Tense Present Simple

Affirmative/Negative/Question A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?

Use action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking

Signal Words always, every , never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, )

A: He is speaking. Present Continuous N: He is not speaking. (Progressive) Q: Is he speaking? Past Simple A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?

at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, )

A: He was speaking. Past Continuous N: He was not speaking. (Progressive) Q: Was he speaking? Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

when, while, as long as

already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

A: He has been speaking. Present N: He has not been speaking. Perfect Continuous Q: Has he been speaking? (Progressive) Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?

putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration) action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future

all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day

Past Perfect A: He had been speaking. Continuous N: He had not been speaking. (Progressive) Q: Had he been speaking?

for, since, the whole day, all day

Future I Simple

A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?

in a year, next , tomorrow assumption: I think, probably, perhaps in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future I Simple (going to) Future I Progressive

action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future

in one year, next week, tomorrow

Zero-type conditionals If clause Main or conditional clause

If + Present tense Present tense If you heat water it boils. The zero conditional is normally used to talk about facts and to express general truths. (Zero condiional se folosete cnd vorbim despre date i de a exprima fapte adevarate)

First-type conditionals
Form and meaning This type refers to future possibilities that are certain or probable. (Condiional1 se refer la viitoare posibiliti care sunt sigure sau probabile) First-type conditionals If clause If + Present tense Main or conditional clause Future tense

If they don't arrive we'll leave without soon them. If they are late I'm going to be angry.

Second-type conditionals
Form and meaning This type is often called the hypothetical or 'unreal' future conditional since it is usually used to speculate about either very unlikely future situations or present and future impossibilities. ( Folosit pentru a face supoziii cu privire la viitoarele i prezentele situaii sau viitoarele situaii imposibile) Second-type conditionals If clause Main or conditional clause

If + Past tense would + verb If I had time I would drop you off at school. If I had wings I would fly.

Third-type conditionals
Form and meaning This type refers to hypothetical situations in the past. In this case we use the Past Perfect tenses in the ifclause and would + have in the main clause. ( Folosit pentru situaii ipotetice n trecut) Third-type conditionals If clause If + Past tense Main or conditional clause Perfect would have + participle past

If I had known about his condition If we had known about the storm

I would have phoned for you earlier. we wouldn't have started our journey.