Performance test on Centrifugal Pump

Kamal Saroha SC11B022 Department of Aerospace Engineering

IIST ,valiyamala Trivandrum, INDIA

Kapil Kumar SC11B023

Department of Aerospace Engineering IIST ,valiyamala Trivandrum, INDIA

Samar Manimaran
Department of Aerospace Engineering IIST ,valiyamala
AbstractThe Experiment was performed to determine the Performance of a Centrifugal Pump by Calculating the Power output theoretically and Power input practically by energy meter method. The power output is calculated by determining the total head across the suction and delivery side. The power input is calculated by the energy meter and thus the efficiency can be calculated. The graph b/w efficiency and total head, flowrate is plotted to determine the performance of pump, due to losses the efficiency is not !!" and thus we can compare different centrifugal pump by this experiment and determine the cause of those losses. #eywords$Centrifugal pump, impeller, suction side, delivery side, flow rate, efficiency, foot valve, pump, total head

I.

INTRODUCTION

Centrifugal pumps are lassified as r!tary dynami type !f pumps in "#i # a dynami pressure is devel!ped "#i # ena$les t#e lifting !f li%uids fr!m a l!"er t! a #ig#er level. Centrifugal pump !f t!day is t#e result !f 2&0 years ev!luti!n.During last f!ur de ades !r s! it #as $een rapidly superseeding t#e !t#er types !f pumping e%uipments in variety !f industrial and engineering appli ati!ns !"ing t! superi!r !pera$le #ara teristi s. 'umps are t#e largest single !nsumer !f p!"er in industry. (aulty pumping e%uipments an ause a #ig# rate !f energy l!ss "it# ass! iated perf!rman e degradati!n, #ig# vi$rati!n levels and signifi ant n!ise radiati!ns. T#e insta$ility in t#e fl!"ing media !uld generate pressure pulsati!ns) "#i # !uld furt#er intensify t#e pr!$lems ausing damage t! t#e piping !r !t#er !mp!nents in a #ydrauli system. T#e m!st !mm!n ma #ine f!r ausing li%uids t! fl!" t#r!ug# piping systems is t#e entrifugal pump. T#e entrifugal pump is "ell suited t! situati!ns re%uiring m!derate t! #ig# fl!"rates and m!dest in reases in #ead *!r pressure+. Typi al appli ati!ns in lude muni ipal "ater supply systems, ir ulating "ater #eating and !!ling system f!r $uildings, pumps in dis#"as#ers and l!t#es "as#ing ma #ines and t#e !!ling "ater ir ulating pump in an

aut!m!$ile engine. (!r very #ig# pressure, l!" fl!" appli ati!ns, p!sitive displa ement pumps are m!re suita$le. '!sitive displa ement pumps m!ve fluids "it# pist!ns, gears !r vanes and fl!"rate is a fun ti!n !f r!tati!nal speed and #as little if any dependen e !n t#e pressure rise. A !mm!n appli ati!n !f a p!sitive displa ement pump is t#at used t! supply #ig# pressure !il f!r #ydrauli a tuat!rs su # as t#!se !n a large eart# m!ving ma #ines. T#e m!st !mm!n ma #ine f!r ausing li%uids t! fl!" t#r!ug# piping systems is t#e entrifugal pump. T#e entrifugal pump is "ell suited t! situati!ns re%uiring m!derate t! #ig# fl!"rates and m!dest in reases in #ead *!r pressure+. Typi al appli ati!ns in lude muni ipal "ater supply systems, ir ulating "ater #eating and !!ling system f!r $uildings, pumps in dis#"as#ers and l!t#es "as#ing ma #ines and t#e !!ling "ater ir ulating pump in an aut!m!$ile engine. (!r very #ig# pressure, l!" fl!" appli ati!ns, p!sitive displa ement pumps are m!re suita$le. '!sitive displa ement pumps m!ve fluids "it# pist!ns, gears !r vanes and fl!"rate is a fun ti!n !f r!tati!nal speed and #as little if any dependen e !n t#e pressure rise. A !mm!n appli ati!n !f a p!sitive displa ement pump is t#at used t! supply #ig# pressure !il f!r #ydrauli a tuat!rs su # as t#!se !n a large eart# m!ving ma #ines.

