Dialogues: We waited for you all morning

Chapter 3 Review (Lessons 23-32)

Vocabulary from Lessons 23-33

Диалђг
Мы всё ѓтро ждЌли тебј We waited for you all morning

КЌтя: 1 Где ты был в суббђту? Мы всё ѓтро ждЌли тебј. Where were you on Saturday? We waited for
2 Всё бѕло ђчень хорошђ. Мы с Лёшей весь день you all morning. Everything was really good.
3 игрЌли в тЎннис, а Ђня с ГрЏшей гулјли в пЌрке. Lyosha and I played tennis all day, and Anya
and Grisha took a walk in the park.
ВалЎра: 5 Я потерјл ключ, не мог открѕть дверь. Я всю I lost (my) key. I couldn’t open (my) door. I
6 ночь спал в машЏне. Бѕло очень хђлодно и slept the whole night in (my) car. It was really
7 непријтно. cold and unpleasant.
КЌтя: 8 Беднјга. А ты знЌешь, я нашлЌ ключ на столЎ You poor thing. You know, I found a key on
9 в пјтницу. Мђжет быть, ты егђ там остЌвил. (my) table last Friday. Maybe you left it there.
ВалЎра: 10 Ты нашлЌ ключ и ничегђ не сказЌла! You found a key and you didn’t say anything!
КЌтя: 11 Ѓсли бы я знала, что іто твой ключ, конЎчно, я If I had known that it was your key, of course I
12 бы сказЌла. Ты дѓмаешь, что я дѓра, что ли? would have said. Do you think I’m an idiot, or
13 Ну, хорошђ, что ты хђчешь дЎлать сегђдня? something? Anyway, what do you want to do
today?
ВалЎра: 14 Я хочѓ спать, но мне нЎкогда. I want to sleep, but I don’t have the time.

СловЌрь
×
2 жда+ + ACC wait for (No preposition required in Russian.) This is a 1st-conjugation verb with
no mutation: жду, ждёшь, ждут. Past Tense: ждал, ждалЌ, ждЌло, ждЌли)
5 потерјй+ lose (Another {A}й-verb)
5 {открђй+ / открѕ+} open
8 беднјга poor thing (for both male and female)
8 нашёл´ (ё), нашлЌ, нашлЏ find (Stick with the Past Tense with this verb for now)
9 остЌви+ leave (behind); forget

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 Chapter 3 − Review Lesson 33

REVIEW OF LESSONS 23-32

• Tag questions
Add что ли? to questions to express doubt or surprise:

Что шѓтишь, что ли? Are you joking or something?

ОнЌ актрЏса, что ли? What is she, an actress?

• Case

All nouns and their modifiers (which taken together constitute a Noun Phrase) are marked for Case in Russian. The Case
endings indicate the grammatical function of the Noun Phrase. There are 6 Cases in Russian, of which we have seen 3:

1) Nominative – The “dictionary form”. Most commonly used for the subject of the sentence.
2) Accusative − Most commonly used for the direct object (see more uses below).
3) Locative (also known as Prepositional), Most commonly used to indicate location after the prepositions в or на.

Here is a chart of the Case endings we have had so far. Adjective endings appear on the left, noun and
possessives/demonstratives on the right (??? indicates a form we have not seen yet):

SINGULAR PLURAL
Masucline Neuter Feminine All Genders
NOM -{I}й, -ђй -∅ -{O}е -{O} -{A}я -{A} / -ь -{I}е M/F: -{I}; N: -{A}
нђвый магазЏн нђвое пальтђ нђвая машЏна нђвые магазЏны
хорђший словЌрь хорђшее мЎсто хорђшая фотогрЌфия хорђшие словарЏ
сЏний стол сЏнее плЌтье сЏняя дверь сЏние крЎсла
плохђй студЎнт плохђе мјсо плохЌя пЎсня плохЏе машЏны
мой фотоаппарЌт моё здЌние мој спЌльня моЏ здЌния
наш отЎц нЌше крЎсло нЌша дочь нЌши кнЏги
ACC Inanimate = NOM Same as NOM -{U}ю -{U}/ -ь Inanimate = NOM
Animate = ??? Animate = ???
нђвую машЏну
хорђшую фотогрЌфию
Same as Nominative сЏнюю дверь Same as Nominative
(for Inanimate Masculine) плохѓю пЎсню (for Inanimate)
мої спЌльню
нЌшу дочь
LOC Adjectives: ??? Nouns-е / -ии (Fem Nouns in ь > и) ???
на столЎ в письмЎ в МосквЎ
в словарЎ на печЎнье в РоссЏи ???
о гЎнии в здЌнии на кровЌти

