Fisherman Report

Abstract:
GPS (Global Positioning System) is increasingly being used for a wide range of applications. It provides reliablepositioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night,anywhere on or near the Earth. GPS is made up of three segments: Space, Control and User. GPS has become awidely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for mapmaking, land surveying, commerce, scientificuses, tracking and surveillance, and hobbies such as geocaching and way marking. None of the present GPS systemssatisfy the requirements for the safety of civilian navigation in the sea as the maritime boundary of a country cannotbe marked. This project deals on the versatility and the usefulness of a GPS device in the sea. The main objective of the paper isto help the fishermen not to navigate beyond other countrys border. If a fisherman navigates beyond the countrysborder, an alarm is generated indicating that the fisherman has crossed the border. Additionally, a GSM transmitterinterface will send a message to base station located on the shore indicating that a vessel has crossed the border. Thus guards in the shore can assist and provide additional help to those fishermen if needed.Keeping in mind about lives of Indian fishermen, this device has been created to help them not to move beyondIndia. On the whole, it is an attempt to build a suitable device for the fishermen at a reasonably low cost.
GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
GPS based border alert system aims in keeping an end for the killings of the fishermen were seen quite common in the boundary coastal areas which has become quite common these days. The reason for this is they were crossing the territory or boundary. This happening due to lack of awareness where their boundary is located and the cost of this mistake is their life. And we cannot provide any sign board in the mid of the sea to solve this problem. The only solution which we provide for this problem is enabling the boats with a GPS device. GPS based border alert system gives a best solution for this problem, whenever the fisherman was about to reach the boundary he can have a voice based alert in his native language itself. So that he can go back from that point onwards. The GPS is the acronym for Global positioning system. This GPS receiver is capable of identifying the location in which it was present in the form of latitude and longitudes. This information is very useful and can be processed for alerting the boat drivers. The GPS gives the data received from the satellites. For this information the GPS communicates with at least three satellites in the space.
1.1
Objective
The reason for this is they were crossing the territory or boundary. The incidents of harassment of Indian fisherman by the Lankan personnel had kept increasing. In the month of September 2012 there were reports that Sri Lankan navy had attacked the team of Indian fisherman near kodiakarai coast. Earlier to this month another 28 fisherman from tamilnadu were detained. There have been more than 1752 instances of Indian fisherman disappearing near palk-straits, the petitioner said that around 500 fisherman have been killed and 3000 of themselves permanently disabled by the act of Lankan navy
DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

This happening due to lack of awareness where their boundary is located and the cost of this mistake is their life. And we cannot provide any sign board in the mid of the sea to solve this problem. The only solution which we provide for this problem is enabling the boats with a GPS device.GPS based border alert system gives a best solution for this problem, whenever the fisherman was about to reach the boundary he can have a voice based alert in his native language itself. So that he can go back from that point onwards.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SERVEY
In this modern and fast runningworld everything is going to be digitized to be easily understandable and also to give exact calculation. Considering this idea we started a worked named Using GPS GSM Technologies Indication Of Digital Fuel, which shows the exact amount of fuel remaining in the fuel gauge as compared to the previously used gauge meter in which a needle moves to give a rough estimate of the fuel left. Most of the petrol bunks today have manipulated the pumps such that it displays the amount as entered but the quantity of fuel filled in the customers tank is much lesser than the displayed value. Therefore the pumps are tampered for the benefit of the petrol bunks owner. This results in huge profits for the petrol bunks but at the same time the customers are cheated. All most all the vehicles consist of analog meters hence it is not possible to precisely know the amount of fuel currently in the vehicle and also it is not possible to cross check the quantity of fuel filled in the petrol bunk. In this work we focuses on creating a digital display of the exact amount of fuel contained in the vehicles tank and also helps in cross checking the quantity of fuel filled at the petrol bunk. Finally once the fuel is filled at a bunk the device also sends an SMS to the vehicle owner indicating the amount of fuel filled in the tank and totalfilled. And also we can find the exact location of the vehicles.
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CHAPTER-3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power Supply
GPS
MCU
LED Indicator
ALCD Driver
ALCD
Buzzer
Motor
Relay
GSM Modem
FIG 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
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WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The functioning of the device is achieved by employing a micro controller. The micro controller forms the controlling unit of the project. The micro controller is interfaced with a GPS receiver so that it can receive the information about the location in which the boat is present. The controller compares the location of the boat with the territory location. Whenever the boat was approaching the boundary it alerts the driver. To alert the driver it is interfaced with a voice circuitry which designed with a voice based IC to produce a voice alert to the fisher man. It is also interfaced with few LED indicators to alert the boat driver. Here we are using GSM which the owner on the receiver side uses to get the status of the boat. Whenever the boat crosses a certain limit, the message is sent to the owner via microcontroller. Knowing this the owner can inform fisherman on the boat to return to the sea shore.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Regulated Power Supply. 2. Global Positioning System (GPS Receiver). 3. GLCD display with driver. 4. MCU 5. LED indicators. 6. Voice based circuit
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
1. Embedded C 2. Kiel Compiler
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CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE
4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
J1
16X2 LCD
E3 ANTENNA +12V
R5 10K 2 GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6
V S S V C C V E E R S R / W E D B 0 D B 1 D B 2 D B 3 D B 4 D B 5 D B 6 D B 7 D B 8 L E D + L E D -
BUZZER
GND INPUT
3
GSM
RX TX
U1 LS7
NC
5 3 4
12+ GND
1 2 RELAY SPDT
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7
P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
LS7 5 3 4
12+ GND
1 2 RELAY SPDT
LS7
INPUT
5 3 4
P1.0/T2 P3.0/RXD P1.1/T2-EX P3.1/TXD P1.2 P3.2/INT0 P1.3 P3.3/INT1 P1.4 P3.4/T0 P1.5 P3.5/T1 P1.6 P3.6/WR P1.7 P3.7/RD
NC
12+ GND
1 2
NC GND
RELAY SPDT
MOTOR
POWER SUPPLY
U2 1 VIN 7805 C5 VOUT 3 0 .1 M FD C E R A M IC
19 18 XTAL1 XTAL2 31 9 EA/VPP RST AT89C52
30 ALE/PROG 29 PSEN
+12V
RX
TX
GPS
GND
+5V R3 220E C6 D7 LED
T1
D6 BRIDGE
1000MFD/35V
12 012 --1amps
GND
FIG 2: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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4.2 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