II

T!EOR"

(igure 1

A s,et # !f a typi al entrifugal pump is s#!"n in (igure1. (luid "#i # fl!"s int! t#e impeller at t#e inner radius is given signifi ant angular m!mentum and ,ineti energy as it fl!"s radially !ut"ard. After t#e fluid leaves t#e !uter radius !f t#e

impeller, it is diffused !r sl!"ed d!"n resulting in a signifi ant in rease in pressure.

(igure 2

T#e a tual #ead rise *-+ pr!du ed $y a entrifugal pump is a fun ti!n !f t#e fl!"rate *.+. It is p!ssi$le t! determine t#e #ead/fl!" relati!ns#ip $y appr!priate sele ti!n !f t#e ge!metry !f t#e impeller $lades. N!rmally, pumps are designed s! t#at t#e #ead de reases "it# in reasing fl!" sin e su # a design results in a sta$le fl!"rate "#en t#e pump is !nne ted t! a piping system. A typi al #ead fl!" urve f!r a pump is s#!"n in (igure 2. If t#e me #ani al energy e%uati!n is applied $et"een t"! p!ints in a piping system !n !pp!site sides !f t#e pump, t#e result is0 -p 121 32g 1'134 151 6 22 32g 1'234 152 -p is t#e pump #ead, and #l is t#e t!tal #ead l!ss in t#e ass! iated piping. If se ti!n 1 is l! ated at t#e pump inlet and se ti!n 2 at t#e pump !utlet, t#e #l term in t#e me #ani al energy e%uati!n is 5er!. If t#ere is in lude piping, eit#er upstream !r d!"nstream, t#e #l term may $e greater t#an 5er!. (!r a given pump !perating at a given r!tati!nal speed, t#ere is !nly !ne !perating p!int "#ere t#e t#e ge!metry !f t#e impeller $lades is !ptimum. T#is fa t, !m$ined "it# !t#er l!sses results in an effi ien y "#i # is a fun ti!n !f t#e fl!"rate. T#e effi ien y is defined as t#e rati! !f t#e fluid "!r, t! t#e s#aft p!"er input t! t#e pump0 -p is t#e pump #ead, and #l is t#e t!tal #ead l!ss in t#e ass! iated piping. If se ti!n 1 is l! ated at t#e pump inlet and se ti!n 2 at t#e pump !utlet, t#e #l term in t#e me #ani al energy e%uati!n is 5er!. If t#ere is in lude piping, eit#er upstream !r d!"nstream, t#e #l term may $e greater t#an 5er!. (!r a given pump !perating at a given r!tati!nal speed, t#ere is !nly !ne !perating p!int "#ere t#e t#e ge!metry !f t#e impeller $lades is !ptimum. T#is fa t, !m$ined "it# !t#er l!sses results in an effi ien y "#i # is a fun ti!n !f t#e fl!"rate. T#e effi ien y is defined as t#e rati! !f t#e fluid "!r, t! t#e s#aft p!"er input t! t#e pump0 7 6 4.-p3's#aft
2 2

