Seniority plays a vital role in the employees service career.

Fixation of Seniority on Appointment and Promotion is a very important function of the Establishment Section. Correct seniority

fixation facilitates smooth functioning of the organization and avoids unnecessary litigation. Seniority once settled is decisive in the

upward march in one s chosen wor! or calling and gives certainty " assurance " boosts the morale to do #uality wor!. confidence% spreads harmony " commands respect $t instills among

colleagues which is a paramount factor for good " sound administration. The background $n $ndra Sawhney the ma&ority '()*+ of the &udges held that even though the concept of reservations to bac!ward classes as far as entry into the services was &ustified% #uota in promotions was not. ,nce a reserved and unreserved candidate enter the service stream at the same level - the mechanism for moving up to the next level was based mostly on seniority and claims of past oppression had no role to play. $ncidentally% the $ndra Sawhney bench had nothing to do with reservation in promotions - the .arasimha /ao government made a reference to the court 0 1while you are at it% settle this too2. $n any case% it #uashed all reservations in promotions while upholding them at entry level. 3he political response was swift and the 44th amendment was adopted to obliterate the position of Indra Sawhney.

3hus Article *5'6A+ was born. 37E C,.S3$383$,. 'SE9E.3:)SE9E.37 A;E.<;E.3+ AC3% *==> ?. Amendment of article *5.)$n article *5 of the Constitution% after clause '6+% the following clause shall be inserted% namely@) 1'6A+ .othing in this article shall prevent the State from ma!ing any provision for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled 3ribes which% in the opinion of the State% are not ade#uately represented in the services under the State.2. $ have to stop here for a minute. 3o follow the matter further you need to understand three !ey concepts in promotions. $ am no expert but $ have been trac!ing this issue for years now% so $ invite fol!s in public service to correct any errors. 3he concepts are *+ the roster system ?+ the catch up rule and A+ conse#uential seniority. The roster system Say you have a department of *BB positions. 3hese positions dont open up all at once rather vacancies arise sporadically due to retirement% transfer% promotion% deaths etc . 3he roster system is the instrument of choice to allocate these vacancies. For example you have a 10-point roster which might say vacancy *C,pen ?CSC ACSC 6C,pen.. until *BC,C. 3he roster would then rotate. 3he !ey to note

is if a reserved vacancy arises it can only be filled by members of that group% if an open vacancy arises it can be filled by anyone including reserved category members. The catch-up rule Duotas in promotion naturally allow leap)frogging. Consider this @ 3wo candidates A 'open+ and E 'reserved+ are in the same class of service Frade *. Say% A is > years senior to E and both are awaiting promotion to the next level %Frade ?. E now gets promoted over A due to the roster system. Eventually say after A years A also gets the promotion to the same grade as E. Ghat happens now H 8nder the catch up rule - A will regain his seniority of > years over E because he was denied promotion in the first place due to the roster. 3his means for the open category vacancy in Frade A - A has restored his old seniority of > years 'ie caught up+ over E. Consequential seniority 3he exact opposite of the catch up rule above. .ow A and E are in Frade ? - E has been there for A years and A has recently been promoted. 8nder conse#uential seniority% A is now junior to E. 3he fact that he was > years senior to E before the roster system leap frogged E is deemed immaterial. For further promotion to Frade A even for open category vacancies as per the roster - A will be considered A years &unior to E. $n other words% he has lost ( years inter se E. .ow go bac! to the 44th amendment. As you can see% conse#uential seniority confers a permanent blow to the unreserved candidate. Several states employed a variation of this and the matter same to a > &udgeH bench of the Supreme Court in R.K Sabharwal vs State of

Punjab

1995.

3he

court

ruled

onse!uential

seniority

as

unconstitutional. 3his was reaffirmed over the next > years in several cases. $n ?BB* it was brought again to the court in ".#. $adappananvar vs Karnata%a &001 . <ue to conse#uential seniority general category candidates in Iarnata!a had retired without due promotions while their &uniors were in higher posts. ;any still in service at &unior levels approached for relief. 3he court restored the seniority 'applied at h up+ of several general category candidates in this decision. 3his was totally in accordance with RK Sabharwal established > years ago. 3he political class% this time the .<A government acted fast. 3hey introduced the (>th constitutional amendment that specifically inserted the word 1promotion with consequential seniority2 in Art *5'6A+. /ecall from before that *5'6A+ was inserted to nullify $ndra Sawhney. 3he new clause reads as follows. 37E C,.S3$383$,. 'E$F73:)F$F37 A;E.<;E.3+ AC3% ?BB* '?+ $t shall be deemed to have come into force on the *4th day of June% *==>. .. .ow *5 '6A+ reads 1'6A+ .othing in this article shall prevent the State from ma!ing any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority to any class or classes 1in matters of promotion% with conse#uential seniority of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled

3ribes which% in the opinion of the State% are not ade#uately represented in the services under the State.2. $n one stro!e the amendment obliterated established positions in Sabharwal% A&it Singh% Eadappananvar% and a few more. :ou may have missed that the amendment was made retroactive from 1995 ( years earlier! - which means seniority lists could be redone. "erit-cum-#eniority and #eniority-cum-"erit Explaining that the principle of ;erit)cum)Seniority and that of Seniority)cum);erit were two totally different principles% the Apex Court in $%#%&%'% C()*()+T,(- .,",T&' v/s #&&"+ #$+)"+ +,) 0119 #C 0590

3he

Principle

of

;erit)cum)Seniority

puts

greater

emphasis on merit and ability and where promotion is governed by this principle seniority plays a less significant role. 7owever% seniority is to be given weightage when merit and ability more or less are e#ual among the candidates who are to be promoted. ,n the other hand% insofar as the principle of seniority)cum)merit is concerned% it gives greater importance to seniority and promotion to a senior person cannot be denied unless the person concerned is found totally unfit on merit to discharge the duties of the higher post . 3he totality of the service of the employee has to be considered for promotion on the basis of seniority)cum)merit. Seniority is held to be a Civil /ight. 3he Apex Court observed in@

$%#% 2+-3+-, v/s #T+T& (4 567+)+T +,) 0111 #C 1819 $f the settled seniority at the instance of one s &unior in service is unsettled% it may generate bitterness% resentment% hostility among the Fovernment servants " the enthusiasm to do #uality wor! might be lost. $t has been consistently held that where a post is a selection post% #uestion of seniority for promotion would be irrelevant. $n -% #6)&#$ -+T$+- v/s 6-,(- (4 ,-',+ +,) 0111 #C 0181 3he #uestion related to the post of Assistant Engineer which was a selection post. 3here was no indication in the

/ecruitment /ules that seniority in the lower grade would be counted for the purpose of promotion to the said post. 3he issue related to seniority between degree)holder S.,s. and <iploma holder S.,s. ac#uiring degree during service% for consideration for promotion. /eferring to their earlier &udgments% the Apex Court held that in the circumstances of the case% selection would be done on the basis of assessment of the comparative merit of the eligible candidates and the most suitable or meritorious candidate had to be selected. Such a method% the Court said would be consistent with the

/ecruitment /ules and Article *5 which secures e#uality of opportunity. #eniority to be determined by the order of merit indicated at the time of initial appointment: 3he seniority of government

servants is determined in accordance with the general principles of seniority. ,ne of the basic principles is that% seniority follows

confirmation and conse#uently permanent officers in each grade shall ran! senior to those who are officiating in that grade. 3he Apex Court in C.+## ,, ',)&CT )&C)6,T# &-5,-&&),-5 (44,C&)#; +##(C,+T,(- v/s #T+T& (4 "+$+)+#$T)+ 1991 held that once an incumbent is appointed to a post according to a rule% seniority has to be counted from the date of his appointment by the order of merit indicated at the time of initial appointment and is and not according to the date of confirmation. #eniority of 'irect )ecruits: 3he relative seniority of all direct

recruits is determined by the order of merit in which they are selected for such appointment on the recommendations of the selecting authority.

#eniority of *romotees:

Ghere promotions are made on the

basis of selection by a <PC% the seniority of such promotees shall be in the order in which they are recommended for such promotion by the Committee. Ghere promotions are made on the basis of

seniority% sub&ect to the re&ection of the unfit% the seniority of persons considered fit for promotion at the same time shall be the same as the relative seniority in the lower grade from which they are promoted. Ghere% a person is considered unfit for promotion and is superseded by a &unior% such persons shall not% if he is subse#uently found suitable and promoted% ta!e seniority in the higher grade over the &unior persons who had superseded him. #eniority of +bsorbees: 3he relative seniority of persons

appointed by absorption to a Central service from the subordinate office of the Central Fovernment will normally be counted from the date of absorption. $f he has% however% been holding already 'on the date of absorption+ the same or e#uivalent grade on regular basis in his parent department% such regular service in the grade shall also be ta!en into account in fixing his seniority% sub&ect to the condition that he will be given seniority from the date he has been holding the post on deputation or the date from which he has been appointed on a regular basis to the same or e#uivalent grade in his parent department whichever is earlier.