One particularly useful feature of the 8051 core was the inclusion of a Boolean processing engine which allows bit-level Boolean logic operations to be carried out directly and efficiently on select internal registers and select RAM locations. This advantageous feature helped cement the 8051's popularity in industrial control applications because it reduced code size by as much as 30%. Another valued feature is the including of four bank selectable working register sets which greatly reduce the amount of time required to complete an interrupt service routine. With a single instruction the 8051 can switch register banks as opposed to the time consuming task of transferring the critical registers to the stack or designated RAM locations. These registers also allowed the 8051 to quickly perform a context switch which is essential for time sensitive applications. Important features The 8051 architecture provides many functions (CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.) in a single package

8-bit ALU, Accumulator and 8-bit Registers; hence it is an 8-bit microcontroller 8-bit data bus It can access 8 bits of data in one operation 16-bit address bus It can access 216 memory locations 64 KB (65536 locations) each of RAM and ROM On-chip RAM 128 bytes (data memory) On-chip ROM 4 Kbyte (program memory) Four byte bi-directional input/output port UART (serial port) Two 16-bit Counter/timers Two-level interrupt priority Power saving mode (on some derivatives)
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ARCHITECTURE
FIG 3: ARCHITECTURE OF 8051
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8051 Pin details
FIG 4: PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051
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4.4 A LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly. They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer
monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in. LCDs are, however, susceptible to image persistence. LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in batterypowered electronic equipment. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. The most flexible ones use an array of small pixels. The earliest discovery leading to the development of LCD technology, the discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888. By 2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens had surpassed the sale of CRT units.
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Interfacing with 8051:
FIG 5: INTERFACIN OF LCD WITH MC
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERME FISHERMEN
4.5 RELAY Circuit symbol for a relay
Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. . Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and most have double
Relay showing coil and switch contacts
throw (changeover) switch itch contacts as shown in the diagram. Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits, the link is magnetic and mechanical. The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower vol voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current and a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is 200mA so these devices can supply relay coils directly without amplification.
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Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For further information about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see the page on switches. Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing you take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay. The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connections. The coil will be obvious and it may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage 'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destroy transistors and ICs in the circuit. To prevent damage you must connect aprotection diode across the relay coil. The animated picture shows a working relay with its coil and switch contacts. You can see a lever on the left being attracted by magnetism when the coil is switched on. This lever moves the switch contacts. There is one set of contacts (SPDT) in the foreground and another behind them, making the relay DPDT.
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:

COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on. Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off.
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Choosing a relayYou need to consider several features when choosing a relay: 1. Physical size and pin arrangement If you are choosing a relay for an existing PCB you will need to ensure that its dimensions and pin arrangement are suitable. You should find this information in the supplier's catalogue. 2. Coil voltage The relay's coil voltage rating and resistance must suit the circuit powering the relay coil. Many relays have a coil rated for a 12V supply but 5V and 24V relays are also readily available. Some relays operate perfectly well with a supply voltage which is a little lower than their rated value. 3. Coil resistance The circuit must be able to supply the current required by the relay coil. You can use Ohm's law to calculate the current: supply voltage coil resistance passes a current of
Relay coil current =
4. For example: A 12V supply relay with a coil resistance of 400
30mA. This is OK for a 555 timer IC (maximum output current 200mA), but it is too much for most ICs and they will require a transistor to amplify the current. 5. Switch ratings (voltage and current) The relay's switch contacts must be suitable for the circuit they are to control. You will need to check the voltage and current ratings. Note that the voltage rating is usually higher for AC, for example: "5A at 24V DC or 125V AC". 6. Switch contact arrangement (SPDT, DPDT etc) Most relays are SPDT or DPDT which are often described as "single pole changeover" (SPCO) or "double pole changeover" (DPCO). For further information please see the page on switches.
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Protection diodes for relays Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high voltage produced when a relay coil is switched off. The diagram shows how a signal diode (e.g. 1N4148) is connected 'backwards' across the relay coil to provide this protection. Current flowing through a relay coil creates a magnetic field which collapses suddenly when the current is switched off. The sudden collapse of the magnetic field induces a brief high voltage across the relay coil which is very likely to damage transistors and ICs. The protection diode allows the induced voltage to drive a brief current through the coil (and diode) so the magnetic field dies away quickly rather than instantly. This prevents the induced voltage becoming high enough to cause damage to transistors and ICs.
Reed relays Reed relays consist of a coil surrounding a reed switch. Reed switches are normally operated with a magnet, but in a reed relay current flows through the coil to create a magnetic field and close the reed switch. Reed relays generally have higher coil resistances than standard relays (1000 for example) and a wide range of supply voltages (9-20V for example). They are capable Reed Relay
of switching much more rapidly than standard relays, up to several hundred times per second; but they can only switch low currents (500mA maximum for example). The reed relay shown in the photograph will plug into a standard 14-pin DIL socket ('IC holder'). For further information about reed switches please see the page on switches.
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Relays and transistors compared Like relays, transistors can be used as an electrically operated switch. For switching small DC currents (< 1A) at low voltage they are usually a better choice than a relay. However, transistors cannot switch AC (such as mains electricity) and in simple circuits they are not usually a good choice for switching large currents (> 5A). In these cases a relay will be needed, but note that a low power transistor may still be needed to switch the current for the relay's coil! The main advantages and disadvantages of relays are listed below:
RELAY OPERATION All relays operate using the same basic principle. Our example will use a commonly used 4 -pin relay. Relays have two circuits: A control circuit (shown in GREEN) and a load circuit(shown in RED). The control circuit has a small control coil while the load circuit has aswitch. The coil controls the operation of the switch.
RELAY ENERGIZED (ON) Current flowing through the control circuit coil (pins 1 and 3) creates a small magnetic field which causes the switch to close, pins 2 and 4. The switch, which is part of the load circuit, is used to control an electrical circuit that may connect to it. Current now flows through pins 2 and 4 shown in RED, when the relay in energized.
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RELAY DE-ENERGIZED (OFF) When current stops flowing through the control circuit, pins 1 and 3, the relay becomes deenergized. Without the magnetic field, the switch opens and current is prevented from Flowing through pins 2 and 4. The relay is now OFF.
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RELAY DESIGN ID
Relays are either Normally Open or Normally Closed. Notice the position of the switches in the two relays shown below. Normally open relays have a switch that remains open until energized (ON) while normally closed relays are closed until energized. Relays are always shown in the de-energized position (no current flowing through the control circuit - OFF). Normally open relays are the most common in vehicles; however either can be use in automotive applications.
RELAY OPERATION When no voltage is applied to pin 1, there is no current flow through the coil. No current means no magnetic field is developed, and the switch is open. When voltage is supplied to pin 1, current flow though the coil creates the magnetic field needed to close the switch allowing continuity between pins 2 and 4
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Advantages of relay:

Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC. Relays can switch higher voltages than standard transistors. Relays are often a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A). Relays can switch many contacts at once.
Disadvantages of relays:

