ODT YabancI Diller Yksek Okulu METU School of Foreign Languages READING SECTION (32 pts.) TEXT I.

(14 pts.) Picking Apples A New England Tradition By Gennadi Preston Throughout New England, people know that fall has arrived when the McIntosh apples begin to turn red in the orchards in early September. After the "mac" apples come the Cortlands, the Empires, the McCoons and, finally, the Red and Golden Delicious. All through September and October, the aroma of ripe, fully grown, apples fills the air on sunny days an invitation to come picking. A day of apple picking is, in fact, a popular way to spend a fall day in New England. From Connecticut to Maine, it is generally possible to find an orchard within an hour's drive and the trip is well worth the time. Not only will it provide you with plenty of the freshest apples to be found, but it will also give you a chance to take in some sunshine and autumn scenery and get some exercise. The picking is usually best done by adults. Children should not climb up into trees and risk hurting themselves and damaging the trees -- younger members of the family can have fun just romping around the orchard. The picking may not take long two hours at most but many of the orchard owners now offer other kinds of entartainment. At some orchards, you can go for pony rides or ride on a hay-filled wagon. You may be able to watch a horse-show or visit the cows or sheep in the pasture. You may also decide to take a hike and have a picnic along a country lane. Some orchards have set up refreshment stands in their barns where you can taste local products, such as apple cider and homemade baked goods.

10

15

A few hints:

1. Call before you go. Check the local newspaper for the names and locations of orchards which offer pick-your-own apples. Then phone to find out their hours, since they may change from one orchard to another.
20

You should also ask about the rules regarding bags and containers. Most orchards provide bags, but a few do not and some will allow only certain types of containers. 2. Check in when you arrive . Before you start picking, you should check with the orchard owner about which varieties are ripe in that period, and which parts of the orchard are open for picking. Respect the owner's privacy and do not go where you are not allowed!

25

3. Pick carefully. When you pick the apples, treat them gently. Some orchard owners advise pickers to treat the apples as though they were eggs. If they bruise, they will spoil more quickly. The technique for picking is simple: hold the apple firmly but not too tightly and twist it off the branch, taking care to leave the stem attached, since removal of the stem will also cause rot. 4. Don't waste apples. Be careful to pick only the apples you need. You may be tempted (attracted) and you may pick too many of the delicious looking fruit, and then find that the apples go bad before you can eat them. Since the apple season lasts for almost two months, you can always return for another load of apples later. 5. Keep what you pick! Once you take an apple off the tree, you must keep it. It's not fair to the orchard owner to leave apples on the ground where they will quickly spoil.

30

35

6. Store your apples properly. Put your apples in the refrigerator as soon as you get home. Studies by the Vermont Department of Agriculture have shown that apples last seven times longer when kept under refrigeration. If you do pick too many apples to eat in a week or two, you could try freezing them to use later in pies and cakes. Simply peel, core and slice them, and then put them in airtight plastic bags. They may be kept in the freezer for up to a year. Write to the Department of Agriculture in the state that interests you and ask them to send a list of orchards that offer pick-your-own.

40

A.

Contextual Guessing (0.5 pt. each; 1 pt.) 1. 'they' (line 18) refers to __________________________. 2. 'them' (line 31) refers to __________________________. Guess the meanings of the following words using the clues in the text. (0.5 pt.each; 1 pt.) 1. 'ripe' (line 4) probably means __________________________. 2. 'tempted' (line 29) probably means __________________________. Circle True (T) or False (F). (1 pt. each; 4 pts.) F F F 1. The first apples that turn red in the orchards of New England are the McCoons. 2. 3. You can pick apples from all over the orchards. You can leave some of the apples on the ground to help the orchard owner to collect them later. Frozen apples can be used about a year later to make pies and cakes.

B.

C. T T T

4.

D. Fill in the gaps with ONE WORD ONLY using the information in the text. (1 pt. each; 8 pts.) The article recommends picking apples all through September and October when the inviting (1)_____________ of the apples attracts people . Driving to the orchards, which are situated between Connecticut and Maine, takes only an hour and the trip gives you the chance to pick the (2)_____________ apples. You also have the chance to enjoy the (3)________________ and the wonderful scenery ; in other words, the great colors of the season. In addition to picking, you can find different types of (4)_____________ such as riding on wagons, watching horse-shows and tasting the local products. The article also suggests some valuable advice to follow. After finding out an orchard, you should phone the owner and find out their hours. Another hint is the rules about (5)_____________ . Some owners require certain types of these. As for picking, you should be careful. There is a simple technique for it. You should pay attention to the stem and you should let it remain (6)_____________. Another important point is not wasting the apples. Just pick the ones you need.The picking season is long and it is possible to (7)_______________ to the orchards later. Finally, you are advised to store the apples you have picked properly. If you want to try picking apples, you can get a (8)_______________ from the Department of Agriculture with the names of the orchards.

