FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

TUTORIAL 1 DEKA1213

1. Two vectors have length

and

. What are the maximum and minimum

magnitudes of their vector sum?

2. In archery, should the arrow be aimed directly at the target? How should your angle of aim
depend on the distance to the target?

3. Graphically determine the resultant of the following three vector displacement: (1)
north of east; (2) east of north; and (3) west of south.

4. Three vectors are shown in Fig. 1. Their magnitudes are given in arbitrary units. Determine
the sum of the three vectors. Give the resultant in terms of (a) components, (b) magnitude and
angle with axis.









Fig. 1

5. You are given a vector in the plane that has a magnitude of units and a component
of units. (a) What are the two possibilities for its component? (b) Assuming the
component is known to be positive, specify the vector which, if you add it to the original one,
would give a resultant vector that is units long and points entirely in the direction.

6. A rocket rises vertically, from rest, with an acceleration of

until it runs out of fuel at

an altitude . After this point, its acceleration is that of gravity, downward. (a) What is
the velocity of the rocket when it runs out of fuel? (b) How long it take to reach this point? (c)
What maximum altitude does the rocket reach? (d) How much time (total) does it take to
reach maximum altitude? (e) With what velocity does it strike the Earth? (f) How long (total)
is it in the air?

7. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of from the edge of a cliff
high. (a) How much later does it reach the bottom of the cliff? (b) What is its speed just
before hitting? (c) What total distance did it travel?

8. A baseball is hit with a speed of at an angle of . If the ball was hit when it was
above the ground, what horizontal distance does it travel before it lands on the ground?



9. A projectile is shot from the edge of a cliff above ground level with an initial speed of
at an angle of with the horizontal. (a) Determine the time taken by the
projectile to hit the ground? (b) Determine the distance that the projectile hit the ground from
the base of the cliff. At the instant just before the projectile hits the ground, find (c) the
magnitude of the velocity, and (e) the angle made by the velocity vector with the horizontal.
(f) Find the maximum height above the cliff top reached by the projectile.

10. An athlete executing a long jump leaves the ground at a angle and lands away.
(a) What was the takeoff speed? (b) If this speed were increased by just , how much
longer would the jump be?






















TUTORIAL 1 (ANSWER) DEKA1213

1. The maximum magnitude of the sum is 7.5 km, in the case where the vectors are parallel.
The minimum magnitude of the sum is 0.5 km, in the case where the vectors are antiparallel.

2. No. The arrow will fall toward the ground as it travels toward the target, so it should be aimed
above the target. Generally, the farther you are from the target, the higher above the target the
arrow should be aimed, up to a maximum launch angle of 45. (The maximum range of a
projectile that starts and stops at the same height occurs when the launch angle is 45)

3. The vectors for the problem are drawn approximately to scale. The
resultant has a length of 17.5m and a direction 19 north of east.
If calculations are done, the actual resultant should be 17 m at 23
o

north of east.




4. 44.0cos 28.0 38.85 44.0sin 28.0 20.66
x y
A A = = = =
26.5cos56.0 14.82 26.5sin56.0 21.97
31.0cos 270 0.0 31.0sin270 31.0
x y
x y
B B
C C
= = = =
= = = =

(a)
( ) ( ) 38.85 14.82 0.0 24.03 24.0
x
= + + = = A+B+C

( ) ( ) 20.66 21.97 31.0 11.63 11.6
y
= + + = = A+B+C
(b) ( ) ( )
2 2
24.03 11.63 26.7 = + = A+B+C
1
11.63
tan 25.8
24.03
u

= =

5. (a) Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the possible x components.
( )
2
2 2 2
90.0 55.0 5075 71.2 units x x x = + = =
(b) Express each vector in component form, with V the vector to be determined.

( ) ( )
( )

71.2 55.0 80.0 0.0
80.0 71.2 151.2 55.0

151.2 55.0
x y
x y
V V
V V
+ + = +
= = =
= +
i j i j i j
V i j

1
V
2
V
3
V
R 1 2
3

= +
+
V V V
V
R
V



6. (a) Choose upward to be the positive direction, and
0
0 y = at the ground. The rocket has
0
0, v =
2
3.2m s , a = and 950m y = when it runs out of fuel. Find the velocity of the
rocket when it runs out of fuel.
( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2
950 m 0 0
2 2
950 m 0 0
2
2 0 2 3.2m s 950 m 77.97m s 78m s
v v a y y
v v a y y
= +
= + = + = ~

The positive root is chosen since the rocket is moving upwards when it runs out of fuel.
(b) The time to reach the 950 m location can be found from Eq. 2-12a.
950 m 0
950 m 0 950 m 950 m 2
77.97 m s 0
24.37 s 24 s
3.2m s
v v
v v at t
a

= + = = = ~
(c) For this part of the problem, the rocket will have an initial velocity
0
77.97m s, v = an
acceleration of
2
9.80m s , a = and a final velocity of 0 v = at its maximum altitude.
The altitude reached from the out-of-fuel point can be found from Eq. 2-12c.
( )
( )
( )
2 2
950 m
2
2
950 m
max 2
2 950 m
77.97m s 0
950 m 950 m 950 m 310 m 1260 m
2 2 9.80m s
v v a y
v
y
a
= +

= + = + = + =

(d) The time for the coasting portion of the flight can be found from Eq. 2-12a.
0
950 m coast coast 2
0 77.97 m s
7.96 s
9.80m s
v v
v v at t
a

