Experiment II 6/18 PULSE AC TO DC CONVERTER

Group III 1. Adlan Bagus Pradana 2. SVSS Chandrasekhar

DEPARTMENT O ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING M! Te"# Po$er E%e"troni"&' E%e"tri"(% M("#ine& ) Dri*e& +PEEMD, EEP8-. PO/ER ELECTRONICS LA0ORATOR1 2 1!3 Cre4it& 6/18 PULSE AC TO DC CONVERTER E5PERIMENT NO! . I! Moti*(tion6 DC supply is gaining very much importance than AC in recent years with the improvement in electronic e uipment. But recti!ication circuits introduce more harmonics into the AC system. "ence the uality o! the supply reduces. So recti!ier should #e designed such that the uality o! AC supply should #e maintained. As per the $%%% standards current &"D should #e less than '(. &o attain this there are two ways. )ne is to design !ilters to reduce harmonics and other to go !or multilevel or multipulse converters. &his e*periment introduces some o! the multipulse AC to DC converters. +ith the input three phase supply the output pulses can #e multiple o! si*. $n this e*periment , and 1- converter per!ormance are o#served. A di!!erent autotrans!ormer is used to o#tain ./phase outputs with 20 degrees !or 1- pulse con!iguration.

II! O78e"ti*e6 1. Study characteristics o! a ,/pulse1 and 1-/pulse uncontrolled three/phase #ridge recti!iers with !iltered output. 2a3 4ecord the AC supply voltage and current wave!orm1 harmonic spectrum1 &"D1 crest !actor1 rms value1 distortion !actor1 displacement !actor and power !actor1 output DC voltage average value1 peak/peak ripple and ripple !actor in ,/pulse and 1-/pulse uncontrolled recti!iers with 2i3 resistive load 2ii3 dc series inductor !ilter1 2iii3 dc shunt capacitor !ilter1 and 2iv3 dc series inductor and shunt capacitor 25C3 !ilter at two loads. 2#3 Simulate in 6A&5AB with SPS tool#o*1 the AC supply voltage and current wave!orm1 "armonic spectrum1 &"D1 crest !actor1 rms value1 distortion !actor1 displacement !actor and power !actor1 output DC voltage average value1 peak/peak ripple and ripple !actor in ,/pulse and 1-/pulse uncontrolled recti!iers with 2i3 resistive load 2ii3 dc series inductor !ilter1 2iii3 dc shunt capacitor !ilter1 and 2iv3 dc series inductor and shunt capacitor 25C3 !ilter at two loads using same parameters as in part 12a3.

+ith this trans!ormer arrangement the dc link voltage o#tained is slightly higher than that o! a ,/pulse diode #ridge recti!ier output voltage1 due to 1-/pulse recti!ication. &o make the proposed ac/dc converter suita#le !or retro!it applications1 the trans!ormer design is modi!ied to make the dc link voltage same as that o! ,/pulse diode #ridge recti!ier. 7ig.' shows the schematic diagram o! an 1-/pulse ac/dc converter suita#le !or retro!it applications. $t also shows the winding connection diagram !or achieving di!!erent voltage ratios !rom the autotrans!ormer #y simply varying the tapping positions on the windings. &his ensures that #oth the output voltages are still having the re uired phase shi!t o! 8200 2!or achieving the eighteen/pulse operation3.

III! T#eor96

&o achieve the ,/pulse recti!ier operation1 the !ollowing connections are #een done1 &o achieve the 1-/pulse recti!ier operation1 the !ollowing conditions have to #e satis!ied9 a3 &hree sets o! #alanced ./phase line voltages are to #e produced1 which are either 200 or :00 out o! phase with respect to each other. "ere1 8 200 phase shi!t is used to reduce the si;e o! magnetics. #3 &he magnitude o! these line voltages should #e e ual to each other to result in symmetrical pulses and reduced ripple in output dc voltage. 7ig.1 2a3 shows the winding connection diagram o! the proposed autotrans!ormer !or achieving an 1-/pulse recti!ication and 7ig.1 2#3 represents the relationship among various phase voltages. 7rom the supply voltages1 two sets o! ./phase voltages 2phase shi!ted through <200 and /2003 are produced. &he num#er o! turns re uired !or <200 and / 200 phase shi!t are calculated as !ollows. Consider phase =a> voltages as shown in 7ig. 1a9

7igure 1 2a3 7igure 12c3 shows the 1- pulse con!iguration !or AC to DC converter with di!!erential trans!ormer con!iguration. &he inter!ace trans!ormer connections at the output o! the #ridges avoid the circulating currents to !low #etween the #ridges and give 1- pulse output. &he simulink diagram o! the inter!ace trans!ormer is shown at right side. &he operation is as !ollows. +hen a circulating current tries to !low !rom #ridge1 to #ridge/2 then %67>s will induce in the windings such that it opposes current !low through them. &hus circulating current can #e made ;ero and the current !rom the #ridges !lows out to load.

