BY Divya(LE-101) Navya(127) Srima(148) Manjusha(141)

USES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. FEASIBILITY STUDY. ORIENTATION. DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES. STRUCTURAL PLANNING. BUILDING BYE-LAWS

1. MUNCIPAL RULES 2. IS CODE

S.P-16 456-2000

3. THEORY OF STRUCTURES-RAMAMTRUTHAM SRINIVASULU

4. LIMIT STATE (THEORY & DESIGNS)

 Independent and silent atmosphere. Possessions of shelter with security of tense also reduce personal and social tension.

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
GROUP-A GROUP-B GROUP-C GROUP-D GROUP-E GROUP-F GROUP-G GROUP-H GROUP-I : : : : : : : : : Residential Buildings Educational Buildings Institutional Buildings Assembly Buildings Business Buildings Mercantile Buildings Industrial Buildings Storage Buildings Hazardous Buildings

SUB DIVISION A-1

Lodging or rooming facilities One or two family private dwelling Dormitories

SUB DIVISION B-2

SUB DIVISION C-3

SUB DIVISION D-4 SUB DIVISION E-5

: :

Apartment houses (flats) Hotels

 Inconvenience or noisy. Fine hazards can take place or

not.
If not so, whether there is fire

protection equipment or not.

The area type of soil or

orientation should be considered.

 Cost of land.

Distance from the place of work

Ease of drainage Transport facilities

Wind velocity and direction

Longitudinal sectioning, cross sectioning, contour survey depending on the nature of work. Alignment of roads.
Estimate the cost of constructions. Exploration of soils.

Hydrological particulars. Availability of labour.

Approach of roads.

 Well experienced consult.

Authorities like MCH, local bodies etc.

Working plans and structural designs should be ready with owners deciding

a mason or starting the work. It always better to have a site engineer. Selection of materials should be cautions. Approximate cost of construction of the buildings.

AREAS OF PLOT Less than 200sq.m

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE BUILT UP AREA 60% with two storied structure

200sq.m to 500sq.m 500sq.m to 1000sq.m

More than 1000sq.m

50% of the site 40%of site

33.33% or 1/3 of site

SIZE OF ROOMS

STANDARD TYPE

ORDINARY TYPE

Drawing room Dining room Bed room

Kitchen room

4.2x4.8 to 5.4x7.2 to 187x24) 4.2x4.8 to 4.8x6m(14x16x20 4.2x4.8m(14x16)

3.0x3.0m(10x10) 3.0x3.0m(10x10) 2.5x3.0m(8x10) 1.8x2.5m(6x9)

(14.x16 4.2x4.8m(14x16) Combined drawing & dinning room 3.ox4.2.2m(10x14)

2.5x3.0m(8x10) 2.5x2.5m(8x8) ---------1.8x1.8m(6x6)

Store room
Dressing room Bath and water closet

Latrine
Bath verandah

------------------2.5x3m(8to 10)

1.2x1.8m(4x4)
1.2x1.8m(4x6) 1.8 to 2.5m(6to8)

Servant room
Height of main rooms Height of other rooms

3x6m(10x10)
3.6x4.8m(12x16) 3.0m(10)

---------3.6m(120 2.7 to 3.0m(9 to 10)

Solar heat

Wind direction Humidity

Rainfall Intensity

Site conditions Lighting Ventilation

This method uses the concept of stress as a measure of safety.

Classical elastic theory. Hooks law on the linear stress-strain.

The stress-strain diagram (HYDS) bars exhibit and almost continuous curvature without define in points.

The condition and the state at which structure becomes unfit are called the limit state.

The most important factor to be considered in limit state method of designing are as follows;
Limit state of collapse Limit state of serviceability

Flexibility Compression Shear & Torsion

Deflection
Cracking Vibration

LINE DIAGRAM

Spacing b/w two columns is governed by limitations on spans of supported beam. Controlling the deflection and cracking. Avoided inside a big hall as it mars the functional utility.
Reduce the beam moment.

 Width of column is required to keep not less than 225mm. At intersection of two walls at right angles, where 105mm side of column. 150mm thickness may become inadequate for the lowest storey columns carrying heavier loads.