Article AB= of the Constitution of $ndia enunciated KActs of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment% and conditions of service of persons appointed% to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the 8nion or of any State.K 3his Article does not ma!e it mandatory for the Parliament or a State Legislature% as the case may be% to ma!e laws for the said purpose. 8ntil the appropriate Legislature ma!es such laws% the Proviso to Article AB= authorizes the President or such person as he may direct and the Fovernment of the State or such person as he may direct% to ma!e rules for the aforesaid purpose in relation to the services under the 8nion or the State% respectively. 3he rules so made by the

President or the Fovernor or any person authorized by him% shall have effect sub&ect to the provisional of any Act enacted by the appropriate Legislature. 3he Article AB= does not impose on the

Legislature a duty to enact provisions in regard to recruitment and conditions of service of person appointed to public services. .or% it is obligatory for the Executive to ma!e rules for recruitment% etc. before a service can be constituted or a post created or filled. #cope of +rticle <19 Article AB= spea!s of /ules for appointment and general conditions of service. 3he expression Kconditions of serviceK is

substantially wide in amplitude and would% inter alia% include matters relating to salary% time scale of pay or grades% provident funds% compulsory or contributory% dearness allowance% termination of service% eligibility for promotion% seniority retirement% pension% suspension% fixation of #uota for promoteesMdirect recruits and variance of the #uota% the li!e.

C,.CL8S$,.
1. The Provincial Government have recently had under consideration the principles to be followed in determining the seniority of officers of the Provincial and Subordinate Services when more than one officer is appointed to a service at the same time. It has been decided that the following principles should be observed in future :a! a! "hen officers are recruited by promotion and by direct appointment at the same time# the promoted officers will ta$e precedence over the officers directly recruited. b! b! %fficers promoted at the same time will ordinarily $eep the position inter se which they held in the service from which they were promoted. "here promotions are from several services the appointing authority should determine the relative seniority of the officers concerned at the time of appointment. c! c! The decision regarding the seniority of direct recruits shall be made by the appointing authority at the time of their first appointment. In all cases such decisions shall be final. &. Government do not consider it practicable to lay down definite criteria to determine the seniority of direct recruits. The following suggestions are# however# made for the guidance of the 'epartments concerned :a! a! 'irect recruits at the time of their first appointments maybe given an opportunity to supply any information which may be of value in determining their seniority. b! b! "hen direct recruits have been placed in order of merit by the Public Service (ommission or a Selection (ommittee! full consideration should be given to their opinion. c! c! Seniority may be determined by general consideration of merit by educational )ualifications or by age or any previous e*perience in any post. d! d! It is not possible to give a scale showing the relative value of educational )ualifications but if 'epartments e*perience difficulty# the advice of the 'irector of Public Instructions may be ta$en.

1. There are various general principles which shall apply to the determination of

seniority in the various services and posts under the "est +engal Govt as laid down in "est +engal Services 'etermination of Seniority ,ules. &. The relative seniority of all direct recruits recruited through competitive e*amination# interview or after training shall be determined by the order of merit in which they are selected for such appointment# on the recommendation of the State Public Service (ommission or other selecting authority# persons appointed as a result of an earlier selection being senior to those appointed as a result of a subse)uent selection. -. Seniority of persons appointed on promotion to any post# cadre or grade shall be determined from the date of .oining such post# cadre or grade. /. The relative seniority between a promotee and a direct recruit shall be determined by the year of appointment or promotion of each in the post# cadre or grade irrespective of the date of .oining.

0. The relative seniority of persons appointed by transfer to a post# cadre or grade from the feeder post# cadre or grade of the same department or office or from other departments or offices of the Government shall be determined by the order of selection for such transfer. 1. S(2ST Government employees on promotion as per rules of reservation 2 roster shall be entitled to conse)uential seniority also. General 2 %+( employees promoted later shall be .unior to S(2ST employees promoted earlier.

