European Migration EU Expansion 1995 Schengen Agreement removed most national borders within EU o Allowed easier movement of people

e and goods o Including low cost labour o UK didnt sign up After 2004- expansion of EU o UK allowed free migration (needed workers) Frontex is external border control agency designed to prevent illegal immigrants entering

Case Study: UK (Eastern European immigrants) Herefordshire has influx of Eastern European immigrants since 2004 (seasonal work in agric) Problems: o Discrimination and distrust from locals towards migrants o Variable skills level in area and language barrier issues o Higher rent due to increased interest and housing shortage o Poor access for migrants to healthcare and education o Pressure on A&E as migrants dont register with GPs Scotland also has increased immigration o Salmon processing has 30% migrant workforce

Case Study: Spain Population growing around 2% annually 2 million foreign owned properties in Spain (600,000 British) Foreign residents make up 9.3% of total population Young adults contribute to economy Mainly from Morocco and S.America (some old colonies of Spain) Migrants from EU for work, retirees: puts strain on resources in area, reduction of land o Retired have problems like isolated communities, cost of healthcare, lack of care Shrinking distance between UK and Spain due to cheap flights, internet

Governments need to manage migration to ensure them: Meet obligations in accepting asylum seekers Limit illegal immigration Match immigration to needs of economy and minimising brain drain Integrate migrants into society

UKs policy on migration: o o o Tough policy on asylum seekers accepting only genuine ones Point based system depending on skills, earning and education potential Worker migration scheme (WRS) allowing migrants from Eastern European EU states to fill low-skill, low-wage jobs

o o

Permanent residence only given after few years of residence and after a test UK business visas favour new investment and those with money and ideas.

Assess the extent to which the UKs immigration policy addresses the four points raised about managing migration (10) The UK addresses the four points on managing migration to quite a large extent, as they try to balance the cost and benefits of migrants and only allow in certain migrants. The UK has a tough policy on asylum seekers and tries to filter out the fake and genuine ones which means only the genuine ones are accepted, hence causing throughout the years a reduction of asylum seekers in the country. The UK addresses the point of limiting illegal immigration by working closely with other countries in the EU to try increase the opportunities for legal migration which will reduce illegal migration and to increase protection at borders to prevent illegal migrants entering. The UK has a point-based system for non-EU migrants allowing in mainly highly skilled individuals and skilled workers to fill in gaps in UK labour force. This means that the migrants entering are of benefit to the economy as they will pay taxes and develop the country as well as consuming products which will further boost the economy. Additionally, the UK favours business visas to those with money and ideas which can boost the economy as only those which will invest are allowed in. Of visa applications in 2006, 20% were refused, showing that the UK is selecting only certain individuals who can boost the economy which is the third point of managing migration; matching immigration to the needs of the economy. The last point raised is to integrate the immigrants into the host society which can been seen with ethnic supermarkets as well as areas like Chinatown which is like a home away from home for the Chinese. However there is still some discrimination and prejudice against some immigrants making the UK address the four points of managing migration to a large extent but not completely.