Experiment : 1 Inference: The length affects period of oscillation. Hypothesis: If length increases then period of oscillation increases.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between length and period of oscillation. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: length, l : period of oscillation, T : (mass of pendulum)

List of Materials and Apparatus: Pendulum, string, meter rule, G-clamp, stop watch, retort stand Arrangement of Apparatus: Retort stand pendulum l

G-clamp

table

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with l= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Displace pendulum horizontally to one side and then release it so that it oscillates. ii-Measure T by measuring time taken for 10 complete oscillations using stop watch. -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using l= 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm Tabulate Data: l/cm T/s Analysing Data: Graph of T against l is plotted T/s 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

l/cm

Experiment : 2 Inference: The mass affects inertia. Hypothesis: If mass increases then inertia increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between mass and inertia. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: mass, m : Inertia, T : Length of jigsaw blade

List of Materials and Apparatus: Jigsaw blade, plasticine, G-clamp, stop watch, balance Arrangement of Apparatus: table Jigsaw blade plasticine G-clamp Length of jigsaw blade Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with m= 10.0 g measured using triple beam balance. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Displace jigsaw blade horizontally to one side and then release it so that it oscillates. ii-Measure T by measuring time taken for 10 complete oscillations using stop watch. -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using m= 20.0 g, 30.0 g, 40.0 g, 50.0 g Tabulate Data: m/g T/s Analysing Data: Graph of T against m is plotted T/s 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

m/g

Experiment : 3 Inference: The mass affects acceleration. Hypothesis: If mass increases then acceleration decreases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between mass and acceleration. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: mass, m : acceleration, a : force

List of Materials and Apparatus: 5 trolleys, ticker timer, ticker tape, meter rule, elastic cord, wooden runway, power supply Arrangement of Apparatus: Ticker tape Ticker timer trolley Power supply Elastic cord runaway

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with m= 1 trolley. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Switch on ticker timer and pull trolley using an elastic cord stretched to the same length. ii- Measure ticker tape : D1 and D2 using meter rule. .......... ...... . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D1 V= D2 0.2 u = D1 0.2

D2

t= (6-1)0.2 = 1.0 second iii-Calculate a: a=vu t iii -Repetition: Experiment is repeated using m= 2 trolleys, 3 trolleys, 4 trolleys and 5 trolleys.

Tabulate Data: m/kg a/ms-2 Analysing Data: Graph of a against m is plotted a/ms-2 1 2 3 4 5

m/kg

Experiment : 4 Inference: The force affects acceleration. Hypothesis: If force increases then acceleration increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between force and acceleration. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: force, F : acceleration, a : mass

List of Materials and Apparatus: 1 trolley, ticker timer, ticker tape,meter rule, 5 elastic cords, wooden runway, power supply Arrangement of Apparatus: Ticker timer Ticker tape

Elastic cord trolley

Power supply

runaway

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with F= 1 elastic cord. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Switch on ticker timer and pull trolley using an elastic cord stretched to the same length. ii- Measure ticker tape : D1 and D2 using meter rule. .......... ...... . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D1 V= D2 0.2 u = D1 0.2

D2

t= (6-1)0.2 = 1.0 second iii-Calculate a: a=vu t -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using F= 2 elastic cords, 3 elastic cords, 4 elastic cords and 5 elastic cords

Tabulate Data: F/N a/ms-2 Analysing Data: Graph of a against F is plotted 1 2 3 4 5

a/ms-2

F/N

Experiment : 5 Inference: The initial height affects final velocity. Hypothesis: If initial height increases then final velocity increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between initial height and final velocity. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: initial height, h : final velocity, v : mass

List of Materials and Apparatus: 1 trolley, ticker timer, ticker tape, meter rule, wooden blocks, wooden runway, power supply Arrangement of Apparatus: Ticker timer Ticker tape trolley Power supply h runaway

