UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN Faculty Course Year/ Semester Session : : : : Engineering and Science Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)

Mechanical/Civil/Chemical Engineering 2/1, 2/2, 3/1 2013/05 Unit Code Unit Title Lecturer : : : UEME3112 Fluid Mechanics II Ms. Jaslyn Low Foon Siang

Tutorial No. ( 4 )

1. Carbon dioxide at 20C and a pressure of 550 kPa (abs) flows in a pipe at a rate of 0.04 N/s. Determine the maximum diameter allowed if the flow is to be turbulent. 2. Water flows at U = 1 m/s past a flat plate with L = 1 m in the flow direction. The boundary layer is tripped, so it becomes turbulent at the leading edge. Evaluate (a) the boundary layer thickness, (b) displacement thickness, (c) the wall shear stress at x = L. Assume a 1 7 -power turbulent velocity profile.

3. For turbulent flow in a circular pipe with a radius of R, find r/R at the radial distance from the centerline where the mean velocity occurs. 4. Water in pipe (f = 0.012) is at a temperature of 15C. (a) If the mean velocity is 3.2 m/s, what is the thickness of the viscous sublayer? (b) What will the thickness be if we increase the velocity to 5.5 m/s and f does not change? 5. Determine the thickness of the viscous sublayer in a smooth 8-in.-diameter pipe if the Reynolds number is 25,000. Given that f = 0.024. 6. Water at 20C flows in a 9-cm diameter pipe under fully developed conditions. The centerline velocity is 10 m/s. Compute (a) Q , (b) u avg , (c) w and (d) p for a 100-m pipe length. 7. The pipe friction head loss in 200 ft of 6-in-diameter pipe is 25 ftlb/lb when oil (sp. gr. = 0.90; viscosity = 0.0008 lbsec/ft2) flows at 2 cfs. Determine the centerline velocity, the shear stress at the wall of the pipe, and the velocity at 2 in. from the centerline. 8. When 50-mm-diameter smooth pipe carries water at 20C, the Reynolds number is 104. Determine the friction velocity and total frictional resistance in 200-m-length of the pipe. 9. The velocities in a 60-cm-diameter pipe carrying oil at 4.5 and 4.2 m/s on the centerline and at a radial distance of 10 cm from the axis, respectively. Calculate the discharge in the pipe.

10. A 200-mm-diameter pipe with equivalent roughness is = 0.01 mm carries water over a length of 125 mm. It is observed that the pressure drops in this length by 15.25 kN/m2. Find whether the pipe behaves as smooth or rough. Also, determine centerline velocity and discharge through the pipe. 11. Atmospheric boundary layers are very thick, but follow formulas very similar to those of flatplate theory. Consider wind blowing at 10 m/s at a height of 80 m above a smooth beach. Estimate the wind shear stress, in Pa, on the beach if the air is standard sea-level conditions. What will the wind velocity striking your nose be if (a) you are standing up and your nose is 170 cm off the ground and (b) you are lying on the beach and your nose is 17 cm off the ground? 12. Laboratory wind tunnel has test sections 1 ft square and 2 ft long. With nominal air speed U 1 = 80 ft/s at the test section inlet, turbulent boundary layers form on the top, bottom, and side walls of the tunnel. The boundary layer thickness is 1 = 0.8 in. at the inlet and 2 = 1.2 in. at the outlet from the test section. The boundary layer velocity profiles follow one-seventh power-law equation. Evaluate the free stream velocity, U 2 , at the exist from the wind tunnel test section. Determine the change in static pressure along the test section. 13. The velocity profile in a turbulent boundary layer flow at zero pressure gradient is u y approximated by the 1 -power profile expression, = 1 / 6 , where = , U is the free 6 U stream velocity, is the turbulent boundary layer thickness, y is the vertical distance above a flat plate, and u is the velocity at y . Use the von Krmn momentum integral equation with this profile to obtain expressions for (i) / x , where x is the distance from the leading edge of a flat plate, (ii) skin friction coefficient C f . Given the wall shear stress is
1 / 4 w = 0.0233U 2 Re ,