International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Indian Coin Recognition with Rotation Invariance using Radial Blur Technique
Nikita Shelgikar1, Prof. L.M.R.J. Lobo2
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur

Abstract
This paper deals with the recognition of Indian coins of different denominations using radial blur technique. Radial blur technique blurs the image according to user defined points.Image of the coin is acquired initially. This is an object image, then segmentation is carried out.The radius of object image is then calculated. Radial blur technique is then applied on this image. The image is then matched with the database image. Finally results are displayed which shows acceptance or rejection of the coin.

Keywords: Radial Blur, rotation invariance, segmentation, coin recognition.

1. INTRODUCTION
There are three coin recognition systems available which includes Mehanical method based systems, Electromagnetic method based systems and Image processing method based systems. In Mechanical method based system, the physical characteristics of the coins are considered. In this system if we provide 2 coins, one of which is original and another fake, with different materials but having the same thickness then this system is not able to differentiate between these coins and treat these coins as original coins. In electromagnetic method based system, an oscillating coil is used. Coins are passed through this coil at certain frequencies.Different materials bring different changes in amplitude and direction of the frequency. This method improves the accuracy of recognition, but if a user passes game coins, then this system fails to recognize the coins. In image processing method based system, an image is acquired initially, then image processing techniques such as image segmentation, edge detection are carried out, then features are extracted from that image and based on these features coins are recognized.All techniques used are based on image processing method based system The proposed system uses rotation invariance approach, which eliminates the need of placing the coin at certain angles, also it is not necessary to place only the front side of the coin up. This paper proposes radial blur technique which blurs the image inwards or outwards according to user defined points and user defined rotations.Image of the coin is acquired initially, then that image is given for the segmentation.Then radius is calculated.Radial blur technique is then applied to that image.This technique reduces the processing time of the system.Then this image is compared with the database image.Using image subtraction technique threshold value is determined and if that value is below the standard threshold then that coin is accepted.

2. RELATED WORK
In 1992 [1] Minoru Fukumi et al. developed a system that consists of a fixed invariance network and trainable multilayered network.They used 500 yen coin and a 500 won coin. Paul Davidsson in 1996 [2] presented an approach in which they used ID3-SD algorithm,which helps in learning the decision mechanism of the coin-sorting machines. In 2003 [3] Michael Nolle et al. at the ARC Seibersdorf research center developed a system that recognizes Coins from 30 different countries. Seth McNeill et al. in 2004 [4] developed a system that mainly concentrates on the texture of the images imprinted on the coin tail. In 2005 [5] Reinhold Huber et al.developed a system that follows a multistage procedure.They used an Eigenspace approach. In 2006 [6] ADNAN KHASHMAN, BORAN SEKEROGLU, KAMIL DIMILILER developed a system that uses a neural network and coin surface patterns for identification of rotated coins by 15 degrees. In 2009 [7] C.M.VELU and P.VIVEKANANDAN developed system that recognizes the coins and count the total value of the coin. This system applies a heuristic approach to recognize the coins.

Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014

Page 287

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014 ISSN 2319 - 4847
In 2011 [8] Shatrughan Modi, Dr. Seema Bawa, have developed System for the recognition of Indian Coins. They have used Hough Transform and Pattern Averaging techniques for extracting the features from the image.

3. PROPOSED WORK
The flow chart of coin recognition is given in following Fig 1, It consists of six blocks namely, image acquisition, Image Segmentation, Radius Calculation, Radial Blur, image matching with database and finally the result. Image accquisition Segmentation Radius Calculation Radial Blur

Image Matching

Result

Fig 1: System Architecture. Image Acquisition: In image acquisition module, images of the coins are acquired. Images can be acquired via net or can be captured through a webcam. This is an object image. It is then given for segmentation. Image Segmentation: In image segmentation, the digital image is partitioned into multiple segments.This process simplifies the representation of the image. This module separates the coin image from the background. There are different ways to perform image segmentation which include, 1. Thresholding methods 2. Clustering methods 3. Transform methods 4. Texture methods Radius Calculation: The radius of the object image is calculated, Then this image is given for further processing. Radial Blur: It blurs the image according to the user defined points and user defined rotations .It reduces the processing time of the system. Image matching with database: Then this image is compared with database images which has the same diameter. Using image subtraction technique threshold value is determined and if it is below the standard threshold, then it is accepted i.e. coin is detected else rejected.

Result: If minima is less than threshold then the coin is accepted else it is rejected.

4. CONCLUSION

Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2014 ISSN 2319 - 4847
Coin recognition detects Indian coins of different denominations without the requirement of placing the front face of the coin up. It also eliminates the need of placing coins at certain angles. Image segmentation along with radial blur is used as the first step which substantially reduces the amount of data to be dealt with. This technique also decreases the processing time of the whole system. The detection of the coin is already carried out using ANN however radial blur has still to be implemented.

References
[1] Minoru Fukumi et al. A rotational invariant neural pattern recognition system for coin recognition. IEEE, 1992. Vol:3, 272-279 [2] Paul Davidsson. An approach for coin classification using learning characteristic decision trees by controlling the degree of generalization. 1996 [3] Micheal Nolle et a. A coin recognition and sorting system. In Proc. VIIth Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2003, Sydney [4] Seth McNeill et al. A coin recognition system to recognize US coins using vector quantization and histogram modeling. 2004 [5] Reinhold Huber et al, A multistage approach for coin classification using Eigenspace and Bayesian fusion. 2004 Elsevier. [6] Adnan Khashman et al. An Intelligent Coin Identification System. In international Conference on Control Applications. Pages 1226{1230 IEEE 2006 [7] C.M.VELU and P.VIVEKANANDAN. Indian Coin Recognition System of Image Segmentation by Heuristic Approach and Houch Transform . IJOPCM. Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2009 [8] Shatrughan Modi,Dr. Seema Bawa. Automated Coin Recognition System using ANN. IJCA, 2011

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