T#e perf!rman e !f entrifugal pumps is !nly partially determined $y analysis 8 testing is usually re%uired. T#e perf!rman e !f a pump is dependent !n t#e impeller and asing ge!metry, t#e si5e !f t#e pump, t#e r!tati!nal speed and t#e pr!perties !f t#e fl!"ing fluid. (!rtunately, it is n!t ne essary t! vary all !f t#ese parameters in !rder t! determine t#e perf!rman e !f pumps. T"! ge!metri ally similar pumps "#i # #ave fl!"rates ad9usted s! t#at t#e rati! !f tangential t! radial fluid vel! ities are t#e same are said t! $e #!m!l!g!us. :!re spe ifi ally, t"! pumps are said t! $e #!m!l!g!us if t#ey are ge!metri ally similar and t#e f!ll!"ing t"! dimensi!nless parameters are t#e same0 T#e perf!rman e !f entrifugal pumps is !nly partially determined $y analysis 8 testing is usually re%uired. T#e perf!rman e !f a pump is dependent !n t#e impeller and asing ge!metry, t#e si5e !f t#e pump, t#e r!tati!nal speed and t#e pr!perties !f t#e fl!"ing fluid. (!rtunately, it is n!t ne essary t! vary all !f t#ese parameters in !rder t! determine t#e perf!rman e !f pumps. T"! ge!metri ally similar pumps "#i # #ave fl!"rates ad9usted s! t#at t#e rati! !f tangential t! radial fluid vel! ities are t#e same are said t! $e #!m!l!g!us. :!re spe ifi ally, t"! pumps are said t! $e #!m!l!g!us if t#ey are ge!metri ally similar and t#e f!ll!"ing t"! dimensi!nless parameters are t#e same0 ;1 6 .3ND3 ;1 6 g-3N2D2 N is t#e angular speed and D is t#e diameter. T#e diameter is a measure !f t#e lengt# s ale !f t#e pump. A larger diameter implies t#at all t#e !t#er dimensi!ns !f t#e pump are pr!p!rti!nally larger. T#e diameter used is usually t#e !uter diameter !f t#e impeller. <it# t#ese relati!ns#ips, it is p!ssi$le t! estimate t#e perf!rman e !f !ne pump "it# !ne diameter $y testing an!t#er pump "it# a different diameter. It is als! p!ssi$le t! determine t#e effe t !f a #ange in angular speed. If a pump is tested at f!r e=ample at 1>00 rpm, t#en it is p!ssi$le t! estimate t#e perf!rman e at 3?00 rpm. T#e s aling permitted $y t#e #!m!l!g!us pump relati!ns#ips isn@t perfe t. (!r e=ample, t#e a$s!lute r!ug#ness #eig#t !f t#e asing may $e a fun ti!n !f t#e manufa turing pr! ess and s! t#e relative r!ug#ness mig#t $e a fun ti!n !f s ale. T#is pr!$lem, t!get#er "it# !t#er l!ss effe ts means t#at err!rs !f a fe" per ent may result fr!m t#e appli ati!n !f t#e #!m!l!g!us ma #ine relati!ns#ips.

III

E#PERIMENTA$ APPRATUS

T#e entrifugal pump "it# m!t!r m!unted !n a sturdy ir!n $ase plate. T#e su ti!n pipe is pr!vided "it# a su ti!n gauge, and a f!!t valve. T#e delivery 'ipe "it# a priming valve, delivery !ntr!l valve, and a pressure gauge. T#e dis #arge fr!m t#e pump is measured using a !lle ting tan, "it# a

gauge glass, 'anel eit# s"it # starter and energy meter pr!vided.

Ta$le I$ Sl N!. 1 2 3 B & ? C Ta$le I Sl N!. 1 2 3 B & ? C Autput p!"er '!*E<+ 0.1CD3DC&&3 0.21DD>0?C3 0.23>C&1?03 0.2?1BD1>?> 0.2>&>>>D&& 0.2>B1&C13> 0.2311>?>D3 Input p!"er 'i*E<+ 0.?C0>B0C>C 0.C0BBB&>3? 0.C2?&>CC2D 0.CB1C&>2B2 0.C?&BCDC01 0.C?D1B311> 0.C?D1B311> Fffi ien y 7*G+ 2?.CB21D&2B 31.22CBC>?D 32.>&D2DB?3 3&.2&2DCCC3 3C.3BC?>&D? 3?.DBB?3CC3 30.0&CC2111 Su ti!n -ead -s*m+ 2.0B 3.B B.0> &.BB ?.> >.1? >.C0B Delivery -ead -d*m+ 20 1C.> 1?.> 1B.& 12.& 10 B.& T!tal -ead -*m+ 22.BB3 21.?03 21.2>3 20.3B3 1D.C03 1>.&?3 13.?0C Dis #arge .*m33s+ 0.000>1&? 0.00103D0 0.0011BB? 0.001311? 0.001B>0? 0.001&?20 0.001C33C

(igure 3

I%

PROCEDURE

1. 'rime t#e pump, l!se t#e delivery valve and s"it # t#e unit. 2. Apen t#e delivery valve and maintain re%uired delivery #ead. 3. N!te t#e delivery and su ti!n pressures. B. :easure t#e area !f r!ss se ti!n !f t#e !lle ting tan, . &. Cl!se t#e drain valve and n!te time f!r 10 m rise !f "ater level in t#e !lle ting tan,. ?. (!r different delivery #eads repeat t#e e=periment. C. (!r every set !f readings n!te t#e time ta,en f!r 10 pulses !f energy meter.

2I. 1. 2. 3. B.

