1

G.E.T. - Handout Day 3 Reducing Sounds Articles (such as the, a) are usually very reduced sounds. Before a consonant, the and a are both schwa sounds, which are reduced. Before a vowel, however, you'll notice a changethe schwa ofthe turns into a long [e !lus a connecting (y) Th ' book changes to thee(y)only book; A hat beco"es a nugly hat. #he article a beco"es an. #hin$ of [%&norn' rather than an orange; [%&no!ening , [%&neye , [%&ni"aginary ani"al . Rule ( ) * +#o, #he !re!osition to usually reduces so "uch that it's li$e dro!!ing the vowel. -se a t' or sound to re!lace to. ./ercise0 +#o, reduced to t' or t ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. today tonight to"orrow to wor$ to school to the store [t'day [t'night [t'mrou [t'wrk [t' school [t' th' store [we h7ft% go n7o [he went% work [they hou!t% fine dit [:i cn(t)wai(t)t% fine dot [we dont $now w'(t)t' do [dont ''" t' c'ncloo<h'n< [t'bee(y)r nt t' bee [he din ge(t)t% gou

6e have to go now. 8e went to wor$ #hey ho!e to find it. 9 can't wait to find out. 6e don't $now what to do. ;on't 'u"! to conclusions. #o be or not to be... 8e didn't get to go.

Rule ( 1 * 9f that sa"e to follows a vowel sound, it will beco"e d' or d. E ercise! To " d' or d. ). 8e told "e to hel!. 1. She told you to get it. 2. 9 go to wor$ 3. at a ?uarter to two 4. #he only way to get it is... 5. @ou've got to !ay to get it. =. 6e !lan to do it. >. Aet's go to lunch. B. #he score was 3 C 5 )D. 9t's the only way to do it. )). So to s!ea$... )1. 9 don't $now how to say it. [he told "eed% hel# [she tol 'ood% geddit [ai goud% wrk [7d% $worder d% two [thee(y)only wayd% geddidi< [yoov g:dd% !ayd% geddit [we !l7n d% do it [lets goud% lunch [th' score w'< for d% si [its thee(y)ounly weid% do (w)'t [soda s!ea$ [:i don(t)$now h7wd% say(y) it

)2. Eo to !age >. [goud% !ay $ate )3. Show "e how to get it. [show "e h7od% geddit )4. @ou need to $now when to do it. you nee(d)d% nou wend% do (w)it )5. 6ho's to bla"eF [hoo< d% blame Rule ( 2 * +A#, At is 'ust the o!!osite of to. 9t's a s"all grunt followed by a reduced [t . ./ercise0 at G Ht ). ;inner's at five. 1. Aeave the" at the door. 2. #he "eeting's at one. 3. 8e's at the !ost office. 4. #hey're at the ban$. 5. 9'" at school. [d'nner<%(t) fi%e [leev%"%(t)th% door [th' "eeding <'t w&n [hee<%(t)the #oussd:ff%s [thIr%(t)th' bnk' [:i"%(t)school

Rule ( 3 * 9f at is followed by a vowel sound, it will beco"e 'd or d. ./ercises0 at J vowel G Hd or d ). 9'll see you at eleven. 1. 8e's at a "eeting. 2. She laughed at his idea. 3. Kne at a ti"e 4. 6e got it at an auction. 5. #he show started at eight. =. #he dog 'u"!ed out at us. >. 9 was at a friend's house. [:iy%l see you(w)%d%l(%&n [hee<' d% meeding [she lf d%di <y deey% [w%n%d% time [we g:did%d% nksh'n [th' show stard%d% date [th' d:g 'u"! do d%d%s [:i w'<'d' fren) h7os

Rule ( 4 * 9t and at sound the sa"e in conte/t ['t ). Eive it to "e. [g'v'(t)t' "e 1. Buy it to"orrow. [b:i(y)%(t) tLmrrow 2. 9t can wait. ['t c' n wait 3. Read it twice. [ree d'(t)twice 4. Morget about itN [frgedd' b7odit *+t, ...and they both turn to 'd or %d between vowels or voiced consonants. ). Eive it a try. [givid7 try 1. Aet it alone. [ledid% lone 2. #a$e it away. [tay $ida way 3. 9 got it in Aondon. [:i g:didin l&nd'n 4. 6hat is it aboutF [w'd'<'d'bot 5. Aet's try it again. [lets try'd' gen =. Aoo$N #here it isN [l-k there'd')

*.or, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >.