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• Accusative Case

Uses of the Accusative

1) Direct Object of Transitive Verb

Я хочѓ нђвую машЏну. I want a new car.

МЌша купЏла нђвый холодЏльник. Masha bought a new fridge.
Ты не вЏдел моё пальтђ? Did you see my coat?
Лёня опјть потерјл ключЏ. Lyona lost (his) keys again.

2) Time: Duration/Frequency

DURATION (ВЕСЬ, ЦЃЛЫЙ) FREQUENCY (КЂЖДЫЙ)

Он спал весь день. ВЎра мђется кЌждый день.
He slept all day. Vera bathes every day.

Я занимЌлась всю ночь. Я кЌждую пјтницу глЌжу брїки.

I studied all night. I iron my pants every Friday.

ОнЌ цЎлый год учЏлась в МосквЎ.

She studied for a whole year in Moscow.

3) Time Expressions Using в + ACC:

a) At a certain time of the hour: Обѕчно я встаї в час, а сегђдня я встЌл в пять.
I usually get up at 1:00, but today I got up at 5:00.

б) On a certain day of the week: В срЎду я игрЌла в гольф.

On Wednesday I played golf.

4) Аfter certain verbs + prepositions

×
a) look at: смотре+ на Почемѓ ты смђтришь на менј?
Why are you looking at me?

б) playing a sport: игрЌй+ в Кђля хорошђ игрЌет в тЎннис.

Kolya plays tennis well.

• Multiple Negation and Negation with Prepositions

In addition to the negative particle не, when required, a ни-word(s) or phrase(s) is also used.

Question words/phrases and their negative forms.:

QUESTION WORD НИ-WORD

что ничегђ
кто никтђ
кого никогђ
когда никогдЌ
где нигдЎ
какђй никакђй
чей ничЎй
почемѓ N/A

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 Chapter 3 − Review Lesson 33

For prepositional phrases, a separated ни goes in front. Don’t put anything between the Preposition and its complement:

о чём ни [о чём]
на когђ ни [на когђ]
на что ни [на что]

To be safe put all the ни-words/phrases immediately after the subject (which itself may be the никтђ). Никтђ is normally
the first word of the sentence, and никогдЌ and нигдЎ usually go before any other ни-words. You must also include не
followed by the verb phrase.

МЌша никогдЌ ни на когђ не смђтрит.

Masha never looks at anyone.

Никтђ ничегђ не купЏл.

No one bought anything.

Я никогдЌ ни о чём не дѓмаю.

I never think about anything.

• Verb Agreement with 1) кто/никтђ; 2) что/всё/ничегђ; 3) все

КТО, НИКТІ: MASC SG ЧТО, ВСЁ, НИЧЕГІ: NEUT SG ВСЕ: PLURAL

Кто был на вечерЏнке? Что бѕло на столЎ? Все бѕли прђтив
Никтђ ничегђ не вЏдел. Всё бѕло хорошђ. Все пЏли, пЎли и тацевЌли
На столЎ ничегђ не лежЌло.

• Name and I; You and Name

A literal translation using и and is not possible. Instead use: 1) Мы с Name; 2) Вы с Name where the ending on the Name
(assuming it ends in -{A}) {O}й. The verb agrees with мы or вы:

Мы с МЏшей идём в кинђ. = Misha and I are going to the movies.

Вы с ВЎрой игрЌете в футбђл? = Are you and Vera playing soccer?