Relays are bulkier than transistors for switching small currents. Relays cannot switch rapidly (except reed relays), transistors can switch many times per second. Relays use more power due to the current flowing through their coil. Relays require more current than many ICs can provide, so a low power transistor may be needed to switch the current for the relay's coil.
MAX232..
MAX232 chip
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The MAX232 is anintegrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use inTTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typicalhysteresis of 0.5 V. The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the original MAX232 but may operate at higher baud rates and can use smaller external capacitors 0.1 F in place of the 1.0 F capacitors used with the original device. The newer MAX3232 is also backwards compatible, but operates at a broader voltage range, from 3 to 5.5 V. Pin to pin compatible: ICL232, ST232, ADM232, and HIN232. Voltage levels It is helpful to understand what occurs to the voltage levels. When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to between +3 and +15 V, and changes TTL Logic 1 to between -3 to -15 V, and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL. This can be confusing when you realize that the RS232 Data Transmission voltages at a certain logic state are opposite from the RS232 Control Line voltages at the same logic state. To clarify the matter, see the table below. For more information see RS-232 Voltage Levels. RS232 Voltage +3 V to +15 V 0 V
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RS232 Line Type & Logic Level Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 0
TTL Voltage to/from MAX232
Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1
-3 V to -15 V 5 V
Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 0 Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 1 +3 V to +15 V 0 V -3 V to -15 V 5 V
FIG 6: (a) INSIDE MAX232 (b)ITS CONNECTION WITH 8051
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RxD
MAX232
8051 has two pins used for transferring and receiving data serially TxD and RxD are part of the port 3 group pin 11 (P3.1) is assigned to TxD pin 10 (P3.0) is designated as converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels uses a +5 V power source MAX232 has two sets of line drivers for transferring and receiving data line drivers used for TxD are called T1 and T2 line drivers for RxD are designated as R1 and R2
GSM
and TxD pins in the 8051
GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) TTL Modem is SIM900 Quad-band GSM / GPRS device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem. TheModem is designed with 3V3 and 5V DC TTL interfacing circuitry, which allows User to directlyinterface with 5V Microcontrollers (PIC, AVR, Arduino, 8051, etc.) as well as 3V3Microcontrollers (ARM, ARM Cortex XX, etc.). The baud rate can be configurable from 9600-115200 bps through AT (Attention) commands. This GSM/GPRS TTL Modem has internalTCP/IP stack to enable User to connect with internet through GPRS feature. It is suitable for SMSas well as DATA transfer application in mobile phone to mobile phone interface. DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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The modem can be interfaced with a Microcontroller using USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) feature (serial communication). Features: Quad Band GSM/GPRS : 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz Built in RS232 to TTL or viceversa Logic Converter (MAX232) Configurable Baud Rate SMA (SubMiniature version A) connector with GSM L Type Antenna Built in SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card holder Built in Network Status LED Inbuilt Powerful TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) stack for Internet data transfer through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Audio Interface Connectors (Audio in and Audio out) Most Status and Controlling pins are available Normal Operation Temperature : -20 C to +55 C Input Voltage : 5V to 12V DC
LDB9 connector (Serial Port) provided for easy interfacing
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN SIMCom SIM900A GSM Module:
This is actual SIM900 GSM module which is manufactured by SIMCom. Designed for global market, SIM900 is a quad-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz and PCS 1900MHz.SIM900 features GPRS multislot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. With a tiny configuration of 24mm x 24mm x 3mm, SIM900 can meet almost all the space
MAX232 IC: The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits, so that devices works on TTL logic can share the data with devices connected through Serial port (DB9 Connector).
Serial port / DB9 connector: User just needs to attach RS232 cable here so that it can be connected to devices which has Serial port / DB9 Connector.
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Power Supply Socket:

This power supply socket which actually named as AC/DC Socket provides the Functionality to user to connect external power supply from Transformer, Battery or Adapter through DC jack. User can provide maximum of 12V AC/DC power supply through AC/DC socket. This is power supply designed into maximum protection consideration so that it can even prevent reverse polarity DC power supply as well as DC conversion from AC power Supply. Italso includes LM317 Voltage Regulator which provides an output voltage adjustable over a1.2Vto 37V.
Power On/Off and GSM On Switch: Power On/Off switch is type of push-on push-off DPDT switch which is used for onlyMake power supply on/off provided through AC/DC Socket indicated by Power LED. GSM on Switch is type of Push on DPST tactile switch which is used for only to make GSM module On indicated by Module On/Off LED while initiating with Network indicated by Network Indication LED.
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN Indicator LEDs:

Indicator LEDs just used to indicate status accordingly. These are three LEDs represents Power On/Off Status, Network Status and Module On/Off Status respectively. Power LED will keep on until the power supply is enable to this board by using push-on push-off switch. Network Status LED will show whether inserted SIM card successfully connected to service providers Network or not, in short signal strength. Module On/Off indicator LED will show status of GSMmodules power on/off.
RXD, TXD and GND pins (JP2):

These pins are used to connect devices which need to be connected to GSM module through USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) communication. Devices may be like Desktop or Laptop Computer System, Microcontrollers, etc. RXD (Receive Data) should be connected to TXD (Transmit Data) of other device and viceversa, whereas GND (Ground) should be connected to other devices GND pin to make ground common for both systems.
GPS:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems,[1] integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994. Roger L. Easton is generally credited as its inventor. Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to modernize the GPS system and implement the next generation of GPS III satellites and Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX).[2] Announcements from the Vice President and the White House in 1998 initiated these changes. In 2000, U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, GPS III. In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed contemporaneously with GPS, but suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s. There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.
BASIC CONCEPT OF GPS