TEXT II. (15 pts.) THE MAGIC OF THE SILVER SCREEN 1 On 28 December 1895, in a cafe in Paris, the Lumiere brothers, Louis and Auguste gave a public show. They showed a motion picture for the first time. This event, hardly noticed at the time, marks the beginning of one of the world's major entertainment industries. The earliest films were very short, just snippets in fact, and the audiences were easily impressed. They were very pleased to watch them.Early film makers liked the scenes of wild animals attacking the audience and those which showed cowboys shooting straight at them. One film by the Lumiere brothers showed a train arriving at a station. It caused some of the audience to flee, that is to escape, in terror, believing that the train would hit them. Technical development was very rapid, i.e.,quick, which made films even more attractive. By 1914, feature films were up to two hours long and most of the techniques used by modern film makers had been discovered. Colour films were made in the early 1900s, although they did not become common until the 1940s. Experiments with sound began as early as 1896 but the first film with sychronised sound was 'The Jazz Singer' (1927). Until that time, live piano music accompanied performances of silent films. One of the disadvantages of 'talkies' is that if you can't understand the language, you can't understand the film, if it is not sub-titled or dubbed. Back projection was being used by 1913 and is still used very effectively in modern films such as 'Superman' (1978). Back projection involves shooting a background scene, projecting that scene onto a screen and then filming the actors in front of the screen. In this way, we get the impression that Superman is flying over a landscape, which has, of course, previously been filmed from an aircraft. Special effects of various kinds, including the use of models, were introduced by Georges Melies in his fantasy film 'Voyage to the Moon' (1902). Another film that used models effectively was 'King Kong' (1933). The gorilla, which seemed to be as tall as a house, was in fact a 40 cm model. By using the technique, first used by Georges Melies, of stop action, (in which the film is started again), King Kong was made to move fairly realistically. Sometimes models are life-size, like the shark in 'Jaws' (1975). During the first half of this century, going to the cinema was a very popular activity and audiences were huge. In other words, a great number of people watched movies.From the 1950s onwards, audiences declined, or decreased, and many cinemas were forced to close as more and more people bought television sets. The film industry introduced several technological innovations against television, such as ultra-wide screens, stereophonic sound and, less successfully, films that could be seen in three dimensions if special glasses were worn. Nowadays, films are technically advanced and this developed technology is advantageous since it provides an experience that television cannot match.

A.

Contextual Guessing (0.5 pt. each; 2 pts.) 1. "those" (para.1) refers to those _____________________. 2. "them" (para.1) refers to ________________________. 3. "Until that time" (para.2) refers to until ________________________. 4. "that scene" (para.2) refers to ________________________.

B.

Guess the meaning of the words. (1 pt. each; 4 pts.) 1. "impressed" (para.1) probably means ________________________. 2. "rapid" (para.2) probably means ________________________. 3. "declined" (para.3) probably means ________________________. 4. "advanced" (para.3) probably means ________________________. Mark the following as True (T) or False (F). (1 pt. each; 5 pts.) F 1. Producers did not use cowboys and wild animals in the early days of film making. F 2. Color films became popular in the early 1900s. F 3. Georges Melies was the first person to use models in filming industry. F 4. Film makers used a life-size model of a gorilla very effectively in 'King Kong'. F 5. One of the technological innovations, three dimension films were very successful.

C. T T T T T

D. Answer the following questions. Give SHORT answers. (2 pts. each; 4 pts.) 1. Which problem do film makers solve by dubbing or writing sub-titles for talkies? _____________________________________________________________________. 2. Which technique made King Kong move realistically? _____________________________________________________________________. VOCABULARY SECTION (0.5 pt. each; 3 pts.) 1. The famous band, "Back Street Boys" are going on a nationwide tour to ___________ their new record. a) promote b) include c) decrease d) increase The factory plans to ___________ a total of forty workers for its new branch. a) share b) employ c) add d) decide The committee is ___________ of three engineers and five doctors. a) shared b) form c) contain d) composed

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Between 1990 and 2000, the city's population ___________ by 12%. a) remained b) disappeared c) expanded d) evaporated Oxygen is ___________ for all the living things. No living creature can live without it. a) common b) tiny c) vital d) visible Many buildings ___________ after heavy bombing and thousands of people were killed. a) collapsed b) dropped c) bounced d) floated