L-shaped columns at corners.

T-shaped intersection of intermediate cross walls.

COLUMN POSITIONING

Fig : COLUMN

Welded-H-Beams-Columns-Girders in steel structure

RCC COLUMN BOX 250X250

LOADS ON COLUMS CORNER, INTERMADIATE, SIDE COLUMNS: Loads from Beams B1=WLeff /2 Total load from each floor= Load from four floors = Self-weight = Factored load = Total load =

DESIGN OF COLUMNS CORNER, INTERMEDIATE, SIDE COLUMNS: Size of column: Factored load : Section : PU/ (fck x b x D)

ECCENTRICITY: [L/500 + d/30] CALCULATE MOMENT DUE TO ECCENTRICITY: MU =PU x e AREA OF STEEL: Ast = 0.8 x b x D/ 100 DESIGN OF LATERAL TIES: The pitch of the lateral ties is the least of the following: Its lateral dimension of the column 16 x Effective cover =

Columns

Size in mm

Load in KN

C1
C2 C3 C4

230X230
230X230 230X230 230X230

452.275
668.861 678.948 855.440

C5
C6 C7

230X230
230X230 230X230

627.050
743.548 975.396

C8 C9
C10 C11

230X230 230X230
230X230 230X230

962.860 1222.188
961.808 521.050

C12
C13 C14 C15

230X230
230X230 230X230 230X230

732.684
729.964 922.756 685.82

II. POSITIONING OF BEAMS

SUPPORT CONDITION SLAB TYPE MAX. SPAN IN METERS CANTILEVER ONE WAY- TWO WAY 1.5 SIMPLY SUPPORTED ONE WAYTWO WAY 2.0 FIXED/CONTINUOUS ONE AY-TWO WAY 4.5 - 6.0

LOAD ON BEAMS Span: Assuming beam size- (230 x 330) Load calculations: Wall load Self-weight Slab load Triangular load= Wl/3 Total weight on beam = (Wall load + self-weight+ slab load)

THE LOADS OF BEAMS ARE

BEAM TYPE OF LOAD LOAD IN KN/M WALL LOAD IN KN/M 12 B1 B2 From S1 Triangular load From S2 Triangular load From S3 Triangular load From S4 Triangular load From S1 & S7 Triangular load From S2 & S6 Triangular load From S3 & S6 Triangular load From S4 & S5 Trapezoidal load From S7 Triangular load From S6 Triangular load From S6 Triangular load From S5 Trapezoid l From S7 Trapezoidal load From S1 Trapezoidal 6.82 SELFWEIGHT OF BEAM IN KN/M 1.89 TOTAL FACTORED LOAD IN KN/M 31.1 6.82 12 1.82 31.1

B3

7.06

12

1.89

31.5

B4

9.39

12

1.89

34.9

B5

13.88

5.97

1.89

32.61

B6

13.64

5.97

1.89

32.25

B7

14.12

5.97

1.89

32.97

B8

19.61

5.97

1.89

41.20

B9

7.06

12

1.89

31.5

B10

6.82

12

1.89

31.1

B11

7.06

12

1.89

31.5

B12 B13

10.22 8.28

12 12

1.89 1.89

36.2 33.26

B14

7.24

12

1.89

31.7

B15

B16

B17

B18

B19

B20

B21

B22

From S1 & S2 Trapezoidal load From S6 & S7 Trapezoidal load From S6 & S7 Trapezoidal load From S2 & S3 Trapezoidal load From S3 & S4 Trapezoidal load From S5 & S6 Triangular load From S5 Trapezoidal load From S4 Triangular load

14.48

5.97

1.89

33.51

16.23

5.97

1.89

36.14

15.99

5.97

1.89

35.8

14.51

5.97

1.89

33.55

14.56

5.97

1.89

33.62

16.38

5.97

1.89

36.36

7.85

12

1.89

32.61

6.82

12

1.89

31.1

FRAME ANALYSIS

MOMENTS AB = WL2/12 BC =WL2/12 DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