A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits messages that includethe time the message was transmittedsatellite position at time of message transmission. The receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite using the speed of light. Each of these distances and satellites' locations define a sphere. The receiver is on the surface of each of these spheres when the distances and the satellites' locations are correct. These distances and satellites' locations are used to compute the location of the receiver using the navigation equations. This location is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation
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information may be included. Many GPS units show derived information such as direction and speed, calculated from position changes. In typical GPS operation, four or more satellites must be visible to obtain an accurate result. Four sphere surfaces typically do not intersect. [a] Because of this, it can be said with confidence that when the navigation equations are solved to find an intersection, this solution gives the position of the receiver along with the difference between the time kept by the receiver's on-board clock and the true time-of-day, thereby eliminating the need for a very large, expensive, and power hungry clock. The very accurately computed time is used only for display or not at all in many GPS applications, which use only the location. A number of applications for GPS do make use of this cheap and highly accurate timing. These include time transfer, traffic signal timing, andsynchronization of cell phone base stations. Although four satellites are required for normal operation, fewer apply in special cases. If one variable is already known, a receiver can determine its position using only three satellites. For example, a ship or aircraft may have known elevation. Some GPS receivers may use additional clues or assumptions such as reusing the last known altitude, dead reckoning, inertial navigation, or including information from the vehicle computer, to give a (possibly degraded) position when fewer than four satellites are visible. The current GPS consists of three major segments. These are the space segment (SS), a control segment (CS), and a user segment (US).[45] The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments. GPS satellites broadcast signals from space, and each GPS receiver uses these signals to calculate its threedimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and the current time.
Applications:
While originally a military project, GPS is considered a dual-use technology, meaning it has significant military and civilian applications. GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool for commerce, scientific uses, tracking, and surveillance. GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even the control of power grids by allowing well synchronized hand-off switching.
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BUZZER:
A basic model of electric buzzer usually consists of simple circuit components such as resistors, a capacitor and 555 timers IC or an integrated circuit with a range of timer and multi-vibrator vibrator functions. It works the same manner as an electric bell but without without the bell. As what its name suggests, electro-mechanical electro mechanical buzzer produces sound electronically. DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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The signal or siren is not a speaker. Alternatively, what produces the sound is the air moving through the holes.
FIG 7: CIRCIUT DIAGRAM OF BUZZER DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