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with h= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Switch on ticker timer and release trolley. ii-Measure v by calculating v from ticker tape: v=d d= length of last 10 ticks measured using meter rule t t=0.02 second x 10 -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using h= 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm. Tabulate Data: h/cm v/ms-1 Analysing Data: Graph of v against h is plotted v/ms-1 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

h/cm

Experiment 6 Inference: The depth affects pressure. Hypothesis: If depth increases then pressure increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between depth and pressure. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: Depth, h : Pressure, P : Density of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: Measuring cylinder, thistle funnel, rubber tube, manometer, retort stand, meter rule, thin rubber sheet Arrangement of Apparatus: Meter rule Rubber tube

manometer

Thistle funnel Thin rubber sheet water

water

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with h= 10.0 cm measured using meter rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure P by measuring difference in height of manometer using meter rule. -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using h= 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm, 50.0 cm Tabulate Data: h/cm P/cm 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Analysing Data: Graph of P against h is plotted P/cm

h/cm

Experiment 7 Inference: The pressure affects depth. Hypothesis: If pressure increases then depth increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between pressure and depth. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: pressure, P : depth, h : area

List of Materials and Apparatus: Plasticine, wooden block, 5 different weights, meter rule Arrangement of Apparatus:

Slotted weight Wooden block h plasticine

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with weight= 10.0 N . -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure h using meter rule. -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using weight = 20.0 N, 30.0 N, 40.0 N, 50.0 N Tabulate Data: P/Nm-2 h/cm Analysing Data: Graph of h against P is plotted h/cm 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

P/Nm-2

Experiment 8 Inference: The area affects depth. Hypothesis: If area increases then depth decreases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between area and depth. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: area, A : depth, h : weight

List of Materials and Apparatus: Plasticine, 5 wooden plate with different area, a wooden block, weight, meter rule Arrangement of Apparatus: Slotted weight Wooden block h plasticine

Wooden plate Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with area of wooden plate, A= 10.0 cm2 . -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure h using meter rule. -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using A = 20.0 cm2, 30.0 cm2, 40.0 cm2, 50.0 cm2 Tabulate Data: A/cm-2 h/cm Analysing Data: Graph of h against A is plotted h/cm 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

A/cm-2

Experiment 9 Inference: The force affects extension. Hypothesis: If force increases then extension increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between force and extension. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: force, f : extension, h : spring constant / hardness

List of Materials and Apparatus: Slotted weights, spring, meter rule, retort stand Arrangement of Apparatus:

meter rule

Retort stand Retort spring l s t a n d table bl ce l a m p

slotted weight G-Clamp G-

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i- Measure initial length, L0 using meter rule. i-Begin experiment with f= 10.0 N . -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure final length, Li using meter rule. ii- Calculate extension using : h = L i L0 -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using f = 20.0 N, 30.0 N, 40.0 N, 50.0 N Tabulate Data: f/N h/cm 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Analysing Data: Graph of h against f is plotted h/cm

f/N

Experiment 10 Inference: The elastic potential energy affects kinetic energy. Hypothesis: If elastic potential energy increases then kinetic energy increases. Aim: To investigate the relationship between elastic potential energy and kinetic energy. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: elastic potential energy, Ep : kinetic energy, Ek : mass

List of Materials and Apparatus: Trolley, ticker timer, ticker tape, meter rule, power supply, wooden runaway, elastic cord, Arrangement of Apparatus: Ticker timer Power supply Elastic cord trolley

runaway

X Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with X = 10.0 cm measured using metre rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Switch on ticker timer and release trolley. ii-Measure v by calculating v from ticker tape: v=d d= length of last 10 ticks measured using meter rule t t=0.02 second x 10 -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using X = 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm and 50.0 cm Tabulate Data: x / cm v/ms-1 1 2 3 4 5

Analysing Data: Graph of v against x is plotted

v / ms-1

x / cm

Experiment 11 Inference:The weight of water displaced affects buoyant force. Hypothesis:If weight of water displaced increases then buoyant force increases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between weight of water and buoyant force. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: weight of water displaced, W : Buoyant force, F : density of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: Eureka can, water, balance, beaker, newton spring balance, long wooden block, Arrangement of Apparatus: Wi

Wo

Spring balance

Wooden block h water Water displaced

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i- Measure weight of wood in air = W0 ii-Begin experiment with depth of wood in water, h = 2 cm measure using meter rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure weight of wood in water, Wi from Newton spring balance reading. ii-Calculate buoyance force, F = Wi W0 -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using h = 4cm, 6cm, 8 cm, 10 cm Tabulate Data: W/ N h/cm F/N or 2 4 6 8 10