7igure 1 2#3

IV! Pre2experiment(% :ue&tion&6 1. +hat is the advantage o! con!iguration used in this e*periment? 2. +hat is the phase shi!t re uired at the output !or 1- pulse output? .. +hat is meant #y pulse multiplication and how it can #e o#tained?

V! E:uipment (n4 "omponent&6 1. 1- pulse AC/DC converter setup. 2. DC and AC voltmeters. .. DC and AC ammeters. :. ./phase auto trans!ormer.

'. Power analy;er. ,. 6ultimeter. 1-/P@5S% C)A7$B@4A&$)A

7igure 1 2c3

VI! Pro"e4ure6 1-/pulse converter9 1. Connect the circuit diagram as per the circuit diagram. 2. Apply the three phase input voltage. .. Vary the load and o#tain the input voltage1 input current1 p!1 DP71 D71 &"D1 and ripple !actor at two di!!erent loads.

VII! Experiment O7&er*(tion&6 A! T(7u%(tion T(7%e

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vi 51.8 52.1 50 49.6 50.28 50 Ii 1.128 3.279 1.089 3.117 2.02 4.78 CF-V 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 4.3 3.2 CF-I 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 THD-I 28.9 28.4 28.9 28.4 87.5 79.2 DPF 1 1 1 1 0.89 0.94 Vo 69.3 67.5 66 65.05 68.92 67.56 Vo (p-p) 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.1 0.09 0.37 Filter No filter No filter L filter L filter C filter C filter Pulse 6 6 6 6 6 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

50.89 50.52 50.45 51.35 50.81 48.9 50.17 48.7 49.99 98.8

1.247 3.205 3.398 8.04 1.249 2.672 1.603 2.887 3 3.324

2.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.4

60.4 36.7 6.9 7.3 7.6 6.5 22.7 16 8.1 8.3

0.96 0.99 0.98 0.99 1 1 0.98 0.98 1 1

67.46 66.53 100.2 100.6 96.4 92.4 96.9 92.8 94.2 193

0.21 0.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.4 0 0

L-C filter L-C filter No filter No filter L filter L filter C filter C filter L-C filter L-C filter

6 6 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0! Gr(p# 1! 6 Pu%&e' No i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; VC$ Gr(p#

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

.! 6 Pu%&e' L i%ter N o Rem(r ; Gr(p#

VC$

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

<! 6 Pu%&e' C i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; VC$ Gr(p#

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

-! 6 Pu%&e' L2C i%ter N Rem(r Gr(p#

o 1

; VC$

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

3! 1. Pu%&e' No i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; VC$ Gr(p#

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

6! 1. Pu%&e' L i%ter N Rem(r Gr(p#

o 1

; VC$

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

=! 1. Pu%&e' C i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; VC$ Gr(p#

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

8! 1. Pu%&e' L2C i%ter N Rem(r Gr(p#

o 1

; VC$

Power

&"D/$

Vo 2p/ p3

C! Re&u%t

Input Current THD

100 80 % THD 60 40 20 0 1 Load 2 6P-No filter" 6P-L Filter 6P-C Filter 6P-LC Filter 12P-No Filter 12P-L Filter 12P-C Filter 12P-LC Filter

Output Voltage Peak-Peak

4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 Load 2

6P-No filter" 6P-L Filter 6P-C Filter 6P-LC Filter 12P-No Filter 12P-L Filter 12P-C Filter 12P-LC Filter

V p-p

D! Con"%u&ion 7rom e*periment we can conclude as !ollow 9 1. Current input &"D and output voltage peak to peak are relatively independent !rom load change 2. %!!ect o! pulse increasing !rom , to 1- pulse is decreasing input current &"D and output voltage peak to peak 2ripple3