RESU$TS AND CONC$USION

%
Ta$le Ia Sl N!. Time ta,en t! rise 10 m rise in tan, t2*s+ 1&.32& 12.03 21.>B 1D.0? 1?.>>& 1?.00& 1B.B2

O&SER%ATIONS

T#e Fffi ien y !f t#e entrifugal pump ranges fr!m 2?/ 3? T!tal #ead ranges fr!m13/22m T#e perf!rman e !f t#e entrifugal pump is determined $y pl!tting t#e grap#s $3" effi ien y and input p!"er, t!tal #ead, dis #arge. T#e effi ien y value g!es at #ig#est at t#e delivery gauge reading 'd 6 10m

Time ta,en f!r 10 impulses in energy meter t1*s+ 2&.1&& 23.D&& 23.22& 22.C& 22.0B& 21.DB 21.DB

1 2 3 B & ? C

Su ti!n gauge reading 's*mm !f -g+ 1&0 2&0 300 B00 &00 ?00 ?B0

Delivery gauge reading 'd*,g3 m2+ 2 1.C> 1.?> 1.B& 1.2& 1 0.B& 2II. 1. 2. 3. B. &.

SOURCES O' ERRORS

(lu tuati!n !f gauges needle. (l!" may $e distur$ed $y t#e f!!t valve. (ri ti!n !r vi$rati!nal err!r in t#e impeller. 'aralla= err!r "#ile n!ting t#e #eig#t in tan, level meter -uman err!r0 "#ile n!ting t#e time in st!p"at #.

<#ere, A 6 area !f tan, 6 .02&m2 # 6 -eig#t level in tan, 6 .0&m

%III

AKNO($ED)EMENT

t2 6 time ta,en t! rise & m level in tan, 6 1?.?&&s (!r a !nstant Dis #arge and -ead, t#e !utput p!"er !f t#e pump is given $y 0 '0 6 Hg.-31000 ,< 6 0.1CD3DC&&3 <#ere, H 6 1000,g3m3*density !f fluid+ g 6 D.> m3s2 .6 *Dis #arge+ -6 *T!tal #ead in "ater !lumn+ Input '!"er supplied t! m!t!r is given $y, 'i 6 3?00n3tE ,< <#ere, 6 0.?C0>B0C>C

<#ile perf!rming t#is e=periment !n 'erf!rman e !n entrifugal pump, "e g!t all type !f supp!rt fr!m !ur la$ assistant s! "e are greatly t#an,ful t! t#em . <e t#an, spe ially t! Dr.Satis# "#! des ri$ed all t#e details a$!ut pipe fri ti!n apparatus. <e are als! very t#an,ful t! ea # and every mem$er "#! #elped us in d!ing t#is e=periment.

I#

RE'ERENCES

1. #ttp033en."i,ipedia.!rg 2. #ttp033""".s ri$d. !m 3. d! s.g!!gle. !m B. #ttp033a essengineeringli$rary. !m

APPENDI# *

*f!r D 6 1& m f!r first reading+ SAMP$E CA$CU$ATION

n 6 *num$er !f impulses !f energy meter+ t1 6 *time ta,en f!r KnLnum$er !f impulses+ E 6 1?00 imp3,<# *energy meter !nstant+ Fffi ien y is given $y. 7*G+ 6 *'!3'i+I100 6 2?.CB21D&2B

Delivery -ead is given $y, -d 6 *'d3H+I10B m !f "ater 6 20 <#ere, 'd 6 *Delivery gauge reading in ,g3 m2+ H" 6 1000,g3 m3 * density !f "ater+ Su ti!n -ead is given $y -s 6 *'sI H-g 31000H"+ m !f "ater 6 2.0B <#ere, 's 6 *Su ti!n gauge reading in mm !f -g+ H" 6 1000,g3 m3 * density !f "ater+ H-g 6 13>00,g3 m3 * density !f mer ury+ T!tal #ead is given $y - 6 -s 1-d 1 J 6 22.BB3 Dis #arge is given $y . 6 AI#3t m33s 6 0.000>1&?m33s

APPENDI# III
)RAP!S

(!r st!p "at # Mt13t 613200060.000& (!r tan, level meter Mt23t 60.023&0060.0000B (!r su ti!n gauge M's3's 61310060.01 (!r delivery gauge M'd3'd 61310060.01 7 6 EI t1I*'s 1 'd+ 3 t2 M7376M'd3'd1 M's3's 1 Mt13t1 Mt23t
(igure B

60.0110.000&1BI0.0000B13I0.00210.01 M737 6 0.03? Frr!r is 3.?G

(igure &

(igure ?

APPENDI# +

(!r D 620mm 1st reading

ERROR ANA$"SIS