POINT MEMBER STIFFNESS TOTAL STIFNESS DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

CORRECTION AT B: Nature of moments = MOMENTS DUE TO FIXED END: Free end moments of AB = W1 L12/8

DESIGNING OF BEAM: MOMENTS: MU at left support = MU at mid support = MU at right support = Reinforcement at left, mid, right support: Calculate limiting moment of resistance =MU CHECK: MU < MU LIMIT AREA OF REINFORCEMENT: Ast Required = Ast Provided=

Steel beam

Beams and columns

Fig : Rcc Slab- Beam -Design

Slab on GROUND

DESIGN OF SLAB
SLAB S1: fck = 20N/mm2 , fy = 415N/mm2 i ) SPAN: ly/lx <2, Hence it is a TWO WAY SLAB. ii ) THICKNESS OF SLAB:Provide overall depth of slab is 130mm iii) EFFECTIVE SPAN: ly/lx<2 iv) LOAD CALCULATION:Assume b=1000mm2 Self weight of slab = b X D X unit weight of R.C.C. Live load = 2 KN/m2

Floor finish = 1 KN/m2 Total load W =6.25 KN/m2 Factor load = 1.5 X W
V ) BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES:TYPE OF PANEL: Two adjacent edges are discontinuous. NOTE: This slab corresponds case-4 of Table 26 of Is :456-2000 Bending moments co-efficient values are taken from IS : 456 2000.

(-)ve BM@ CONTINUOUS EDGE IN SHORT SPAN Mux(-)ve = x(-)ve x Wu lx2 (+)ve BM@ MID SPAN IN SHORT SPAN
Mux(+)ve = x(+)ve x Wu lx2

(-)ve BM@ CONTINUOUS EDGE IN LONGER DIRECTION Mux(-)ve = x(-)ve x Wu lx2

(+)ve BM@ MID SPAN IN LONGER DIRECTION

Mux(+)ve = x(+)ve x Wu lx2

FACTORED SHEAR FORCE:-

Vu = Wu l/2

VI) MINIMUM DEPTH REQUIRED:Mu limit = 0.138 fck bd2 Note:- [ equate Mux(-)ve to limit moment of Resistance] Mux(-)ve = 0.138 fck bd2 VII) REINFORCEMENT:(-)ve Reinforcement along in shorter direction at supports. Mux(-)ve = .87 fy Ast X d [1- fyAst/fckbd]

SLAB

TYPE OF SLAB Two way slab Two way slab

Lx in m

Ly in m

DEPTH D IN m 130

FACTORE Main Distribution D LOAD IN reinforceme reinforceme KN/m nt nt 9.375 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c

S1

3.163

3.385

S2

3.163

3.391

130

9.375

S3

Two way slab

Two way slab Two way slab Two way slab Two way slab

3.28

3.4

130

9.375

8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c

8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c

8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c

8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c 8mm dia. bars@300m m c/c

S4

3.415

5.295

130

9.375

S5

3.9

5.3

130

9.375

S6

3.9

6.43

130

9.375

S7

3.32

4.12

130

9.375

Types of foundation
Shallow foundations Deep foundations

Shallow foundations (sometimes called 'spread footings') include pads ('isolated footings'), strip footings and rafts. Deep foundations include piles, pile walls, diaphragm walls and caissons.

Shallow foundations Pad foundations Strip foundations Raft foundations

Pad foundations
Used to support an individual

point load such as that due to a structural column.

They may be circular, square or

rectangular.
Usually consist of a block or slab

of uniform thickness, but they may be stepped or haunched if they are required to spread the load from a heavy column.
Pad foundations are usually

shallow, but deep pad foundations can also be used.

Strip foundations
Strip foundations are used to support a line of loads, either due to a load-bearing wall, or if a line of columns need supporting where column positions are so close that individual pad foundations would be inappropriate.

Raft foundations
A raft foundation normally consists of a concrete slab which extends

over the entire loaded area.

It may be stiffened by ribs or beams incorporated into the foundation.
Raft foundations have the advantage of reducing differential

settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions.
They are often needed on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity

as they can spread the loads over a larger area.

