--d

The English syllables can be defined both phonetically (in relation to the way we rcalize them and the way they sound) and phonologically. A minimum syllable is a single vowel in isolationpreceded and followed by silence. Some English syllables have an onse! i.e. they have one or more consonants preceding the centre of the syllable (maylmefl, train [tern]). English syllables may have no onset but have a coda- that is they end with one or more consonants (arm

(r) (i0

(iii)

(iv)

[a:m], antfnrrtl).
Some syllables have both onset and coda {ran

lranl,fill

[fr+]).

The phonemes /t, k, f, m, n/ can only be Cz in a cluster where C1 is /s/. Also ld, g, 0, s, J, h/ can occur only as C1, while /r, w,j/ only as Cz. The affricates, the fricatives /b, q 3/ and the velar nasal occur neither as Cr nor as C2. Moreover, one can postulate the general nrle that if Cr is a voiced consonant Cz will be voiced too.

ee.-onselah$te$: a. liquid + glide: /lj /r b. stop + liquid: lpU, lprl, lbU, lbrl, ltil, ldrl, lkll, lktl, lgU, lgtl c. stop+glide: lpwl*,lpjl,lbwl*,lbjl,l*l,ltll,ldwl,ldjl,llr.:ivl,kjl,lgwl,lgJl d. fricative + stop: lspl,lstl,lsU e. fricative + liquid: lfll, lfrl, lvV*, lwl* , lfll*, lJrl*,lerl f. fricative + glide: lswl, lsjl, lful, lewl, lejl, lfwl* g. fricative + stop: fpl* h. fricative+ fricative: /sfl i. fricative * nasal: lsml,lsnl,llm/* j. laryngeal + glide: /trj/ k. nasal + glide: lmjl,lnjl l. liquid + glide: [mjutJ, $j,aal (lure), [nju:zJ CC coda: a. stop + stop: lptl,lbd/,lW,lgd/ b. fricative + stop: lN, lddl, lzdl, ljtl, bdl , lvdl, lspl, lskl, /st/, /vd/, /et/ c. stop + fricative: lpel, lbzl, ltel,ldel,ldzl, lgzl,lksl, lpsl d. nasal * stop: lmpl, lmtl, lntl, lnd/, I rydl, I qW e. nasal+ fricative: /mfl, lmzl,lnol, lnsl, /ru/, lqill,lqzl f. nasal * affiicate: lntfl,lndEl g. liquid + nasal: llrnl,lln/,lrml,lrnl h. liquid + stop: llpl,llbl,llt/, lW,lldl, kbl,lrtl, hp/, /rd/, l*1, lrgl i. liquid * fricative: llf/, llvl, llel, llsl, llzJ, l$1, lrfl, lwl, lfr/, hsl, /rzl, hfl j. liquid * afticate: n{/, /ld1l, hfl, lrdll k. liquid + liquid: /rV l. fricative * fricative: lfel,lfsl,lvzl, lgsl,lbzl m. affricate + stop: /fV CCC: a. liquid + stop + stop: llpt/ , lll<tl , lrptl , hpsl , hkt/ , llksl b. stop * fricative * stop: /dsU,lkst/ c. stop + stop + fricative: /ksO/ d. nasal + stop + stop: lmpsl,lnstl,lqstl,/rjlcU, /4ksl e. liquid + fricative + fricative: /lfO/ f. liquid + nasal * fricative: lrmet- i,, f.Nrfic aorr.fo

The notation* denotes clusters that are foreign in origin but &at have been incorporated into the phonotactics of English.