Analysing Data: Graph of F against W is plotted F/N

W/N

Experiment 12 Inference:The weight affects depth in water. Hypothesis:If weight increases then depth increases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between weight and depth. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: weight , W : depth, h : density of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: water, beaker, wooden block,slotted weights, meter rule Arrangement of Apparatus:

Slotted weight Wooden block h water

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: ii-Begin experiment with slotted weight, w = 1N -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure h using meter rule -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using slotted weight, W = 2N, 3N, 4N, 5N Tabulate Data: W/ N h / cm Analysing Data: Graph of h against W is plotted h/cm 1 2 3 4 15

W/N

Experiment 13 Inference:The weight of water displaced affects buoyant force. Hypothesis:If weight of water displaced increases then buoyant force increases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between weight of water and buoyant force. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: weight of water displaced, W (represented by depth in water,h) : Buoyant force, F : density of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: Eureka can, water, balance, beaker, newton spring balance, long wooden block, Arrangement of Apparatus: Spring balance

Wooden block h water Water displaced

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i- Measure weight of wood in air = W0 , using spring balance. ii-Begin experiment with depth of wood in water, h = 2 cm measure using meter rule. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure weight of wood in water, Wi from Newton spring balance reading. ii-Calculate buoyance force, F = Wi W0 -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using h = 4cm, 6cm, 8 cm, 10 cm Tabulate Data: W/ N h/cm F/N or 2 4 6 8 10

Analysing Data: Graph of F against W is plotted F/N

W/N

Experiment 13 Inference:The density of water affects depth in water. Hypothesis:If density of water increases then depth in water decreases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between density of water and depth in water. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: density of water, (represented by mass of salt dissolved, m) : depth in water, h : weight

List of Materials and Apparatus: water, salt, triple beam balance, big beaker, wooden block, meter rule Arrangement of Apparatus:

Wooden block

h Salt dissolve in 500 ml water

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with mass of salt dissolved in water, m = 20 g measure using triple beam balance. -Measuring Responding Variables: i-Measure h using meter rule -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using m = 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, 100 g Tabulate Data: m / kg h/m Analysing Data: Graph of h against m is plotted h / cm 20 40 60 80 100

m/kg

Experiment 14 Inference: mass affects heat Hypothesis: If mass increases then heat increases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between mass and heat. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: mass, m : heat represented by raise of temperature, : heating time // mass of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: Copper bobs, thermometer, beaker, Bunsen burner, water, beaker, balance, stop watch Arrangement of Apparatus:

thermometer Copper bob Heated copper bob water

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with , m = 1 copper bob measure using triple beam balance. -Measuring Responding Variables: i- Heat the copper bobs for 5 minutes. ii- Measure the initial temperature of water, T1 using thermometer. iii- Insert the heated copper bob into the water. iv- Measure the maximum temperature of the water, T2 using thermometer. v- Calculate the raise in temperature, = T2 T1 . -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using m = 2 bobs, 3 bobs, 4 bobs, 5 bobs Tabulate Data: m / kg /C 1 2 3 4 5

Analysing Data: Graph of against m is plotted /C

m/kg

Experiment 15 Inference: mass/ volume affects temperature change Hypothesis: If mass increases then temperature change decreases. Aim:To investigate the relationship between mass and temperature change. Variables: -Manipulated -Responding -Fixed

: mass, m : heat represented by raise of temperature, : heating time // mass of water

List of Materials and Apparatus: Copper bobs, thermometer, beaker, Bunsen burner, water, beaker, balance, stop watch Arrangement of Apparatus:

thermometer Copper bob Heated copper bob water

Procedure: -Controlling Manipulated Variable: i-Begin experiment with , m = 1 copper bob measure using triple beam balance. -Measuring Responding Variables: i- Heat the copper bobs for 5 minutes. ii- Measure the initial temperature of water, T1 using thermometer. iii- Insert the heated copper bob into the water. iv- Measure the maximum temperature of the water, T2 using thermometer. v- Calculate the raise in temperature, = T2 T1 . -Repetition: -Experiment is repeated using m = 2 bobs, 3 bobs, 4 bobs, 5 bobs Tabulate Data: m / kg /C 1 2 3 4 5

Analysing Data: Graph of against m is plotted /C

m/kg