Deep foundations

Piles

Types of pile Types of construction

Factors influencing choice

Pile groups

Piled foundations can be classified according to the type of pile (different structures to be supported, and different ground conditions, require different types of resistance) and the type of construction (different materials, structures and processes can be used).

Types of pile
End bearing piles
Friction piles Settlement reducing piles

Tension piles
Laterally loaded piles

Piles in fill

Piles are often used because adequate bearing capacity can not be found at shallow enough depths to support the structural loads. It is important to understand that piles get support from both end bearing and skin friction. The proportion of carrying capacity generated by either end bearing or skin friction depends on the soil conditions. Piles can be used to support various different types of structural loads.

Table 9 Minumum Width of Concrete or Masonry Footings (inches) 1 Load-Bearing Value of Soil (psf) 1,500 2,000 3,000
4,000

CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION 1-story 12 12 12 12

2-story
3-story

15
23

12
17

12
12

12
12

4-INCH BRICK VENEER OVER LIGHT FRAME OR 8-INCH HOLLOW CONCRETE MASONRY 1-story 2-story 3-story 12 21 32 12 16 24 12 12 16 12 12 12

8-INCH SOLID OR FULLY GROUTED MASONRY

1-story 2-story 3-story 16 29 42 12 21 32 12 14 21 12 12 16

source:Internationl Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings, Table R403.1 International Code Council (Falls Church, VA, 2003). 1 Where minimum footing width is 12", a single wythe of solid or fully grouted 12"nominal concrete masonry units is permitted to be used. psf = pounds per square foot

PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Living area. Sleeping area.

Service area.
Other area. Stair case.

 A square plan is cheaper than a rectangular plan.

The perimeter of walling for a square building may be 15% to 25% less than rectangular one having the same area.

S.NO.

TYPE OF PLOT

PLINTH AREA

1
2 3 4

A type of plot
B type of plot C type of plot D type of plot

1000sq.m
750sq.m 500sq.m 225sq.m

Plans shall consist of the following

Drawn to a scale not less than 8m+1cm(64=1). Drawings shall show the size of footings, walls, roof, slab beams etc. All plans shall be signed by the owner and by a qualified architect or engineer.
Specification giving kind and grade of materials and proportions etc., shall be accompany the application. If the construction is not started within the year of sanction renewal of the permit shall be required with a formal application.

 In the front shall be 3m (10ft)

Center of the street shall be 4.5m(15ft)

Sides shall be 1.5m(4.5ft)

Rear side by 4.5m(15ft)

 Maximum of 23cm(9) below a height of 4.3m (15ft)

Height sunshades may project up to a maximum width of 60cm(2ft). No projection of any sort is permissible on road

< 9m (30ft) in width having not foot paths.

 Total height of the building including all storeys shall not

be more than the width of front open space plus width of the road.
Maximum height shall be such that no part of the building

is cut by a plan drawn at 45 angle from opposite edges of the road.

 Opening directly to the externally air open verandah of total are

inclusive frames not less than 1/8th of the floor area excluding doors.
Doors and windows shall be not less than 1/4th floor area of the room.
Ventilators not less than two in numbers shall be provided with in

60cm(2ft) from the ceiling having minimum total area of 4% of the floor.
Minimum size of one ventilator shall be 0.28sq.m(3sq.ft) bath rooms

and water closets shall have windows having area not less than 19% of the floor area.

 Every latrine shall be connected to sewer if sewer line is with in 30m(100ft) of the site.

Pucca drain shall be provided leading the road side drains, to drain off the surface water. Bath and water closet shall have at least one wall open in the external air chulla or cooking hearth shall be provided with flue and chimney fort smoke to escape.

All the structures shall be so designed built and maintained that the stresses in the materials of construction shall not exceed the safe permissible stresses as laid down by Indian standards.

 Selected as square column footing and designed

Assuming safe bearing capacity or soil as 200KN/sq.mt. Any how choosing the limit state design depends on several factors like.

Economy Safety Architectural features More strength

Considering safety of structure we have designed the structure.

Considering economy can be designed for number of storeys.