CHAPTER 3

TEST EQUIPMENTS

What Is Test Equipments ?

Electronic El i test equipment i i used is d to create signals and capture responses from electronic l i devices. d i I this In hi way, faults f l in i the h device can be traced and repaired.

Example Of Test Equipments

Analogue A l and d Di Digital i l Multimeter M li Oscilloscope Signal Generator Transistor Tester Colour TV test pattern generator

Multimeter

A multimeter is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure voltage, current and resistance. There are 2 types of multimeter which are : Digital Multimeter Analog Multimeter

Analog Multimeter

Resolution of analog multimeters is limited by the width of the scale pointer. Accuracy of readings obtained is also often compromised p by y miscounting g division markings. g Resistance measurements are of low precision due to the typical resistance measurement circuit which compresses the scale heavily at the higher resistance values.

Digital Multimeter

A digital multimeter displays the quantity measured as a number, which eliminates li i parallax ll errors. Digital multimeters are often used due to their accuracy durability and extra features accuracy,

Digital g Vs Analog g Multimeter

Digital Multimeter Display A Accuracy Scale Analog Multimeter Use a needle to indicate a Displaying a number using measurement electronic digits L Accuracy Less A Must set the scale on an analog meter Looking at an analog needle at different angle can get an inaccurate reading called parallax error Expensive M More A Accuracy Automatically detects the scale and indicates it on the display. Displays a number and eliminate the parallax error.

Parallax Error

Price

Cheap

Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope p is a instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. g In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal g voltage g as a function of time. The oscilloscope is probably the most versetile, informative & useful electronic instrument. instrument

Oscilloscope Function

Oscilloscope p is the most versatile of the test instrument. It can be used for : wave-form analysis, y Signal frequency measurement peak voltage g measurement Peak to p Signal tracing

Type of Oscilloscope

Digital oscilloscopes Analog oscilloscopes

Digital oscilloscopes

It uses digital principles. A test signal will be converted to digital di i l processed d by b a digital di i l circuit i i (such ( h as computer systems) and displayed on the screen. It is able to make additional measurements with high accuracy and easy to use. It is capable of remember the test signals through the memory. So it can show a clear test signal without requiring the signal scale.

Analog oscilloscopes

Oscilloscope Function Features

Oscilloscope Function Features

Basic oscilloscope is divided to 4 section which are : Display
Focus knob & Intensity knob

Vertical Controls
Volts/Div selector knob & AC/DC/Ground selector switch

Horizontal Controls
Sec/Div selector switch & horizontal beam position knob

Trigger Controls
Hold H ld off ff & Coupling C lin

Measurement with Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope calculation formulas:

Peak Voltage Vpp = Vertical distance x Volt/Div x Probe Multiplier Frequency q y Time (T) = 1 cycles distance x Time/Div Frequency (F) = 1/T

Signal Generator

Signal generators, generators also known variously as function generators is a electronic devices that generate repeating or non-repeating electronic signals They are generally used in designing, testing, troubleshooting and repairing electronic. Th most The t common waveform f i a sine is i wave, square and d triangular waveform.

Transistor Testers

Transistor testers are instruments for testing the electrical behavior of transistors and solidstate diodes

Test Pattern Generator

Test Pattern Generator is an electronic design automation method used to find an input (or test) sequence that, that when applied to a digital circuit, enables testers to distinguish between the correct circuit behavior and the faulty circuit behavior caused by defects. The generated patterns are used to test semiconductor devices after manufacture, and in some cases to assist with determining the cause of failure The effectiveness of ATPG is measured by the amount of modeled defects, or fault models, that are detected and the number of generated patterns.

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit, or stand alone unit, the function of which is to supply a stable to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits. limits The output from the regulated power supply mostly y direct current

TYPE OF POWER SUPPLY

Uninterruptible power supply Switched-mode p power supply pp y Battery

UPS

DIY Power Supply pp y

DIY Power Supply

Its main advantage is that it can produce positive and negative voltage (0V 3.3V, (0V, 3 3V 5V, 5V 12V, 12V - 5V and-12V). and 12V) Through a combination of positive and negative voltage, you can produce 8.3V, 10V, 15V, 17V and 24V. R Renovation is based b d ATX PSU (Power (P S Supply l Unit). U ) PSU is a component used to regulate and supply electricity to the components in a computer.