EXPERIMENT 4: THE VISCOSITY OF FLUID

OBJECTIVE
To determine the viscosity of water.
APPARATUS
Glass capillary tube of inner diameter 0.5 to1.0 mm and the length of 25.0 to30.0 cm
A 250 cm
3
beaker
Burette
Stop watch
Thermometer
Spirit level
Travelling microscope
Meter scale Dilute Nitric Acid and caustic soda solution
A complete set of retort stand
A rubber tubing
PROCEDURE
1. The mean of inner diameter of the capillary tube was measured by using the travelling
microscope.
2. The capillary length l of the capillary tube was measured.
3. The capillary was cleaned by washing successively in nitric acid, caustic soda and tap
water at last.
4. The outlet H of the constant head apparatus A to the cleaned capillary tube was connected
in a clamp, by a piece of rubber tubing.
5. The height h of the constant head apparatus A was adjustable.
6. The flow of water was turn and the waste of outlet W discharges into the sink.
7. The height was adjusted so the water issues from the open end of the capillary I a
succession of drops.
8. A little grease was applied on the underside of the tube to prevent the water from running
back along the outside of the tube.
9. The temperature of the water was checked in the constant head apparatus.
10. In steady flow condition, the water drop was collected in the empty beaker for about 5
minutes.
11. The collected water was poured in burette and the volume was measured.
12. The vertical height h was record, and the experiment was repeated for different values of
h.



RESULT

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Mean
Diameter of capillary tube
(mm)
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Length of capillary tube, l (cm) 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0

Height, h (cm) Volume of collected
fluid, V (cm
3
)
Time taken, t (s) Rate of flow V/t
(cm
3
s
-1
)
27.2 23.8 300 0.079
24.8 23.4 300 0.078
20.6 18.0 300 0.060
16.2 16.4 300 0.055














y = 0.003x
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0 10 20 30
V/t
Graph of rate of
flows V/t (cm
3
s
-
ANALYSIS

1. Graph of rate of flows V/t (cm
3
s
-1
) versus height, h (cm) is plotted.













Height (cm)


From the gradient of the graph, the viscosity of the water is:

Slope =

0.003 =

= 2.686x10
-10
Nsm
-2





DISCUSSION
From this experiment, the graph shows that the rate of flow V/t (cm
3
s
-1
) is directly
proportional to height, h (cm). The higher the height from the surface of water, the higher the rate
of flows. This is because the height affects the rate of water flows from the capillary tube. Real
fluid has some internal friction, called viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, can be calculate
by using this formula:

The rate of flow in a fluid in a round tube depends on the viscosity of the fluid, the
pressure difference, and the dimensions of the tube. There are some errors when conducting this
experiment which is when the inner diameter of glass rod measures. Then, when measure the
length Irom perpendicular oI the glass rod to the surIace water in the tank. These errors can aIIect
the result. When temperature is 26C, the density of water is 1.0041g/ml.

CONCLUSION
The viscosity of water is 2.686 x 10
-10
Nsm
-2
.















FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE
PHY 210

Name Matrix no.
NORHAZMAN BIN NORZAIDI 2013608922
KEN AIZAD BIN EIZO KURATA 2013405994

ASD2An
Date of Experiment : 4
th
February 2014
Date of Submission : 11
th
February 2014
Lecturers Name : SAMSURI BIN MOHD SALLEH