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CHAPTER 5:
SOFTWARE
5.1 Introduction
The C programming language is perhaps the most popular programming language for programming embedded systems. (Earlier Embedded Systems/Embedded Systems Introduction Which Programming Languages Will This Book Use? we mentioned other popular programming languages). Most C programmers are spoiled because they program in environments where not only is there a standard library implementation, but there are frequently a number of other libraries available for use. The cold fact is, that in embedded systems, there rarely are many of the libraries that programmers have grown used to, but occasionally an embedded system might not have a complete standard library, if there is a standard library at all. Few embedded systems have capability for dynamic linking, so if standard library functions are to be available at all, they often need to be directly linked into the executable. Oftentimes, because of space concerns, it is not possible to link in an entire library file, and programmers are often forced to "brew their own" standard c library implementations if they want to use them at all. While some libraries are bulky and not well suited for use on microcontrollers, many development systems still include the standard libraries which are the most common for C programmers. C remains a very popular language for micro-controller developers due to the code efficiency and reduced overhead and development time. C offers low-level control and is considered more readable than assembly. Many free C compilers are available for a wide variety of development platforms. The compilers are part of an IDEs with ICD support, breakpoints, single-stepping and an assembly window. The performance of C compilers has improved considerably in recent years, and they are claimed to be more or less as good as assembly, depending on who you ask. Most tools now offer options for customizing the compiler optimization. Additionally, using C increases portability, since C code can be compiled for different types of processors.
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Embedded C An embedded system is an application that contains at least one programmable
computer (typically in the form of a microcontroller, a microprocessor or digital signal processor chip) and which is used by individuals who are, in the main, unaware that the system is computer-based. In embedded C this can be done using specific inbuilt instructions. Embedded C is Controller or target specific. Embedded C allows direct communication with memory.
Keil U Vision IDE Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for 8051
based microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate embedded applications for virtually every 8051 derivative
PROGRAM
/*@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@*/ #include"Variable.h" #include<intrins.h>
void main(void) { staticunsignedchar ucSThreadSState = INIT_LCD; while(1) { switch(ucSThreadSState) { case INIT_LCD: SCONF = 0x02; SEL_GSM_GPS = 0; MOTAR = 1; BUZZER = 0; LCD_INIT(); Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border Alert Ind",LINE1_ADDR, " For Fisher Men ", LINE2_ADDR); MSDelay(200); ucSThreadSState = SERIEL_INIT; break; DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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case SERIEL_INIT: serial_Init(); ucSThreadSState = MODEM_INIT; break; case MODEM_INIT: check_Modem(); check_SIM_SIMPIN(); Prep_lcd_Write_Data(" Modem Init ",LINE1_ADDR, " Please Wait ", LINE2_ADDR); TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGF=1\r\n"); Mode enable for the SMS MSDelay(200); TxdCommandToModem("AT+CNMI=2,0,0,1,0\r\n"); //SMS Alert indication command MSDelay(200); //Text
//TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=1\r\n"); INBOX MSDelay(100);
//Delete
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=2\r\n"); INBOX MSDelay(100);
//Delete
//Delete
//Delete
TxdCommandToModem("AT+CMGD=2\r\n"); INBOX DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
//Delete
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MSDelay(100); Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border Alert Ind",LINE1_ADDR, " For Fisher Men ", LINE2_ADDR); ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; ucSMSGPGGA_Flag = 0; for(i=0; i<=15; i++) ucDisplay_LCD[i] = 0x20; ucDisplay_LCD[15] = NULL_00; ucSThreadSState = GPGGA_STATE; break; case GPGGA_STATE: ucSMSGPGGA_Flag = 0; ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; Handle_GPGGA(); ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; ucSThreadSState = GPGGA_STATE; break; } } }
void MSDelay(unsignedint delay) { unsignedint i,j; for(i=0;i<delay;i++) for(j=0;j<1000;j++); } void MSDelay_lcd(unsignedint delay) { unsignedint i; for(i=0;i<delay;i++); }
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void LCD_INIT(void) { write_instr_bit(0x38);//8-bit data -2-line display MSDelay(10); write_instr_bit(0x0e);//cursor on MSDelay(10); write_instr_bit(0x01);//clear display MSDelay(10); write_instr_bit(0x06);//increment cursor MSDelay(10); } void write_instr_bit(unsignedchar value) { LCD_DATA = value; REG_SELECT=0; LCD_CS=1; MSDelay(1); LCD_CS=0; } void Prep_lcd_Write_Data(unsignedchar *line1, unsignedchar Line1Addr, unsignedchar *line2, unsignedchar Line2Addr) { unsignedchar i; write_instr_bit(0x01);//clear display MSDelay_lcd(1); write_instr_bit(Line1Addr); for(i=0; line1[i] !=NULL_00; i++) { LCD_DATA=line1[i]; REG_SELECT=1; LCD_CS=1; MSDelay_lcd(5); LCD_CS=0; } write_instr_bit(Line2Addr); for(i=0; line2[i] !=NULL_00; i++) { LCD_DATA=line2[i]; REG_SELECT=1; LCD_CS=1; MSDelay_lcd(5); LCD_CS=0; } DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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} void check_Modem(void) { unsignedchar count = 0; gbok_flag = 0; while(1) { ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count=0; TxdCommandToModem("AT\r\n"); gbok_flag = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2); // gbok_flag =1; if(gbok_flag) break; count++; if(count == 10) { Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Modem init",LINE1_ADDR, "Fail", LINE2_ADDR); } } } void check_SIM_SIMPIN(void) { unsignedchar count = 0; gbok_flag = 0; ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; while(1) { MSDelay(50); TxdCommandToModem("AT+CPIN?\r\n"); gbok_flag = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("READY",5); //gbok_flag=1; if(gbok_flag) break; ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; count++; if(count == 10) Prep_lcd_Write_Data("INSERT SIM",LINE1_ADDR, "CARD", LINE2_ADDR); } }
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//This finction used to send the data or string to seriely till null presence void TxdCommandToModem(unsignedchar *s) { while(*s!=NULL_00) { SBUF = *s; MSDelay(1); s++; } MSDelay(50); } void ClearRecdCharArray(void) //void TxdCommandToModem(unsigned char *s) { unsignedchar loop; for(loop=0; loop<=MAX_RECD_CHAR; loop++) recd_char[loop] = 0x20; }
bit mystr_recdchar_ncmp(unsignedchar *chkString, unsignedchar StrLength) { unsignedchar uChar1,uChar2=0x00; while((uChar2+StrLength)<MAX_RECD_CHAR) { uChar1=0x00; while(uChar1<StrLength) { if(recd_char[uChar2+uChar1]!=*(chkString+uChar1)) break; uChar1++; } if(uChar1==StrLength) { StringPos = (uChar1+uChar2) - StrLength; return(1); } uChar2++; } return(0); }
void serial_Init(void) DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

