SOLID MECHANICS I

(BDA 10402)
Lecture 4: Axial Loads

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Deformation Under Axial Load

From Hooke's Law

=E
Lo
Ao

F = = E AE

Since can be obtain from the elongation L

= L

then

F L = AE

If the bar is subjected to different axial forces F

F L AE
2

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

Sign Convention
Sign: tension and elongation ! Sign: com"ression and contraction
& A & * !( !) # ' $ 4 % )

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

Strain Relative
& A # !( !) $ %

5 L AB A/B= A AB E

3 L BC B /C = A BC E

7 LCD C / D = ACD E

5 L AB 3 L BC A /C = A AB E ABC E A/ C A /C = L AC
BDA 10402 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 4

More on Strain Energy Density

Strain +nerg, %ensit, is based on the strain calculation Strain +nerg, %ensit, relates with the corres"onding strains
+xam"les:

5 L AB A/B= A AB E
2 1 Fi u i= 2 Ai E

1 1 5 A / B 1 52 u A / B = = = 2 2 A AB L AB 2 A AB E

In general

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

Approximation Approa !
A2

A2 L2

L1
A1
F
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A1
F
Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

FL1 FL2 = A1 E A2 E

Stati ally Indetermina y

Structures for which internal forces and reactions cannot be determined from statics alone are said to be staticall, indeterminateA structure will be staticall, indeterminate whene.er it is held b, more su""orts than are re/uired to maintain its e/uilibrium0edundant reactions are re"laced with unknown loads which along with the other loads must "roduce com"atible deformations-

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

"rin iple of S#perposition

L = L R =0
BDA 10402 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

$!ermal Stress
A change in tem"erature can cause material to change its dimensionsIf the tem"erature increases 1 generall, the material ex"ands1 whereas if the tem"erature decreases1 the material will contractT = T L

T : the algebraic change in length of the member : a "ro"ert, of the material1 referred to as the linear coefficient of thermal ex"ansion 23 : the change in tem"erature of the member L : the original length of the member
BDA 10402 Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto 9

Example "ro%lem &'(

3he A!(4 Steel column 5+67**89a: is used to su""ort the s,mmetric loads from the two floors of a building%etermine the loads 9; and 97 if A mo.es downward ( mm and # mo.es downward 7-7& mm when the loads are a""lied3he column has a cross!sectional area of ;4-47& mm7-

(-4 m

(-4 m

(Hibbeler, 7th d, !roble" #$%&

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

10

Example "ro%lem &')

4** k= A reinforced concrete "edestal 5+67&*89a: ha.ing dimensions and loads as shown in the "icture<nder the action of loads1 the maximum "ermissible shortening of the "edestal is ; mm5a: If the area A7 is three times A;1 what is the minimum "ermissible area A; 5b: If the areas A; and A7 are such that the com"ressi.e stresses in both "arts of the "edestal are the same1 what is the minimum "ermissible area A; ('ere, (th d, !roble" ).%$#&

A; 4&* k= 7m A7
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;-& m

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

11

Example "ro%lem &'*

3he A!(4 steel rod 5+67**89a: is subjected to the loading shown in the figure- If the cross sectional area of the rod is 4* mm7 1determine the dis"lacement of A and #- =eglect the si>e of the cou"lings at #1 $ and %-

(Hibbeler, 7th d, !roble" #$(&

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

12

Example "ro%lem &'&

3he su""ort consists of a solid red brass $'(4** 5+6;*;89a: "ost surrounded b, a (*4 stainless steel tube 5+6;?(89a:- #efore the load is a""lied1 the ga" between these two "arts is ; mm8i.en the dimensions shown1 determine the greater axial load that can be a""lied to the rigid ca" A without causing ,ielding of an, one of materials-

(Hibbeler, 7th d, !roble" #$#*&

BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

13

Example "ro%lem &'+

*-7 mm 3he two circular rod segments1 one of aluminum and the other one co""er1 are fixed to the rigid walls such that there is a ga" of *-7 mm between them when 3; 6 ;&o$+ach rod has a diameter of (* mm1 @Al 6 745;*!4:Ao$1 +al 6 )* 89a @$< 6 ;)5;*!4:Ao$1 +$< 6 ;74 89a %etermine the a.erage normal stress in each rod if 37 6 ;&*o$ $alculate the new length of the aluminum segment-

$o""er ;** mm

Al 7** mm

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Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

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BDA 10402

Dr. Waluyo Adi Siswanto

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