#his is for you. 9t's for "y friend. A table for four, !lease. 6e !lanned it for later. Mor e/a"!le, for instance 6hat is this forF 6hat did you do it forF 6ho did you get it forF

[th's'< fr you [ts fr "y friend [% table fr four, !lee<e [we #lan dit fr layd&r [fregg )m#le [frin st'nss [w'd'< this for [w''' do(w)it for [hoo'ya geddit for [ts fr" thee(y):i(y): ress [:i" fr'" rk& ns: [hoo<it fr/m [wher'r you fr/m [ther<% cll fr'" 0b [this ledder) fr%"% lsk/

*.rom, ). 9t's fro" the 9RS. 1. 9'" fro" Ar$ansas. 2. 6ho's it fro"F 3. 6here are you fro"F 4. 9t's in the bag. 5. #his letter's fro" Alas$aN *+n, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *1n, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. *1nd, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. B.

Oo"e in. 8e's in A"erica. 9t's in the bag. 6hat's in itF 9'll be bac$ in a "inute. #his "ovieF 6ho's in itF

[c &min [hee<'n% n% m(r%$% [tsin th% bg' [w'ts'n't [:iy%l be bk'n% m&n&t [this mo%ie ... hoo)&n't

8e's an A"erican. [hee<'n% m(r%$%n 9 got an A in .nglish. [:i g:dd% nay ih ninglish 8e got an M in Algebra. [hee g:dd% neffinl '%br% 8e had an accident. [he h7d% nks%d'nt 6e want an orange. [we want'n norn$ 8e didn't have an e/cuse. [he didnt h7v% ne$s kyooss 9'll be there in an instant. [:i(y)'l be there in% ninstnt 9t's an easy "ista$e to "a$e. [its% nee<ee "' sta$e t' make

ha" and eggs bread and butter OoffeeF 6ith crea" and sugarF Po, le"on and sugar. ... And so"e "ore coo$iesF #hey $e!t going bac$ and forth. 6e watched it again and again. 8e did it over and over. 6e learned by trial and error.

[h7"% negg) [bredn buddr [kffee ... with cree"'n sh&g&r [nou ... lem'n'n sh'g'r ['n s"ore c-kee) [they $e! going b7$n forth [we wch did% gen'n' gen [he di di do%er% nover [we lrnd by try%t%ner%r

*2r, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *1re,

Sou! or saladF now or later "ore or less left or right Mor here or to goF Are you going u! or downF ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =.

[su!er salad [n7(w)r laydr [mor'r less [lefter right [f'r hir'r d'go [are you going 3#!er d4wn [w'dr you doing [wer'r you going [w'dr yQ !lanning :n doing [h7wr you [tho<er no good [h7wer you doing [the kid<er still% slee# [h7o<hier fmlee [wher'r y'r kee) [yr% mer'$'n, arn choo [tell "e wen yr reddy [i<<is y'r cr [yer lay d% gen, B:b [which w'n'< y&r) [which w'n'< bedder [w'n'v'"'< brok'n [7l yu< thee(y)/ther w'n [:i li$e the redw'n, edw'n [th7ts th' lass dw&n [the necks dw'n'll be bedd&r [hir <w'n f'r you [led'" gou w'n by w'n [ts th' best [w'ts th' madder [w'ts% #rbl'" [:i h7f t' go d' th' bthroo" [hoo<% b:ss s%r7ond hir [g'v'(t)t% th' dg [!Qdidin th' dror

6hat are you doingF 6here are you goingF 6hat're you !lanning on doingF 8ow are youF #hose are no good. 8ow are you doingF #he $ids are still aslee!. 8ow's your fa"ilyF 6here're your $eysF @ou're A"erican, aren't youF #ell "e when you're ready. 9s this your carF @ou're late again, Bob. 6hich one is yoursF 6hich one is betterF Kne of the" is bro$en. 9'll use the other one. 9 li$e the red one, .dwin. #hat's the last one. #he ne/t one'll be better. 8ere's one for you. Aet the" go one by one. 9t's the best. 6hat's the "atterF 6hat's the !roble"F 9 have to go to the bathroo". 6ho's the boss around hereF Eive it to the dog. Rut it in the drawer.

