Crowded Coasts Case Studies Coastalisation

Bournemouth. People move b/c of climate, accessibility, environment quality. Industries move b/c of accessibility, cheaper wages, graduates, cheaper land, land available Population has retirees and youth from university

Florida.75% live along coast Spain1.2% increase per year of people along coast since 2000

Impacts of tourism
Kimmeridge Bay Fossil collecting causes trampling and stone turning Removes fossils Limpet Protection Zone educates visitors on how to reduce impacts

Studland Baydanger to people, animals and plants Congestion Pollution Litter Trampling Noise from motors Water traffic

Conflict on the coast

Studland Beach.tourism vs. social/environment Land development ruins dunes Cliffs eroded by tourists walking Traffic congestion disturbs residents Boats damage marine ecosystems

Southampton Watersindustry vs. social/environment Good for industry as sheltered from storms, deep waters for boats, land nearby available Conflicts of oil refinery which gives income etc. but pollution Conflict of new housing as provides large amounts of sewage Conflict of popular sailing area but creates pollution, water traffic

Dibden Bay.economic vs. social/environment For development: Provide 300 jobs Increase economy

Improve transport

Against development: Cost 700 million Ruins views Traffic increase SSSI ruined

Pollution
Southampton Metal pollution especially tin very high levels Oil spills e.g. 1989- 800 birds effected, sand dunes, beaches Liquid waste ruins food webs Sewage discharge of 300 million litres a day

Environments at Risk
Southampton Salt Marshes (SSSI) Valuable for animal habitats, sea defence Ruined by refinery which reduces its size

Studland Beach Sand Dunes (SSSI) Habitat for animals and the heath is rare greenery Ruined by tourists trampling and land developments

Impact of Industry
Southampton Pollution Scenery ruined Natural land lost Increased traffic

Coastal Erosion
Holderness Fastest rate of erosion in Europe Over 2000 years, cliff retreated 4km Reasons for erosion: o Geology- boulder clay (soft) and chalk o Fetch- receives very strong waves due to current, pressure, deep sea floor o Longshore drift- lack of beach so cliff erodes more

Managing coastal erosion

Holderness Hard and Soft engineering techniques Hard: Soft: Beach nourishment at Hornsea Coastal zoning Managed retreat Wooden groynes at Hornsea Rock groynes at Mappleton Revetments at Easington Sea walls at Withernsea

Flood risks
Holdernesssea levels expected to rise by 30cm by 2050 Venicefloods 200 days of the year Thames Estuary Rising levels due to storms, sea levels rise, amplitude Risk of flooding increasing due to Thames Gateway as less surface run off Without Gateway, 1.25 million people at risk

Sustainable Management
Thames Estuarydeveloping but they want to protect the salt marshes and extend them as benefits nature and act as sea defence Abbot Farmthey retreated the line to create 84 hectares of farmland into salt marshes which benefits animals and acts as sea defence-may not be sustainable as could bring disadvantages for future people Integrated Coastal Management and Shoreline Management Planssustainable as deals with more than one place, but takes into consideration independent needs Holdernesshard engineering not as sustainable as soft engineering Kentretreating line is controversial and easy way out so not sustainable