3ormally a constitutional amendment would ma$e front page news and generate a ton of debate# columnists would e*plore the issue in detail# the media would cover life stories. In a tiny story tuc$ed away in an obscure corner# I noticed that the Prime 4inister 4anmohan Singh has swung into action and has convened an all party meet on 4ay &-th. The rupee is tan$ing# the economy has slowed down# crushing power crisis threatens to shut plants# maoists rule the heartland# farmers die# 5'I policy is on ventilator# telecom lawsuits and international arbitration loom# budget deficits are out of control# scams and scandals everywhere. None of these could move the PM 6 yet a ruling by a & 7udge bench# which we shall see shortly has been misinterpreted# can ma$e the entire political class sit up. I8ll try my best to throw some light on the matter in this post. 9opefully I can get atleast a do:en more to pay attention to this fundamental issue.

The UP situation today

3ow you have enough bac$ground to understand the ;P situation today and the agenda for the all party meet. There has been a tug of war between 4ayawati and 4ulayam over the past 1< years. %nce the =0th amendment was passed 4ayawati > +7P promptly redid the lists based on conse)uential seniority effectively minimi:ing chances of general candidates. 3ote that for promotion purposes %+( and 4inority are general candidates. 4ulayam cancelled it later. 4ayawati restored it the first thing she came bac$ in &<<?. The net effect today is that a sufficiently large number of employees of various govt outfits were hurt by these provisions. @ &<<A report shows deep discontent in ;P Power (orporation . @ group of employees approached the court and sought a remedy. In Mukund Kumar Srivastava vs State of UP# the @llahabad high court cancelled the )uota system along with conse)uential seniority. This was because the )uota or even conse)uential seniority was unconstitutional 6 they cant be due to @rt 11 /@!. The ;P government had not conducted any e*ercise or produced any data to support this )uota.

The ;P government appealed in the Supreme (ourt. %n @pr &?# a & .udge bench of 'alveer +handari and '. 4isra upheld the earlier order of the @llahabad 9igh (ourt Rajesh Kumar Vs UP Power Corporation 2012!. It is important to note the scope of the .udgment

The constitutionality of reservations in promotions was not challenged The conse)uential seniority so called clause =@ in .udgment! in ;P was not challenged The .udgment only hinges on the .. are not adequately representedB. This sentence in @rt 11 /@! re)uires some homewor$ from the state. Indeed# this is the last wall of defence against total arbitrariness.

What can be amended ?

@s you have seen the ??th and =0th amendments have already gone a long distance. "hat else can give way C In M. a!araj vs Union of "ndia 200# a constitutional bench had ruled that data related to inade)uate representation is necessary to activate @rt 11 /@!. The court following the 3agara. .udgment is only as$ing for data about inade)uate representation 6 why not simply submit that record and everyone is happy. The only way Rajesh Kumar can be obliterated is by removing the need to collect data. This is purely my opinion# we will see how things will turn out in the all party meet in & days time. B /@! 3othing in this article shall prevent the State from ma$ing any provision for reservation in matters of promotion# with conse)uential seniority to any class or classes Bin matters of promotion# with conse)uential seniorityof posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled (astes and the Scheduled Tribes which# in the opinion of the State# are not ade)uately represented in the services under the State.D. If agreed upon 6 this will be the 11?th (onstitutional @mendment proposed and if passed it will be the A=th @mendment.

Where do politicians stand ?

Eong time readers of my blog will instantly recogni:e that contemporary Indian politics is a mere sideshow 6 the driving force is the adhocism in conferring benefits which ma$e the masses ignore big issues and vote for benefit protection. There is unanimity 6 uncommon unanimity on this issue. In fact# they will fight with each other to rush to an amendment. 3uance and measured positions will be seen as a ploy to scrutini:e and snatch away the all important power of adhocism. Pra$ash 7avade$ar of the +7P# Farat of (PI-4 and all others dont even want the all party meet# calling it wasting precious time. BThere is already a consensus on the issue among all partiesGThere is no point delaying it by calling an all party meeting to build a consensus#D Pra$ash 7avade$ar +7P! said. @$hilesh Hadav8s position isnt what the media is telling you. 9e supports the amendment but with %+(s included in the protection.

Some are blaming others for not beating the 3agara. .udgment earlier. The 3ational (ommission for S(s repeatedly as$ed the (entre to .oin the battle against 3agara. case by becoming a party to the appeals filed in the Supreme (ourt. It wanted the government to argue that parts of the 3agara. .udgment I see$ing data to prove bac$wardness of dalits to ma$e them eligible for promotion 6 were unconstitutional. Source T%I Salman Fursheed hates the 0<J ceiling tangential to main issue 6 but related to minorities!. Fhurshid said the primary restriction of 0< per cent ma*imum limit for reservation in .obs for S(s# STs and %+(s Bties the hands of the governmentD in doing much for them in proportion to their population. The 4P8s throw a fit over an illustration of @mbed$ar 6 yet thin$ of nothing to amend his constitution 11? times. (8est la vie.

