sodium / Potassium* Carbonates Sodium / Potassium* Hydroxides * The potassium salts are used for liquid detergent products due to their higher solubility.

Builders

Detergent builders are chemicals which remove hard water ions (Calcium and Magnesium) from the wash liquor.

Builders
Detergent Builders remove calcium and magnesium ions by one of two mechanisms:

Ion Exchange: e.g. Zeolites Complexing: e.g. EDTA, Sodium citrate, Condensed phosphates

Builders
In the absence of builders, Calcium and Magnesium ions are removed by precipitation with detergent components. Ca2+ + Silicate Calcium Silicate Scale Ca2+ + Carbonate Calcium Carbonate Scale (Limescale) Ca2+ + Stearic Soap Calcium Stearate

Acid Cleaners

Used to clean mineral deposits and/or rust stains left by hard water

Acid Cleaners
Select by the type of acid and its strength Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid should only be used by trained persons. Phosphoric acid cleaners 8 to 20% will not damage chrome or stainless steel surfaces. Products as strong as 33% are used as descalers.
Acid cleaners always require Personal Protective Equipment



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