• The Conditional
The particle бы is used with a Past Tense verb to:

1) “Soften” a wish:

Я бы хотел знЌть, почемѓ онЌ сказЌла іто.

I would like to know why she said that.

Никтђ не хотЎл бы купЏть твої машЏну

No one would want to buy your car.

2) Indicate a situation that was/is/will be “unreal”. Often a two-part construction is used, one part headed by Ѓсли бы, the
other part containing just бы. (Past Tense verbs in both parts). To be safe, put бы as the second element in the clause:

Ѓсли бы я учЏлся в ГЌрварде, я бы всё время смотрЎл телевизђр.

If I went to Harvard, I would watch TV all the time.

Я бы прекрЌсно говорЏла по-францѓзски, Ўсли бы я жилЌ в ПарЏже.

I would speak French superbly if I lived in Paris.

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33-й урок ПовторЎние

×
• The Irregular Verb хоте+ want

The Present Tense is unusual in that the ты and он/Ќ forms have 1st-conjugation ending (with т > ч mutation and shifting
stress), while the plural is 2nd-conjugation. ( The Past and Infinitive are regular, based on the stem хотЎ+:

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE

я хочѓ мы хотЏм я, ты, он, Марк хотЎл
ты хђчeшь вы хотЏтe (онђ) хотЎло
он/Ќ хђчeт онЏ хотјт я, ты, онЌ, ВЎра хотЎла
мы, вы, онЏ хотЎли
INFINITIVE
хотЎть

×
• A Strange Double-Stem Verb: {спи+ / спа+} sleep

This verb violates our rule that double-stem verbs combine harmoniously in both the Present (C+V) and the Past/Infinitive
(V+C). The Present Tense stem is спи+, which leads to V + V truncation and consonant mutation ( labial п > пль) in the я-
form. Also, it is the only double-stem verb that is 2nd-conjugation!

STEM: спЏ+ STEM: спа×+

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE
я сплю мы спим я, ты, он, Марк спал
ты спишь вы спЏтe (онђ) спЌло
он/Ќ спит онЏ спят я, ты, онЌ, ВЎра спалЌ
мы, вы, онЏ спЌли
INFINITIVE
спать

• Greasy Zeke Verbs: “Get the Л Outa Here!”

Verbs with a stem ending in г, р, с, з, к do not attach -л in the Masculine Singular form of the Past. Instead, the stem
consonant remains and the -л is booted. In all the other forms of the Past, the regular Past Tense endings (-ло, -ла, -ли) are
attached to the stem with no truncation. Of these 5 letters, so far we have only seen verbs ending in -г. Note that both are
end-stressed in Past. (We can't yet form the Infinitive of these stems):

MASC NEUT FEM PL

* -л/ * -ло -ла -ли
Г мог+΄ be able; can мог моглђ моглЌ моглЏ
Г лёг+΄ lie down лёг леглђ леглЌ леглЏ

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 Chapter 3 − Review Lesson 33

• Adverbs
Most Adverbs are formed by adding -о to the Adjective stem. Sometimes the stress will be different, but there are no great
rules for predicting when. (For Adjectives in -кий, just remove the й to derive the Adverb, with no change in stress.) There
are also quite a lot of Adverbs that are not related to Adjectives. A few examples:

Adjective Stem Adverb

красЏв-ый красЏво
плох-ђй плђхо
хорђш-ий хорошђ
дурЌцкий дурЌцки
N/A дђма / совсЎм / довђльно

• {-ай+´ / -авЌй+} Verbs

Over the course of the year we will see several verbs built on the following three double-stems: 1) {-дай+´ / -давЌй+} give;
2) {-стай+´ / -ставЌй+} rise; 3) {-знай+´ / -знавЌй+} know. (Very often, these stems will appear with a prefix, which adds a
specific meaning.) Note that the stress falls on the ending in the Present Tense, but on the stem in the Past and Infinitive.
These stems violate the rule that double-stem verbs always combine harmoniously (either V+C or C+V) because the Past
Tense/Infinitive stem ends in a consonant, giving C /+C truncation. (It may not be obvious now why we have included the
final consonant й in the Past/Infinitive stem, but we will explain that later in the course.)