= + = = =

Thus the total time to reach the maximum altitude is
24.37 s 7.96 s 32.33s 32 s . t = + = ~
(e) For the falling motion of the rocket,
0
0m s, v =
2
9.80m s , a = and the
displacement is 1260 m (it falls from a height of 1260 m to the ground).
( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2
0 0
2 2
0 0
2
2 0 2 9.80m s 1260 m 157m s 160m s
v v a y y
v v a y y
= +
= + = + = ~

The negative root was chosen because the rocket is moving downward, which is the
negative direction.
(f) The time for the rocket to fall back to the Earth.
0
0 fall 2
157 m s 0
16.0 s
9.80m s
v v
v v at t
a

= + = = =

. Thus the total time for the

entire flight is 32.33 s 16.0 s 48.33s 48s . t = + = ~ .
7. Choose downward to be the positive direction, and
0
0 y = to be at the top of the cliff. The
initial velocity is
0
12.5m s, v = the acceleration is
2
9.80m s , a = and the final location is
75.0m. y =

(a) Using Eq. 2-12b and substituting y for x, we have the following.
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
0 0 2
4.9m s 12.5m s 75.0 m 0 2.839s , 5.390s y y v t at t t t = + + = =
The positive answer is the physical answer: 5.39s . t =
(b) We have
( )( )
2
0
12.5m s 9.80m s 5.390s 40.3m s . v v at = + = + =
(c) The total distance traveled will be the distance up plus the distance down. The
distance down will be 75.0 m more than the distance up. To find the distance up, use
the fact that the speed at the top of the path will be 0. Using Eq. 2-12c we have the
following.
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 0
0 0 0 2
0 12.5m s
2 0 7.97m
2 2 9.80m s
v v
v v a y y y y
a

= + = + = + =
Thus the distance up is 7.97 m, the distance down is 82.97 m, and the total distance
traveled is 90.9m.

8. Choose the origin to be the point on the ground directly below the point where the baseball
was hit. Choose upward to be the positive y direction. Then
0
1.0m, y = 13.0m y = at the
end of the motion, ( )
0
27.0sin 45.0 m s 19.09m s,
y
v = = and
2
9.80m s .
y
a =
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
0 0 0 2 2
2 2
1
2 0 0
1
2
0
0
0
4
19.09 19.09 2 9.80 12.0
2 9.80
0.788s, 3.108s
y y y y
y y y
y
y y v t a t a t v t y y
v v a y y
t
a
= + + + + =


= =

=

The smaller time is the time the baseball reached the buildings height on the way up, and the
larger time is the time the baseball reached the buildings height on the way down. We must
choose the larger result, because the baseball cannot land on the roof on the way up. Now
calculate the horizontal distance traveled using the horizontal motion at constant velocity.
( ) | |( ) 27.0cos45.0 m s 3.108s 59.3m
x
x v t A = = =

9. Choose the origin to be at ground level, under the place where the projectile is launched, and
upwards to be the positive y direction. For the projectile,
0
65.0m s, v =
0
35.0 , u =
,
y
a g =
0
115m, y = and
0 0 0
sin .
y
v v u =

(a) The time taken to reach the ground, with a final height of 0.
( )
( )
2 2
1 1
0 0 0 0 2 2
2 2
1
2 0 0 0 0
1
2
0
0
0 sin
sin sin 4
9.964s , 2.3655s 9.96s
2
y y
y y v t a t y v t gt
v v g
t
g
y
u
u u
= + + = +

= = =

Choose the positive time since the projectile was launched at time t = 0.
(b) The horizontal range is found from the horizontal motion at constant velocity.
( ) ( )( )( )
0 0
cos 65.0m s cos35.0 9.964s 531m
x
x v t v t u A = = = =
(c) At the instant just before the particle reaches the ground, the horizontal component of its
velocity is the constant ( )
0 0
cos 65.0m s cos35.0 53.2m s .
x
v v u = = =
( ) ( )( )
2
0 0 0
sin 65.0m s sin35.0 9.80m s 9.964s
60.4m s
y y
v v at v gt u = + = =
=

(d) The magnitude of the velocity is found from the x and y components calculated in part (c)
above.
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
53.2m s 60.4m s 80.5m s
x y
v v v = + = + =
(e) The direction of the velocity is
1 1
60.4
tan tan 48.6
53.2
y
x
v
v
u


= = = , and so the object is
moving 48.6 below the horizon .
(f) The maximum height above the cliff top reached by the projectile will occur when the y-
velocity is 0, and is found from Eq. 2-12c.
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 max
2
2 2 2
0 0
max 2
2 0 sin 2
65.0m s sin 35.0 sin
70.9m
2 2 9.80m s
y y y
v v a y y v gy
v
y
g
u
u
= + =

= = =


10. (a) Use the level horizontal range formula from Example 3-10.
( ) ( )
2
2
0 0
0
0
7.80 m 9.80m s
sin 2
9.72m s
sin 2 sin54.0
v Rg
R v
g
u
u
= = = =

(b) Now increase the speed by 5.0% and calculate the new range. The new speed
would be
( ) 9.72m s 1.05 10.2m s = and the new range would be as follows.
( )
2
2
0 0
2
10.2m s sin54 sin2
8.59m
9.80m s
v
R
g
u
= = =
This is an increase of ( ) 0.79m 10% increase . .