*5our, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. *2ne, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. *The, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =.

*1, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. 9t's a !resent. @ou need a brea$. Eive hi" a chance. Aet's get a new !air of shoes. Oan 9 have a Oo$e, !leaseF 9s that a co"!uterF 6here's a !ublic tele!honeF [ts% #re<nt [you need% brea$ [g'v'"% chns [lets gedd% new !er% shoo) [c'nai h7v% kouk, !lee< [i<<7d% $'"#yoodr [wher<% !%blic tel%foun

*2f * ). 9t's the to! of the line. [ts% t:!'v th' line 1. 9t's a state of the art !rinter. [ts% stay d% thee(y):rt #rinner 2. As a "atter of fact, ... [<'"7dder% fkt 3. Eet out of here. [geddow d% hir 4. Rractice all of the ti"e. [#rkt's:ll'v th' ti"e 5. #oday's the first of Say. [t'day) th' frss d'v 6ay =. 6hat's the na"e of that "ovieF [w'ts th' nay "'v th7t mo%ie >. #hat's the best of allN [thts th' bess d'%ll B. so"e of the" [s/"%v%" )D. all of the" [ll%v%" )). "ost of the" [mosd%v%" )1. none of the" [n/n%v%" )2. any of the" [enny%v%" )3. the rest of the" [th' resd%v%" *7an, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. B. *Had, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. Tac$ had had enough. Bill had forgotten again. 6hat had he done to deserve itF 6e'd already seen it. 8e'd never been there. 8ad you ever had oneF 6here had he hidden itF Bob said he'd loo$ed into it. ['7$'d h7d' n'f [bil'd frga(t)n n% gen [w'd'dee d'nd'd' )r vit [weed:l reddy see nit [heed never bin there [h''ou(w)ever hdw'n [wer dee hidn&nit [b:b sedeed lQ$din tu(w)it Oan you s!ea$ .nglishF 9 can only do it on 6ednesday. A can o!ener can o!en cans. Oan 9 hel! youF Oan you do itF 6e can try it later. 9 ho!e you can sell it. Po one can fi/ it. Aet "e $now if you can find it. [$'new s!ee kinglish [:i $'nonly du(w)id:n wen<day [% kno!ener $'no!en kn) [$'n:i hel !iu [$'niu do(w)'t [we $'n try it layder [:i hou !iu $'n sell't [nou w'n $'n fick sit [le""e no(w)'few $'n fine dit

*8ould, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. *8as, ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =. >. *8hat, ). 6hat ti"e is itF 1. 6hat's u!F 2. 6hat's on your agendaF 3. 6hat do you "eanF 4. 6hat did you "eanF 5. 6hat did you do about itF =. 6hat too$ so longF >. 6hat do you thin$ of thisF B. 6hat did you do thenF )D. 9 don't $now what he wants. 9ome ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. So"e are better than others. [s&mr beddr th%n/ther< #here are so"e leftovers. [ther'r s'" lef dover< Aet's buy so"e ice crea". [let s!y s' mice cree" Oould we get so"e other onesF [$wee get s '"other w'n< #a$e so"e of "ine. [take s%"%v mine 6ould you li$e so"e "oreF [w' 'oo li$e s'more (or very casually) ['li$e smore =. ;o you have so"e iceF [dyQ h7v s%mice >. ;o you have so"e "iceF [dyQ h7v s%mice [w't tye "'<'t [w'ts&# [w'ts:nyr% $end% [w'd'y' mean [w'''mean [w''' du(w)%b7odit [w't t-k so l:ng [w'ddy% thing $'v this [w''iu do then [9 dont $now w%dee wnts 8e was only trying to hel!. [he w'<ounly trying d% hel! Sar$ was A"erican. [mr $w'<'mer'$'n 6here was itF [wer w&)'t 8ow was itF [h7ow'<'t #hat was greatN [th7t w'< great 6ho was with youF [hoow'< with you She was very clear. [she w'< very clear 6hen was the war of )>)1F [wen w'< th' wor&v ei(t)teen twel% 8e would have hel!ed, if ... 6ould he li$e oneF ;o you thin$ he'd do itF 6hy would 9 tell herF 6e'd see it again, if... 8e'd never be there on ti"e. 6ould you ever have oneF [he wuda hel# dif ... [woody lye $w'n [dyiu thing $eed du(w)'t [why wQd:i teller [weed see(y)id%gen, if... [heed never be ther:n ti"e [w''ou(w)ever h7vw'n

