Research Topic Encouraging and Discouraging Factors Which Influence on Students Participation in Speaking Lessons: A Study on Year 4 Students

of SK Batu Asahan, Sungei Petani, Kedah Research Objectives RO1 To find out the perception of Year 4 students participation in in-class speaking activities demonstrated by students themselves and speaking teachers during English classes. To investigate extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors, which have influence on students participation in speaking lessons.

RO2

Research Questions RQ1 From the perspectives of Year 4 students and teachers, to what extent do students participate actively in in-class speaking activities? What extrinsic and intrinsic factors encourage and discourage their participation in inclass speaking activities as suggested by teachers and students?

RQ2

Definition of Terms Speaking Speaking is the productive oral skill, which consists of producing systematic verbal utterances. Brown, D. (1994) Speaking Activities Any operation which is used to consolidate language already taught or acquired and which occurs during the free stage of a lesson or students can produce meaningful and authentic utterances without the controlling influence of the teacher or the course. Klippel (1984) This study aims at five types of communicative end; role-play, discussion, opinion sharing, reasoning gap and prepared talks.

Literature Review According to Davis (2009), students enthusiasm and willingness to participate in a classroom through these verbal engagements will create a conducive classroom environment. Students with high self efficacy showed better academic achievement and participating more in the classroom (Pajares, 1996 & Schunk, 1995) Traits that have been shown by instructor, such as supportive, understanding, approachable, friendliness through positive nonverbal behaviour, giving smiles and nodded for admitting the answers that are given by students (Siti Maziha, Nik Suryani & Melor, 2010) Siti Maziha, Nik Suryani & Melor (2010) found out that the traits shown by peers or classmates play an important role in providing incentives for students to participate in class discussions. Shaheen, Cheng, Audrey & Lim (2010) in their study identified that students felt that they prefer to participate in discussions in small group as compared with in bigger classroom. Proposed Interview Questions Students Perception of Active Participation in A Classroom Lesson Q1 Which of the following is considered as classroom active participation to you?

a) Voluntarily answering teacher's questions b) Giving opinions about certain topics discussed in class c) Making spontaneous contribution d) Making a commentary e) Asking questions f) Participating in group discussion g) Coming to school regularly h) Always be in class

Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N