Person / Ending Pronoun {встай+´ / вставЌй+ } {дай+´ / давЌй+}

Number get up give

Present Tense: End-Stressed Stem in –ай+´

1sg -{U} я встаї даї

2sg -ь{O}шь ты встаёшь даёшь
3sg -ь{O}т он/онЌ/онђ встаёт даёт
ь
1pl - {O}м мы встаём даём
2pl -ь{O}те вы встаёте даёте
3pl -{U}т онЏ встаїт даїт

Past and Infintive: Stem-Stressed Stem in -авЌй+

Masc -л я, ты, он вставЌл давЌл

Neut -ло онђ вставЌло давЌло
Fem -ла я, ты, онЌ вставЌла давЌла
Pl -ли мы, вы, онЏ вставЌли давЌли
Infin -ть вставЌть давЌть

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33-й урок Имя_________________________________

" Exercise 1 Fill in the forms. For the Locative singular, leave out any modifiers:

SINGULAR PLURAL
NOMINATIVE ACCUSATIVE LOCATIVE NOM / ACC

о нђвые фотоаппарЌты

мој машиЏна в

сЏняя кровЌть на

егђ письмђ в

их словЌрь в

большЌя спЌльня в

" Exercise 2 Fill in the correct forms of the following verbs:

want sleep remember play

Stem(s) Irregular

Present я

ты

онЏ

Past он

онЌ

онЏ

Infinitive

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Lesson 33 − Homework

" Exercise 3 Give a negative answer to the following sentences. (If you wish, where possible,
add an extra negative element for the heck of it.)

1. КогдЌ Кђля занимЌется?

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Что вы купЏли?

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. О чём онЌ дѓмает?

________________________________________________________________________________________

" Exercise 4 Turn the following sentences into conditional statements:

1. (said to Глеб) Ты лїбишь менј. Ты ждёшь менј всю ночь.

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Я знал, что ты потерјл ключ. Я открѕл дверь.

________________________________________________________________________________________

" Exercise 5 Translate into Russian:

1. Vera waited for me all morning.

________________________________________________________________________________________

2. − How did you sleep last night? + Don’t ask. – You poor thing!

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

3. I usually play tennis on Friday.

________________________________________________________________________________________

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 Vocabulary: Lessons 23 - 33