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{ PCON = 0x80;//doubling the baud rate TMOD = 0x20;//timer1 mode2 (autoreload) TH1 = 0xFA; // 9600 Baudrate SCON = 0x50; //serial mode1 8bit data TR1 = 1;//T1 CONTR0L BIT TI = 1; RI = 0; ES = 1; PS = 1; EA = 1; }
void serial(void) interrupt 4 { unsignedchar temp_char; if(TI) { TI = 0; } else if(RI) { temp_char = SBUF; RI = 0; //$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D if((temp_char>='A'&& temp_char<='Z') || (temp_char>='0'&& temp_char<='9') || (temp_char=='"') || (temp_char==',') || (temp_char=='.') || (temp_char=='*')|| (temp_char=='+') || (temp_char=='$')) { recd_char[recd_count++] = temp_char; if(recd_count >=MAX_RECD_CHAR) recd_count = 0; } } }
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void Handle_GPGGA(void) { unsignedchar i,n,k = 0; unsignedlongint uliLong = 0; unsignedchar output[6] = "000000"; SEL_GSM_GPS = 1; //////////// while(1) { //$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D REN = 1; MSDelay(50); gubGPGSA = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("GPGSA",5);
if(gubGPGSA) { REN = 0; gubGPGGA = mystr_recdchar_ncmp("GPGGA",5); if(gubGPGGA) { memset(ucDisplay1,BLANK_SPACE,MAX_DISP_CHAR); memset(ucDisplay2,BLANK_SPACE,MAX_DISP_CHAR); //////////////////////// Latitude ////////////////////
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D Latitude[0] = recd_char[StringPos+22]; Latitude[1] = recd_char[StringPos+23]; Latitude[2] = recd_char[StringPos+24]; Latitude[3] = recd_char[StringPos+25]; Latitude[4] = NULL_00; uliLong = atol(&Latitude[0]); uliLong = uliLong * CONVERT_SEC_MILISEC; n=5; while(uliLong) { k=uliLong%10; uliLong=uliLong/10; output[n--]= k + ASCII_NUM_ZER0; } DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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ucDisplay1[0] = recd_char[StringPos+17]; ucDisplay1[1] = recd_char[StringPos+18]; ucDisplay1[2] = 0x20; ucDisplay1[3] = recd_char[StringPos+19]; ucDisplay1[4] = recd_char[StringPos+20]; ucDisplay1[5] = 0x20; ucDisplay1[6] = output[0]; ucDisplay1[7] = output[1]; ucDisplay1[8] = '.'; ucDisplay1[9] = output[2]; ucDisplay1[10] = output[3]; ucDisplay1[11] = recd_char[StringPos+27]; ucDisplay1[16] = NULL_00; //////////////////////// Longitude ////////////////////
//$GPGGA,124138.001,1257.8899,N,07732.0803,E,1,09,0.9,913.8,M,85.2,M,,0000*7A$0D Langitude[0] = recd_char[StringPos+35]; Langitude[1] = recd_char[StringPos+36]; Langitude[2] = recd_char[StringPos+37]; Langitude[3] = recd_char[StringPos+38]; Langitude[4] = NULL_00; uliLong = atol(&Langitude[0]); uliLong = uliLong * CONVERT_SEC_MILISEC; n=5; memset(output,ASCII_NUM_ZER0,6); while(uliLong) { k=uliLong%10; uliLong=uliLong/10; output[n--]= k + ASCII_NUM_ZER0; } ucDisplay2[0] = recd_char[StringPos+30]; ucDisplay2[1] = recd_char[StringPos+31]; ucDisplay1[2] = 0x20; ucDisplay2[3] = recd_char[StringPos+32]; ucDisplay2[4] = recd_char[StringPos+33]; ucDisplay1[5] = 0x20; ucDisplay2[6] = output[0]; ucDisplay2[7] = output[1]; ucDisplay2[8] = '.'; ucDisplay2[9] = output[2]; ucDisplay2[10] = output[3]; ucDisplay2[11] = recd_char[StringPos+40]; // E or W ucDisplay2[13] = '-'; ucDisplay2[14] = recd_char[StringPos+44]; //Number of cells Present ucDisplay2[15] = recd_char[StringPos+45]; if(ucDisplay2[15]==',') DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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{ ucDisplay2[15] = ucDisplay2[14]; ucDisplay2[14] = 0x30; } ucDisplay2[16] = NULL_00; ////////////// SMS Format ////////////// memset(ucxSMSLatLongData,0x20,33); for(i=0; i<=11; i++) { ucxSMSLatLongData[i] = ucDisplay1[i]; ucxSMSLatLongData[i+13] = ucDisplay2[i]; } ucxSMSLatLongData[25] = NULL_00; if( (ucDisplay1[8] == '.') && (ucDisplay2[8] == '.')&& ((ucDisplay1[11] == 'N') || (ucDisplay1[11] == 'S')) && ((ucDisplay2[11] == 'E') || (ucDisplay2[11] == 'W'))) { Prep_lcd_Write_Data(&ucDisplay1[0],LINE1_ADDR, &ucDisplay2[0], LINE2_ADDR); MSDelay(100); REN =1; gbAcc_DetFlag = 0; if((ucDisplay1[6] >= '5') && (ucDisplay1[7] >= '3')) { BUZZER = 1; MOTAR = 0; Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Border Crossinng",LINE1_ADDR, "Take back Boat", LINE2_ADDR); if(ucSMSFlag == 1) { SEL_GSM_GPS = 0; ucSMSFlag = 0; Sms_CommandToModem("Border Crossed"); Prep_lcd_Write_Data(&ucDisplay1[0],LINE1_ADDR, &ucDisplay2[0], LINE2_ADDR); } } elseif((ucDisplay1[6] <'5') && (ucDisplay1[7] <'3')) { ucSMSFlag = 1; BUZZER = 0; MOTAR = 1; }
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REN =0; SEL_GSM_GPS = 1; ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; gubGPGGA = 0; gubGPGSA = 0; break; } }//GPGGA }//GPGSA } } //Send the SMS w.r.t the MGMT void Sms_CommandToModem(unsignedchar *s) { Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Sending....SMS ",LINE1_ADDR, "Please Wait ", LINE2_ADDR); TxdCommandToModem(&ucMGMTNum1[0]); MSDelay(25); ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; while(*s!=NULL_00) //Send the characters from string s till NULL present { SBUF = *s; MSDelay(1); s++; } SBUF = CONTRL_Z; MSDelay(10); s++; SBUF = CARRIAGE_RETURN; //send the carriaghe return ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; while((!mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2)) && (!mystr_recdchar_ncmp("ERROR",5))); //Wait for OK or ERROR after sent SMS if(mystr_recdchar_ncmp("OK",2)) Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Message Sent ",LINE1_ADDR, "Successfully ", LINE2_ADDR); elseif(mystr_recdchar_ncmp("ERROR",5)) Prep_lcd_Write_Data("Message Sending",LINE1_ADDR, "Failed ", LINE2_ADDR); MSDelay(100); ClearRecdCharArray(); recd_count = 0; } DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY
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FLOW CHART
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN CHAPTER 6:
EXPECTED RESULT:
This project enables authority people on the sea shore to stop the boat, sends the message to the owner and starts the buzzer in the boat whenever he crosses a fixed latitude and longitude (not to cross location).
CHAPTER 7: EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
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GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN CHAPTER 8:
ADVANTAGES
1. 2. It saves the life of the fisher man who are unaware about the territorial border. It avoids the conflicts between the countries because of crossing the border by the
fisherman. 3. 4. It can also be used for other vehicles for location purpose. It does not require any manual operation.
CHAPTER 9:
APPLICATIONS
1. This project helps to get exact location of the boat and by using Google earth we Can trace the boat. 2. Using the locations the boat owner can call the fisherman and tell him not to cross further or return back. 3. This project makes use of a buzzer and it starts the buzzer whenever the limit is reached.
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CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