No.22011/7/86-Estt.(D) Government of India Ministry of ersonne!" #$!i% Grievan%es & ensions (De'artment of ersonne! & (rainin)) dated *-7-86 +,,I-E MEM+./ND0M 1#$2e%t3 1ENI+.I(4 5 -onso!idated orders on. (6e #ndersi)ned is dire%ted to say t6at instr#%tions 6ave $een iss#ed $y t6is De'artment from time to time !ayin) do7n t6e 'rin%i'!es for determinin) seniority of 'ersons a''ointed to servi%es and 'osts #nder t6e -entra! Government. ,or fa%i!ity of referen%e" t6e im'ortant orders on t6e s#$2e%t 6ave $een %onso!idated in t6is +ffi%e Memorand#m. (6e n#m$er and date of t6e ori)ina! %omm#ni%ation 6as $een 8#oted in t6e mar)in so t6at t6e #sers may refer to it to #nderstand f#!!y t6e %onte9t in 76i%6 t6e order in 8#estion 7as iss#ed. SENIORITY OF DIRECT RECRUITS AND PROMOTEES (M:/ +.M.No.;/11/<<-. 1 dated 22.12.<;) 2.1 (6e re!ative seniority of a!! dire%t re%r#its is determined $y t6e order of merit in 76i%6 t6ey are se!e%ted for s#%6 a''ointment on t6e re%ommendations of t6e 0. .1.or ot6er se!e%tin) a#t6ority" 'ersons a''ointed as a res#!t of an ear!ier se!e%tion $ein) senior to t6ose a''ointed as a res#!t of a s#$se8#ent se!e%tion. 2.2 =6ere 'romotions are made on t6e $asis of se!e%tion $y a D. .-." t6e seniority of s#%6 'romotees s6a!! $e in t6e order in 76i%6 t6ey are re%ommended for s#%6 'romotion $y t6e -ommittee. =6ere 'romotions are made on t6e $asis of seniority" s#$2e%t to t6e re2e%tion of t6e #nfit" t6e seniority of 'ersons %onsidered fit for 'romotion at t6e same time s6a!! $e t6e same as t6e re!ative seniority in t6e !o7er )rade from 76i%6 t6ey are 'romoted. =6ere" 6o7ever" a 'erson is %onsidered as #nfit for 'romotion and is s#'erseded $y a 2#nior s#%6 'ersons s6a!! not" if 6e is s#$se8#ent!y fo#nd s#ita$!e and 'romoted" ta>e seniority in t6e 6i)6er )rade over t6e 2#nior 'ersons 76o 6ad s#'erseded 6im. 2.* =6ere 'ersons re%r#ited or 'romoted initia!!y on a tem'orary $asis are %onfirmed s#$se8#ent!y in an order different from t6e order of merit indi%ated at t6e time of t6eir a''ointment" seniority s6a!! fo!!o7 t6e order of %onfirmation and not t6e ori)ina! order of merit. 2.?.1 (6e re!ative seniority of dire%t re%r#its and of 'romotee s6a!! $e determined a%%ordin) to t6e rotation of va%an%ies $et7een dire%t re%r#its and 'romotees 76i%6 s6a!! $e $ased on t6e 8#ota of va%an%ies reserved for dire%t re%r#itment and 'romotion res'e%tive!y in t6e .e%r#itment .#!es. 2.?.2 If ade8#ate n#m$er of dire%t re%r#its do not $e%ome avai!a$!e in any 'arti%#!ar year" rotation of 8#otas for t6e '#r'ose of determinin) seniority 7o#!d ta>e '!a%e on!y to t6e e9tent of t6e avai!a$!e dire%t re%r#its and t6e 'romotees. @D ( +M No.*<01?/2/80-Estt.(D) dt.7.2.86A. In ot6er 7ords" to t6e e9tent dire%t re%r#its are not avai!a$!e t6e 'romotees 7i!! $e $#n%6ed to)et6er at t6e $ottom of t6e seniority !ist $e!o7 t6e !ast 'osition #'to 76i%6 it is 'ossi$!e to determine seniority" on t6e $asis of rotation of 8#otas 7it6 referen%e to t6e a%t#a! n#m$er of dire%t re%r#its 76o $e%ome avai!a$!e. (6e #nfi!!ed dire%t re%r#itment 8#ota va%an%ies 7o#!d" 6o7ever" $e %arried for7ard and added to t6e %orres'ondin) dire%t re%r#itment va%an%ies of t6e ne9t year (and to s#$se8#ent years 76ere ne%essary) for ta>in) a%tion for dire%t re%r#itment for t6e tota! n#m$er a%%ordin) to t6e #s#a! 'ra%ti%e. (6ereafter in t6at year 76i!e seniority 7i!! $e determined $et7een dire%t re%r#its and 'romotees" to t6e e9tent of t6e n#m$er of va%an%ies for dire%t re%r#its and

