Line Parameter

Positive Sequence Z1= 0.0752+j0.398 /km

Zero Sequence Z0= 0.226+ j1.194 /km
Line Length
Length of Shortest line
Length of Longest line
CT Ratio
PT Ratio
Zone 1 Setting
Zone 2 Setting
Zone 3 Setting
Zone 4 Setting
Imp Ratio
Fault Resistance ph-ph
Fault Resistance ph-Earth
Reactance Ratio

= 30.1 km
=80km
=80km
=800
=220kv
=80%
=50%
=100%
=20%
= CT/PT=0.4
=4.0
=24.0
= 1.0

Line Impedance
Zone-1:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1
Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.0752 * 30.1 * 0.4
= 0.905

X1

= X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 30.1 * 0.4
= 4.792

R0

= R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 30.1 * 0.4
= 2.721

X0

= X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 30.1 * 0.4
= 14.376

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Zone-2:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1

= R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.0752 * 80 * 0.4
= 2.406

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

X1

= X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 80 * 0.4
= 12.736

R0

= R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 80 * 0.4
= 7.232

X0

= X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 80 * 0.4
= 38.208

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Zone-3:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1
Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.0752 * 80 * 0.4
= 2.406

X1

= X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.398 * 80 * 0.4
= 12.736

R0

= R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 80 * 0.4
= 7.232

X0

= X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 80 * 0.4
= 38.208

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Zone-4:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1
Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms
X1

= R1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.0752 * 84 * 0.4
= 2.527
= X1 * Line Length * Imp Ratio
= 0.398 * 84 * 0.4
= 13.373

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

R0

= R0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 0.226 * 84 * 0.4
= 7.594

X0

= X0 * Line Length * Imp Ratio

= 1.194 * 84 * 0.4
= 40.118

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Setting Calculation
Zone-1:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1
Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= R1 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 0.905 * 0.8 * 1
= 0.724

X1

= X1 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 4.792 * 0.8 * 1
= 3.834

R0

= R0 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 2.721 * 0.8 * 1
= 2.177

X0

= X0 * % of Zone-1 * Reactance Ratio

= 14.376 * 0.8 * 1
= 11.501

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Formula:
Fault Resistance ph-ph

= [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP

= ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4
= ( 2 * 0.724 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 3.048

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN
= [ ( 2.177+ 2*0.724 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 ) ]/ 1.7
= 10.80 / 1.7
= 6.35

Zone-2:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1

= Zone1 R1 + [ 50% * Zone2 R1 ]

= 0.905 + [ 0.5 * 2.406 ]
= 2.109

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= Zone1 X1 + [ 50% * Zone2 X1 ]

=4.792 + [ 0.5 * 12.736 ]
X1
= 11.16

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

R0

= Zone1 R0 + [ 50% * Zone2 R0 ]

= 2.721 + [ 0.5 * 7.232 ]
= 6.337

X0

= Zone1 X0 + [ 50% * Zone2 X0 ]

= 14.376 + [ 0.5 * 38.208 ]
= 33.48

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Formula:
Fault Resistance ph-ph

= [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP

= ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4
= ( 2 * 2.109 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 5.818

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN
=[ ( 6.337+ 2*2.109 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 )] / 1.7
= 13.11 / 1.7

Zone-3:
Positive Sequence Resistance in ohms
R1

= Zone1 R1 + [ 100% * Zone3 R1 ]

= 0.905 + [ 1 * 2.406 ]
= 3.312

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= Zone1 X1 + [ 100% * Zone3 X1 ]

=4.792 + [ 1 * 12.736 ]
X1
= 17.528

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

R0

= Zone1 R0 + [ 100% * Zone3 R0 ]

= 2.721 + [ 1 * 7.232 ]
= 9.953

X0

= Zone1 X0 + [ 100% * Zone3 X0 ]

= 14.376 + [ 1 * 38.208 ]
= 52.584

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Formula:
Fault Resistance ph-ph

= [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP

= ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4
= ( 2 * 3.312 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 8.224

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN
=[( 9.953+ 2*3.312 / 3 ) + ( 24 * 0.4 )] / 1.7
= 15.125 / 1.7
= 8.8