:hrasing State"ent Olauses Aisting Uuestion Re!eated Uuestion #ag Uuestion #ag State"ent 9ndirect S!eech ;irect S!eech

Dogs eat bones. Dogs eat bones, but cats eat fish, or As we all know, dogs eat bones. Dogs eat bones, kibbles, and meat. ;o dogs eat bonesF ;o dogs eat bonesFNN Dogs eat bones, don&t theyF Dogs eat bones, D2;&T theyN 8e as$ed if dogs ate bones. V;o dogs eat bonesFV he asked.

:ractice- 9ound <eduction Hello, my na"e'<WWWWWWWWWWWWW. 9'" ta$ing '"er'$'n 1cc'nt #rain'ng. #here<' lotX learn, b't 9 ho#e X "a$e 'X< 'n$oy'bl'< !oss'bl. 9 sh'd !'c$ &# on the '"er'$'n 'nXnash'n !attern !retty eas'ly, although the only way X get 't '< X #racXs all 'v th' ti"e. 9 use the &#'n down, or #eaks 'n valleys, 'nXnash'n "ore th'n 9 used to. 9ve b'n !ay'ng 'ttensh'n X #&ch= too. '#s li$e walk'ng downH staircase. 9ve b'n talk'ng to' lot 'v'mer'$'ns lately, 'n they tell "e th't 9" easier to 'nderstand. 1nyway, 9 $'d go on 'n on, b't the '"#or>nt th'ng '< X l&s'n wel'n sound g&d. 8&ll, wh' d'y' th&nkF Do 9F Tag Endings ;id heF DideeF ;oes heF Du<<yF 6as heF 8u<<yF 8as heF Ha<<yF 9s heF +)<yF 6ill heF 8illyF 6ould heF 8oodyF Oan heF 7annyF 6ouldn't youF 8ooden chewF Shouldn't 9F 9h-dn n:iF 6on't heF 8oe $neeF ;idn't heF Didn $neeF 8asn't heF Has a $neeF 6ouldn't heF 8ooden $neeF 9sn't heF +s a $neeF 9sn't itF +s a nitF ;oesn't itF Du)<a nitF Aren't 9F 1re n:iF 6on't youF 8one chewF ;on't youF Done chewF Oan't youF 7an chewF Oould youF 7-'ooF 6ould youF 8-'ooF

?+1+92;9 Rule for Aiaison Y Zowel[Zowel 6hen a word ending in a vowel sound is ne/t to one beginning with a vowel sound, they are connected with a glide between the two vowels. A glide is either a slight [y sound or a slight [w sound. T= D= 9= or @ A 5 T A 5 " 7H ). 6hat's your nameF 1. Oan't you do itF 2. 1ctually 3. ;on't you like itF 4. 8ouldn't youF 5. Ha%en't youF Po, not yet. =. 9'll let you know. >. Oan 9 get you a drinkF B. 6e thought you weren't coming. )D. 9'll bet you ten buc$s he forgot. )). 9s that your final answerF )1. natural )2. !er#etual )3. %irtual DA5"C ). ;id you see itF 1. 8ow did you like itF 2. Oould you tellF 3. 6here did you send your checkF 4. 6hat did your family thin$F 5. ;id you find your keysF =. 6e followed your instructions. >. OongratulationsN B. education )D. indi%idual )). graduation )1. gradual 9 A 5 " 9H ). 5es, you are. 1. 9nsurance 2. 0less youN 3. Rress your hands together. 4. Oan you dress yourselfF 5. @ou can !ass your e ams this year. =. 9'll try to guess your age. >. Aet hi" gas your car for you. [w%cher name [$7nt chew do(w)it [kBchully [dont chew lye $it [wooden chew [h%en chewF nou, n: chet [9'll letcha know [$'n:i getchew% drink [we th: chew wrnt k/ming [7l betcha ten bu/ee frgt [is thchr fin&ln sr [nchr%l [!er#ech%(w)%l [%rch%(w)%l [did'% see(y)it [h7o\'% lye $it [$Q'% tell [wIr'% sen'er check [w%'er fmlee thin$ [did'% fine 'er kee) [we fallow 'erin str/ction< [$'ngr7''lation< [ed'%Bcation [ind%%i'%(w)%l [gr7'%(w)ation [gr'%(w)%l [yeshu are [inshurance [blesshue [!ressure han) d'gethr [c 'new dreshier self [yu$'n !7sher eg)m) thisheer [7l tryd% geshierage [leddi" g7shier cr fr you