VIII! Simu%(tion O7&er*(tion

I1 0.02263 RMS RMS signal THD 0.6614 0.7177 THD1

THD

I2 27.22

RMS1 RMS

V P I PQ1

A B C

A B C

Va bc Iabc a b c

A B C

Three-Phase Source

!
-

+ v -

66.57 V1

V-I

Bri"ge
Continuo us powe rgui i + -

!oa"
V2

I3

+ - v

V3

V4

,/Pulse 6odel
I1 0.05478 RMS RMS signal THD 0.04264 0.05529 THD1

THD
I2 28.75 RMS1 V RMS I Va bc Iabc a b c P PQ1

P
A+ B+ C+ ABCa3 b3 c3 A B C + A B C ' + v 64.94 V1

A B C

A B C

Three-Phase Source

V-I

Trans#or$er
i + -

Bri"ge

(roun"ing Trans#or$er

I
v + V4

I3 A+ B+ C+ ABCV2 a3 b3 c3 A B C +

V3

!oa"

Co ntinuo us powergui

Trans#or$er&

Bri"ge&

A A+ B+ C+ ABCa3 b3 c3 A B C + B C '

Trans#or$er%

Bri"ge%

(roun"ing Trans#or$er &

1-/Pulse 6odel A! T(7u%(tion T(7%e

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Vi 49.1 46.31 49.08 46.31 50.35 45.51 50.25 45.51 49.16 48.95 49.16 48.95 49.14 48.94 49.27 48.93 Ii 0.2849 0.4292 0.2847 0.4284 0.2987 0.4406 0.2985 0.4394 0.2582 0.3919 0.2582 0.3919 0.258 0.3924 0.2592 0.3924 THD-I 25.55% 23.74% 25.49% 23.71% 25.74% 24.15% 25.73% 24.22% 4.035% 1.305% 3.766% 1.415% 3.729% 1.282% 4.028% 1.251% Vo 69.44 65.5 69.39 65.39 71.2 64.37 71.08 64.22 62.36 61.91 62.32 61.9 62.31 61.89 62.54 61.88 Vo (p-p) 10 12 12 15 12 12 10 13 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 1 0.7 2 0.8 Filter No filter No filter L filter L filter C filter C filter L-C filter L-C filter No filter No filter L filter L filter C filter C filter L-C filter L-C filter Pulse 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

0! Gr(p# 1! 62Pu%&e' No i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; Vin

Vout

.! 62Pu%&e' L i%ter N o Rem(r ;

Vin

Vout

<! 62Pu%&e' C i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; Vin

Vout

-! 62Pu%&e' L2C i%ter N o Rem(r ;

Vin

Vout

3! 62Pu%&e' No i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; Vin

Vout

6! 1.2Pu%&e' L i%ter N o Rem(r ;

Vin

Vout

=! 1.2Pu%&e' C i%ter N o 1 Rem(r ; Vin

Vout

8! 1.2Pu%&e' L2C i%ter N o Rem(r ;

Vin

Vout

C! Re&u%t

Input Current THD

30.00% 25.00% % THD 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% 1 Load 2 6P-No filter" 6P-L Filter 6P-C Filter 6P-LC Filter 12P-No Filter 12P-L Filter 12P-C Filter 12P-LC Filter

Output Voltage Peak to Peak

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 Load 2

6P-No filter" 6P-L Filter 6P-C Filter 6P-LC Filter 12P-No Filter 12P-L Filter 12P-C Filter 12P-LC Filter

D! Con"%u&ion 7rom e*periment we can conclude as !ollow 9 1. Current input &"D and output voltage peak to peak are relatively independent !rom load change 2. %!!ect o! pulse increasing !rom , to 1- pulse is decreasing input current &"D and output voltage peak to peak 2ripple3 .. 7ilter usage is not uite e!!ective !or decreasing input current &"D :. Decreasing o! output voltage peak to peak #y usage o! !ilter is more e!!ective !or , pulse converter1 #ut not so e!!ective !or 1- pulse converter

Vpp

I5! Pre"(ution&6 1. Connections must #e tight. 2. Capacitor must #e discharged #e!ore disconnecting and conducting another e*periment.

5! RE ERENCES6 1. Bhim Singh1 B.Bhuvaneswari and Vipin garg1 DA Aovel Polygon Based 1-/Pulse ACE DC Converter !or Vector Controlled $nduction 6otor Drives.F1 $%%% transactions on power electronics1 vol/221 Ao/21 pg/:--/:G, 6arch/200H.

5I! IN ERENCE6 7rom #oth o! e*periment and simulation we can conclude as !ollow 9 1. Current input &"D and output voltage peak to peak are relatively independent !rom load change 2. %!!ect o! pulse increasing !rom , to 1- pulse is decreasing input current &"D and output voltage peak to peak 2ripple3 .. Decreasing o! input current &"D and decreasing o! voltage peak to peak #y increasing pulse is clearer in simulation than ine*periment. $t is caused #y !actor #elow 9 a. %*periment care!ullness #. 6easurement e uipment care!ullness c. %*periment apparatus