Nouns and Pronouns 27 университЎт university

32 ѓтро morning
30 футбђл soccer
27 АмЎрика America
24 хлeб bread
30 баскeтбђл basketball
30 хоккЎй hockey
33 беднјга poor thing
26 хіви-мЎталл Heavy Metal
30 бeйсбђл baseball
31 час 1:00 (lit.: hour)
32 библиотЎка library
30 шЌхматы chess (always plural in Russian)
27 блондЏн ~ блондЏнка blonde (male) ~ (female)
28 вас y’all; you (polite; ACC)
32 вЎчер evening; night Verbs
30 волeйбђл volleyball
32 врЎмя (Neuter) time 31 брђси+ 1) dump (boyfriend, wife, etc) 2) quit + INF) (lit.: ‘throw’)
27 все everyone (takes a PLURAL verb – unlike English) 31 {встай+´ / вставЌй+} wake up (repeated action)
27 год year 31 встЌн+ wake up (one-time action)
30 гольф golf ×
33 жда+ wait (for)
23 дурЌк ~ дѓра idiot; fool (male) ~ (female) 29 игрЌй+ в (+ACC) play a sport (don’t leave out the preposition!)
27 друг ~ подрѓга (boy)friend ~ (girl)friend ×
23 корми+ feed
26 (компЌкт-)дЏск CD ×
25 купи+ buy
27 кђшка a female кот 31 {лјг+ / лёг+´} go to bed (Use only the Past for now.)
28 когђ who(m) (ACC) 31 ложЏ+...ся go to bed; lie down (general action)
27 коридђр hall(way) 31 мог+´ can; be able (Use only the Past and могѓ for now.)
28 мeнј me (ACC) 33 нашёл´ (ё), нашлЌ, found (Stick with the Past Tense for now.)
26 мешок΄ (о) bag нашлЏ
25 магазЏн store (false cognate) 33 {открђй+ / открѕ+} open
24 машЏна car 33 остЌви+ leave (behind); forget (to take with)
23 молокђ milk (cognate) 25 отстЌнь leave me alone (Informal form of отстáньте)
27 МосквЌ Moscow 31 плЌка+ cry (*Present Tense is not what you think; just use in Past for
28 нас us (ACC) now)
28 (н)eгђ him (ACC) 27 подошёл´ (ё), walked up (to) (Use the Past Tense only for now)
28 (н)eё her (ACC) подошлЌ, подошлЏ
×
28 (н)их them (ACC) 27 пожив+ to live for a while
32 ночь very late night 33 потерјй+ lose
27 (СЌнкт)-Петербѓрг (Saint) Petersburg (No ‘s’ in Russian!) 27 решЏ+ decide
26 полотЎнцe towel 30 слѓшай+ курс take a course
×
27 семЎстр (don’t put an extra ‘e’ before the final ‘р’) 28 смотре+ на look at (+ ACC)
×
30 cквош squash 32 {спи+ / спа+} sleep
23 сок juice 27 улыбнѓ+…ся smile (use only in the Past Tense for now)
×
31 сосЎд ~ сосЎдка (irreg neighbor; roommate (male) ~ (female) 24 хотe+ want (Irregular)
pl of сосЎд: сосЎди) 31 храпЎ+ snore
28 тeбј you (ACC)
30 турнЏр tournament
30 тЎннис tennis

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 Vocabulary: Lessons 23 - 33

Adjectives and Adverbs Expressions and Misc.

24 бЎлый white 30 в (+ ACC) on a [day]; at a [time]

32 весь (е), всё, вся all; whole 30 в какЏe спортЏвныe what sports do (Subject) play (learn this as a phrase)
30 вЌжный important Џгры (subject) игрЌй+
23 вон (over) there 32 всё врЎмя all the time
27 давнђ long ago 27 высђкого рђста tall (lit.: ‘of tall height’)
26 жёлтый yellow 27 дЌже even
26 зeлёный green 24 дeржЏ кармЌн шЏрe don’t hold your breath (lit.: hold (your) pocket wider)
30 зЌвтра tomorrow 26 Ўсли бы if (conditional, + Past)
32 кЌждый every; each бы conditional particle (+ Past)
24 корЏчнeвый brown 30 и…и… both … and …
24 крЌсный red 27 как бѓдто as if; as though
27 молодђй young (related to млЌдший) 30 какђй сeгђдня дeнь? what day is today?
27 обѕчно usually 25 когдЌ when
25 пђздно late 25 конЎчно of course
27 первоклЌссный first class; top notch 27 кстЌти by the way
27 скѓчный boring 27 нЌдо сказЌть (I / one) must say; (I / one) must admit
23 слeпђй blind 25 нигдЎ nowhere; anywhere
24 сЏний (soft!) (navy) blue 25 никтђ no one
32 тeпЎрь now 30 но but
28 тђчно exactly; definitely; without doubt 27 ну что вы / ты! come on!; you can’t be serious
25 ужЎ already 27 ђчень пријтно nice to meet you (lit: very pleasant)
27 цЎлый whole, entire 27 прђтив against
24 чёрный black 25 слЌва Бђгу thank God; that’s good (lit.: glory to God)
27 тђже also (Be careful how you use this for now.)
32 что жe дЎлать what can you do? (learn as a phrase)
Days of the Week 23 … что ли? … or something? (a tag question)
26 я тeрпЎть нe могѓ I can’t stand (+ ACC)
30 понедЎльник Monday
30 втђрник Tuesday (во втђрник)
30 средЌ Wednesday (в срЎду)
30 четвЎрг Thursday
30 пјтница Friday
30 суббђта Saturday
30 воскресЎнье Sunday

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