It is a useful device for safer navigation, especially for fishermen. Since Sri Lanka and India have got lots of problems regarding the maritime boundary of the country, this device is made to identify the maritime boundary and to provide assistance if needed. The main advantage of this project is compact and low cost. Our project can be extended to advance future components and PIC microcontroller, so that it can be widened to large applications with more accurate results. The design of the device can be made even smaller than proposed by modifying the design specifications. Efficiency can be improved by implementing more accurate GPS systems. This application can be integrated with mobile phones, PDA so as to make it portable. This helps in extending its scope not only to maritime boundary identification, but also to other ideas.
Page 47
REFERENCES: WWW.PHILIPS.COM WWW.KEIL.COM WWW.MICROCHIP.COM WWW.ATMEL.COM WWW.DALLAS.COM WWW.PYRAMIDSERIES.COM WWW.2WIRESERIALEEPROM.COM
THE
8051<MUHAMMADAL
MAZZIDI,JANICE
GILLISPIE
MAZZIDI><2002EDITION> THE 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER<KENNETH JAYALA><1996 EDITION> THE8051<MICROCONTROLLER<>AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS<MAZZIDI AND ROLIN D MCKINLAY><2007 EDITION>
Page 48

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Abstract:

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN CHAPTER 1

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

CHAPTER-3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIG 1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7

P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15

19 18 XTAL1 XTAL2 31 9 EA/VPP RST AT89C52

+5V R3 220E C6 D7 LED

FIG 2: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

4.2 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

FIG 3: ARCHITECTURE OF 8051

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

8051 Pin details

FIG 4: PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

4.4 A LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

Interfacing with 8051:

FIG 5: INTERFACIN OF LCD WITH MC

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERME FISHERMEN

4.5 RELAY Circuit symbol for a relay

Relay showing coil and switch contacts

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

Relay coil current =

4. For example: A 12V supply relay with a coil resistance of 400

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERME FISHERMEN

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

TTL Voltage to/from MAX232

DEPT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY, RYMEC BELLARY

GPS BASED BORDER ALERT SYSTEM FOR FISHERMEN

Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1

FIG 6: (a) INSIDE MAX232 (b)ITS CONNECTION WITH 8051