Zone-4:
Positive sequence Resistance in ohms
R1

= Zone4 R1 *[ 20%]
= 2.527 * [ 0.2 ]
= 0.505

Positive Sequence Reactance in ohms

= Zone4 X1 *[ 20%]
=13.373 * [ 0.2]
X1
= 2.675

Zero Sequence Resistance in ohms

R0

= Zone4 R0 *[ 20%]
= 7.594 * [ 0.2 ]
= 1.519

X0

= Zone4 X0 *[ 20%]
= 40.118 * [ 0.2 ]
= 8.024

Zero Sequence Reactance in ohms

Formula:
Fault Resistance ph-ph

= [ 2 * R1 ] + [ RF * Imp Ratio ]

Fault Resistance ph-Earth

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) + (RF * Imp Ratio) ] / 1 + KN

Fault Resistance ph-ph RFPP

= ( 2 * R1 ) + RF * 0.4
= ( 2 * 0.505 ) + ( 4 * 0.4 )
= 2.61

Fault Resistance ph-Earth RFPE

= [ ( R0 + 2R1 / 3) +( RF * 0.4) ] / 1 + KN
= [( 1.519 + 2*0.505 / 3 )+ ( 24 * 0.4) ] / 1.7
= 10.443 / 1.7
= 6.142

Kit Calculation
Reactance Method
Formula:
X = KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
Zone-1:
X
3.834
[ GX + FX/1000 ]

= KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 3.834/2.5
= 1.533 [ ph-ph ]
= 3.834/5
= 0.7668 [ 3ph]
= 3.834/3
= 1.278 [ ph-Earth ]

Zone-2:
X
11.160
[ GX + FX/1000 ]

= KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 11.160/2.5
= 4.464 [ ph-ph ]
= 11.160/5
= 2.232[ 3ph]
= 11.160/3
= 3.72 [ ph-Earth ]

Zone-3:
X
17.528
[ GX + FX/1000 ]

= KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 17.528/2.5
= 6.903 [ ph-ph ]
= 17.528/5
= 3.451[ 3ph]
= 17.528/3
= 5.84 [ ph-Earth ]

Zone-4:
X
2.675
[ GX + FX/1000 ]

= KF P / S1S2 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 2.5*1/1 [ GX + FX/1000 ]
= 2.675/2.5
= 1.07 [ ph-ph ]
= 2.675/5
= 0.535 [ 3ph]
= 2.675/3
= 0.891 [ ph-Earth ]

Resistance Method
Formula:
R = KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X
Zone-1 :
R
= KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X
[ GR + FR/1000 ]
= R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X
Ph-Ph = 3.048 / 2.5 [ 1/20 * 3. 834]
= 1.027
Ph-Er = 6.35/ 3 [ 1/20 * 3. 834]
= 1.925
3 Ph = 3.048 / 5 [ 1/20 * 3. 834]
= 0.417
Zone-2 :
R
= KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X
[ GR + FR/1000 ]
= R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X
Ph-Ph = 5.818/ 2.5 [ 1/20 * 11.160]
= 1.769
Ph-Er = 7.716/ 3 [ 1/20 * 11.160]
= 2.014
3 Ph = 5.818/ 5 [ 1/20 * 11.160]
= 0.605

Zone-3 :
R
= KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X
[ GR + FR/1000 ]
= R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X
Ph-Ph = 8.224/ 2.5 [ 1/20 * 17.528]
= 2.413
Ph-Er = 8.8/ 3 [ 1/20 * 17.528]
= 2.056
3 Ph = 8.224/ 5 [ 1/20 * 17.528]
= 0.768
Zone-4 :
R
= KF P / S1S2 [ GR + FR/1000 ] + KQ/20 * X
[ GR + FR/1000 ]
= R S1S2 / KF P - KQ/20 * X
Ph-Ph = 2.61/ 2.5 [ 1/20 * 2.675]
= 0.910
Ph-Er = 6.142/ 3 [ 1/20 * 2.675]
= 1.91
3 Ph = 2.61/ 5 [ 1/20 * 2.675]
= 0.388