@ A 5 " @H ). 8ow's your familyF 1. 8ow was your tri#F 2. 6ho's your friendF 3. 6here's your momF 4. 6hen's your birthdayF 5. She says you're KD. =. 6ho does your hairF >. casual B. %isual

[h7o<hier fmlee [h7o]w%<hier tri# [hoo<hier frend [wIr<h'r mm [wIn<h'r brthday [she sI<hierou kay [hoo d%<hier h(r [k]<hy%(w)%l [%iB<hy%(w)%l

7olloEuial <eductions and ?iaisons ). 9 have got to go. 9've gotta go. 1. 9 have got a book. 9've gotta book. 2. ;o you want to danceF 6anna danceF 3. ;o you want a bananaF 6anna bananaF 4. Aet "e in. Ae""e in. 5. Aet "e go. Ae""e go. =. 9'll let you know. 9'll letcha know. >. ;id you do itF ;i'a do itF B. Pot yet. P: chet. )D. 9'll "eet you later. 9'll "eechu layder. )). 6hat do you thinkF 6haddyu thinkF )1. 6hat did you do with itF 6ha'oo do with itF )2. 8ow did you like itF 8ow'a like itF )3. 6hen did you get itF 6hen 'u gedditF )4. 6hy did you take itF 6hy'u tay $itF )5. 6hy don't you try itF 6hy don chu try itF )=. 6hat are you waiting forF 6haddya waitin' forF )>. 6hat are you doingF 6hatcha doin'F )B. 8ow is it goingF 8ow<it goingF 1D. 6here's the what*you*"ay*call*itF 6here's the whatcha"acallitF 1). 6here's what*is*his*na"eF 6here's whatsi<na"eF 11. 8ow about itF 8ow &bout itF 12. 8e has got to hurry because he is late. 8e's gotta hurry 'cu< he's late. 13. 9 could've been a contender. 9 coulda bina contender. 14. Oould you s!eed it u#, !leaseF Oould'oo s!ee di du#, !lee<F 15. 6ould you "ind if 9 tried itF 6ould 'oo "indifai try ditF 1=. Aren't you Bob 0arkerF Arnchoo Bab 0ar$erF 1>. Oan't you see it my way for a changeF ^7nchoo see it my way for a changeF

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1B. ;on't you get itF 2D. 9 should have told you. 2). #ell her (that) 9 miss her. 21. #ell hi" (that) 9 miss hi". 22. ;id you eatF 23. Po, did youF 24. 6hy don't you get a $obF 25. + don't $now, it&s too hard. 2=. Oould we goF 2>. Aet's goG

;oancha gedditF 9 shoulda tol'oo. #eller 9 misser. #elli" 9 missi". CeetF Po, $ooF 6hyncha getta $obF + dunno, stoo hrd. ^wee gouF 9koG

9tressed that th7t than th7n at 7t and 7nd have h7v had h7d can c7n

Hnstressed th't th%t th'n th%n 't %t 'n %n h'v h%v h'd h%d c'n c%n

8e said th't it's K^. 9t's bigger th'n before Aoo$ ' t the ti"eN ha" 'n eggs 6here h'v you beenF 8e h'd been at ho"e. O'n you do itF

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