'romotees as determined a%%ordin) to t6e 8#ota for t6at year" t6e additiona!" dire%t re%r#its se!e%ted a)ainst t6e %arried for7ard va%an%ies of t6e 'revio#s year 7o#!d $e '!a%ed en-$!o% $e!o7 t6e !ast 'romotee (or dire%t re%r#it as t6e %ase may $e)" in t6e seniority !ist $ased on t6e rotation of va%an%ies for t6at year. (6e same 'rin%i'!e 6o!ds )ood for determinin) seniority in t6e event of %arry for7ard" if any" of dire%t re%r#itment or 'romotion 8#ota va%an%ies (as t6e %ase may $e) in t6e s#$se8#ent year. IBB01(./(I+N3 =6ere t6e .e%r#itment .#!es 'rovide <0C of t6e va%an%ies of a )rade to $e fi!!ed $y 'romotion and t6e remainin) <0C $y dire%t re%r#itment" and a ass#min) t6ere are ten va%an%ies in t6e )rade arisin) in ea%6 of t6e year 1;86 and 1;87 and t6at t7o va%an%ies intended for dire%t re%r#itment remain #nfi!!ed d#rin) 1;86 and t6ey %o#!d $e fi!!ed d#rin) 1;87" t6e seniority 'osition of t6e 'romotees and dire%t re%r#its of t6ese t7o years 7i!! $e as #nder3 1;86 1. 2. *. ?. <. 6. 7. 8. 1 D1 2 D2 * D* ? < ;. 10. 11. 12. 1*. 1?. 1<. 16. 17. 18. 1;. 20. 1;87 1 D1 2 D2 * D* ? D? < D< D6 D7

2.?.* In order to 6e!' t6e a''ointin) a#t6orities in determinin) t6e n#m$er of va%an%ies to $e fi!!ed d#rin) a year #nder ea%6 of t6e met6ods of re%r#itment 'res%ri$ed" a Da%an%y .e)ister )ivin) a r#nnin) a%%o#nt of t6e va%an%ies arisin) and $ein) fi!!ed from year to year may $e maintained in t6e 'roforma en%!osed. 2.?.? =it6 a vie7 to %#r$in) any tenden%y of #nder-re'ortin)/s#''ressin) t6e va%an%ies to $e notified to t6e %on%erned a#t6orities for dire%t re%r#itment" it is %!arified t6at 'romotees 7i!! $e treated as re)#!ar on!y to t6e e9tent to 76i%6 dire%t re%r#itment va%an%ies are re'orted to t6e re%r#itin) a#t6orities on t6e $asis of t6e 8#otas 'res%ri$ed in t6e re!evant re%r#itment r#!es. E9%ess 'romotees" if any" e9%eedin) t6e s6are fai!in) to t6e 'romotion 8#ota $ased on t6e %orres'ondin) fi)#re" notified for dire%t re%r#itment 7o#!d $e treated on!y as ad-6o% 'romotees.

3he seniority of government employees is fixed0 *. ?. Seniority of <irect /ecruits0 Seniority of Promotees0

A. 6. >.

Seniority of SCMS3 Fovernment Servants on their promotions0 Seniority of Absorbees Seniority in Special 3ypes of Cases such as ) ) ) Seniority of an officer under suspension and of officers against whom en#uires are pending. Seniority of officers who have been recommended for promotion by a <PC during the currency of a penalty. Fixation of seniority of a Fovernment servant reverted to a lower postMgradeMservice as a measure of penalty and subse#uent promoted to a higher post. Fixation of inter se seniority of the staff rendered surplus and redeployed on different occasions but in the same office. Seniority in cases of delay in reporting for duty after selection. <etermination of seniority of re)employed officers for promotionMconfirmation. Fixation of seniority of a person who has been transferred to a lower post on his own re#uest. Seniority of a person appointed on compassionate ground

) ) ) )