a) With the aid of drawing, mention the function and state the position of installation of the following devices:

1- Filter-Drier, 2- Oil separator, 3- hermostat, !- "ow pressure control# $- %olenoid valve# Answer: 1- he filter-dryer, Fig# &2), is used in refrigeration units for two aims: i- o clean the unit from an' mineral particles that could (e found in unit due to the non purit' of the lu(ricating oil# ) ver' thin la'er of the lu(ricating oil ma' still connected to the inside wall of the compressor c'linder# his la'er ma' come out the compressor, during the e*haust process, associated with small particles that could (e o(tained in the oil# hese particles cause (loc+age in the capillar' tu(e or e*pansion valve orifice# he narrow screen holds these particles (efore entering the e*pansion device# %o, the filter-dr'er should (e installed in the li,uid line# ii- o dr' the refrigerant from an' moisture that ma' (e found in the unit due to the (ad evacuation (efore charging# his moisture could (e fro-en in the evaporator unit causes stopping of it# %o, the silica-.ell a(sor(s this moisture (efore entering the evaporator#
Selica-jel

Inlet screen

Outlet screen

Fig# &2)

2- he oil separator, Fig# &3), is a device installed on the discharge line to separate the oil come out the compressor and returns it (ac+ to the compressor cran+ case# 3- he thermostat cuts off the electric current to stop the unit when the temperature reaches a certain value that it re,uired for the space should (e cooled# he sensing (ul( of the thermostat is installed in the path of air inlet to the cooling coil# !- Low pressure control, &Fig# $): /ut off the 0lectric current if the suction pressure is decreased (elow a certain definite value# 1t is installed on the suction line and it is attached in series in the electric circuit# $- Solenoid valve, &Fig# 2): 1s installed in the li,uid line and is connected electricall' in series with the other devices# 1n normal operation, the electric current paths through the electric coil causes magnetic field that left the valve to (e opened# When the electric current is cut off, (' the thermostat, low or high pressure control or an' other device, the magnetic field stopped and the iron core falls down to stop the flow of refrigerant, and so, the evaporator and condenser pressures remain each at its value#

To on!. 3 From Evap. 1 2

4 Oil to omp. casin"

Fig# &3), oil separator

Fig# &!), hermostat

Fig# &$), "ow pressure control

Fig# &2), 3agnetic valve

he figure shown (elow indicates the plan of a cold store room at %he(in 0l4om# he room is used for storing potatoes for eating# /or+ (oard of 15 cm thic+ness is used for insulation# he inside dimensions of the room after insulation is 1567#$6$ m# 3a*imum storing capacit' of the room should not e*ceed than $58 of the room volume# %toring rate is 25 8# %uppl' 'our complete design of the store room considering that, Freon 13!a is used as a refrigerant and calculate the amount of refrigerant could (e charged considering that the length of suction, discharge and li,uid lines are 9, $ and 9 m respectivel'# 1-a) Automatic Expansion Valve Function: he constant pressure or automatic e*pansion valve responds to outlet pressure# 1t meters li,uid refrigerant to the evaporator, maintaining a constant evaporator pressure# :efrigerant flows at a rate that e*actl' matches compressor capacit'# ) t'pical );< is shown in Figure 1#2# Operation: he valve incorporates a diaphragm that separates atmospheric pressure and s'stem pressure# ) range spring with an ad.usta(le pressure setting is located a(ove the diaphragm# =eneath the diaphragm is a stainless steel push rod and (all assem(l' (ac+ed (' a closing spring# )n o-ring located on the push rod creates a (alanced port# his feature (alances out the effect of increasing or decreasing inlet pressure, and aids in maintaining a constant outlet pressure# )n e,uali-er passagewa' is incorporated into the valve (od'#

hree forces control the operation of the valve &Figure 1-2)# Force 1 > he ad.usta(le range spring a(ove the diaphragm, which moves the diaphragm down, opening the valve? Force 2 > he closing spring (eneath the diaphragm, which moves the push rod and (all assem(l' up, closing the valves? and Force 3 > he outlet pressure acting under the diaphragm? this is the pressure the valve controls when the spring force, F1, is e,ual to the sum of forces F2 and F3#
%pring %pendle %creen From condenser Fs Fe %et screw Diaphram o evaporator

Fig# &1-2) )utomatic e*pansion valve #esi"n: he );< incorporates a diaphragm that separates atmospheric pressure and s'stem pressure# ) range spring with an ad.usta(le pressure setting is located a(ove the diaphragm# =eneath the diaphragm is a stainless steel push rod and (all assem(l' (ac+ed (' a closing spring# )n o-ring located on the push rod creates a (alanced port, and an e,uali-er passagewa' is incorporated into the valve (od'# hese design features provide the following user (enefits# he (alanced-port feature (alances out the effect of increasing or decreasing inlet pressure and aids in maintaining a constant outlet pressure# 1n other words, changes in inlet &condenser) pressure have little effect on outlet pressure control# );<s are position insensitive# he valve diaphragm is not affected (' oil migration even at low temperatures, or if the valve is installed upsidedown# Free-e-up protection is provided (' +eeping the evaporator a(ove the free-ing point at low loads# ) constant evaporator pressure is maintained under all load conditions# )nd there is no remote (ul( to attach to the suction line#

1- a$ T%ermostatic E&pansion 'alve:

he function of thermostatic e*pansion valve is to o(tain a superheating of a(out $ / at the outlet of cooling coil# 1n the case of large refrigeration capacit', (ig surface area is re,uired# 1n this case, the evaporator length increases which in turn leads to pressure drop in the evaporator# he pressure drop tends to decrease the pressure at the evaporator outlet resulting in an increase of the superheating# o avoid this increase of superheating, e*ternal pressure regulator is installed (etween the evaporator outlet and the e*pansion valve as shown in Fig# &2)# he capillar' is attached at the head of the valve (od' and attached to the (ul( at the other end# he capillar' and the (ul( are filled together with the space a(ove the diaphragm (' a refrigerant# he charged refrigerant ma' (e of the same refrigerant which the refrigeration unit is charged with it or not# he sensor &or (ul() of the valve is supported on the suction line at a(out 1$ cm after evaporator outlet# 1t should (e fi*ed in hori-ontal position and on a straight part of the tu(e# he set screw is used for ad.usting the valve# he valve is su(mitted with a screen at the inlet opening to prevent an' strange particles to pass through the valve and condense at its opening# he diaphragm lies under three forces which are? 1- he force of spring 2- he force of refrigerant pressure in the evaporator# 3- he force of refrigerant in the sensing (ul(# he two forces 1 and 2 affect opposite to the third one# he first force is nearl' constant as it depends upon the ad.usting of the set screw# When the cooling load is increased, the refrigerant is superheated at the outlet of the evaporator# his causes heat transfer to the (ul( and causes a force on the diaphragm at the side of (ul(# his force depends upon the amount of heat transfer (etween the refrigerant in the evaporator and that in the (ul( and that amount of heat transfer depends on the cooling load# 1n case, the opening of the valve increases when the load is increased to permit an increase of the mass flow rate of the refrigerant#

Fi". (2$ T%ermostatic e&pansion valve. he suita(le position of supporting the e*pansion valve is (efore the cooling coil directl'# he valve (ul( should (e on the suction line at a(out 1$ cm of the outlet of the evaporator# he thermostatic is e*pansion valve is used in wide range of applications for refrigeration units speciall', those have var'ing cooling load# )s this t'pe preserves the suita(le amount of refrigerant for the evaporator#