Jeffrey Palermo (.

com) Managing Partner/CEO, Clear Measure

Home About Me Contact ASP. E! M"C # in Action Party $it% Palermo !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( )* July )++,

!%is is 'art (. 'art ). 'art -. 'art #. My fee. (rss).

/01e s'o2en se1eral times about a s'ecific ty'e of arc%itecture / call 3Onion Arc%itecture3. /01e foun. t%at it lea.s to more maintainable a''lications since it em'%asi4es se'aration of concerns t%roug%out t%e system. / must set t%e conte5t for t%e use of t%is arc%itecture before 'rocee.ing. !%is arc%itecture is not a''ro'riate for small $ebsites. /t is a''ro'riate for long6li1e. business a''lications as $ell as a''lications $it% com'le5 be%a1ior. /t em'%asi4es t%e use of interfaces for be%a1ior contracts, an. it forces t%e e5ternali4ation of infrastructure. !%e .iagram you see %ere is a re'resentation of tra.itional layere. arc%itecture. !%is is t%e basic arc%itecture / see most fre7uently use.. Eac% subse7uent layer .e'en.s on t%e layers beneat% it, an. t%en e1ery layer normally $ill .e'en. on some common infrastructure an. utility ser1ices. !%e big .ra$bac2 to t%is to'6.o$n layere. arc%itecture is t%e cou'ling t%at it creates. Eac% layer is cou'le. to t%e layers belo$ it, an. eac% layer is often cou'le. to 1arious infrastructure concerns. Ho$e1er, $it%out cou'ling, our systems $oul.n0t .o anyt%ing useful, but t%is arc%itecture creates unnecessary cou'ling.

!%e biggest offen.er (an. most common) is t%e cou'ling of 8/ an. business logic to .ata access. 9es, 8/ is cou'le. to .ata access $it% t%is a''roac%. !ransiti1e .e'en.encies are still .e'en.encies. !%e 8/ can0t function if business logic isn0t t%ere. :usiness logic can0t function if .ata access isn0t t%ere. /0m intentionally ignoring infrastructure %ere because t%is ty'ically 1aries from system to system. ;ata access c%anges fre7uently. Historically, t%e in.ustry %as mo.ifie. .ata access tec%ni7ues at least e1ery t%ree years< t%erefore, $e can count on nee.ing to mo.ify .ata access t%ree years from no$ for any %ealt%y, long6li1e. systems t%at0s mission6critical to t%e business. =e often .on0t 2ee' systems u'6to6.ate because it0s im'ossible to .o. /f cou'ling 're1ents easily u'gra.ing 'arts of t%e system, t%en t%e business %as no c%oice but to let t%e system fall be%in. into a state of .isre'air. !%is is %o$ legacy systems become stale, an. e1entually t%ey are re$ritten.

/ 'ro'ose a ne$ a''roac% to arc%itecture. Honestly, it0s not com'letely ne$, but /0m 'ro'osing it as a name., arc%itectural 'attern. Patterns are useful because it gi1es soft$are 'rofessionals a common 1ocabulary $it% $%ic% to communicate. !%ere are a lot of as'ects to t%e Onion Arc%itecture, an. if $e %a1e a common term to .escribe t%is a''roac%, $e can communicate more effecti1ely.

!%e .iagram to t%e left .e'icts t%e Onion Arc%itecture. !%e main 'remise is t%at it controls cou'ling. !%e fun.amental rule is t%at all co.e can .e'en. on layers more central, but co.e cannot .e'en. on layers furt%er out from t%e core. /n ot%er $or.s, all cou'ling is to$ar. t%e center. !%is arc%itecture is unas%ame.ly biase. to$ar. ob>ect6 oriente. 'rogramming, an. it 'uts ob>ects before all ot%ers.

/n t%e 1ery center $e see t%e ;omain Mo.el, $%ic% re'resents t%e state an. be%a1ior combination t%at mo.els trut% for t%e organi4ation. Aroun. t%e ;omain Mo.el are ot%er layers $it% more be%a1ior. !%e number of layers in t%e a''lication core $ill 1ary, but remember t%at t%e ;omain Mo.el is t%e 1ery center, an. since all cou'ling is to$ar. t%e center, t%e ;omain Mo.el is only cou'le. to itself. !%e first layer aroun. t%e ;omain Mo.el is ty'ically $%ere $e $oul. fin. interfaces t%at 'ro1i.e ob>ect sa1ing an. retrie1ing be%a1ior, calle. re'ository interfaces. !%e ob>ect sa1ing be%a1ior is not in t%e a''lication core, %o$e1er, because it ty'ically in1ol1es a .atabase. Only t%e interface is in t%e a''lication core. Out on t%e e.ges $e see 8/, /nfrastructure, an. !ests. !%e outer layer is reser1e. for t%ings t%at c%ange often. !%ese t%ings s%oul. be intentionally isolate. from t%e a''lication core. Out on t%e e.ge, $e $oul. fin. a class t%at im'lements a re'ository interface. !%is class is cou'le. to a 'articular met%o. of .ata access, an. t%at is $%y it resi.es outsi.e t%e a''lication core. !%is class im'lements t%e re'ository interface an. is t%ereby cou'le. to it.

!%e Onion Arc%itecture relies %ea1ily on t%e ;e'en.ency /n1ersion 'rinci'le. !%e a''lication core nee.s im'lementation of core interfaces, an. if t%ose im'lementing classes resi.e at t%e e.ges of t%e a''lication, $e nee. some mec%anism for in>ecting t%at co.e at runtime so t%e a''lication can .o somet%ing useful.

!%e .atabase is not t%e center. /t is e5ternal. E5ternali4ing t%e .atabase can be 7uite a c%ange for some 'eo'le use. to t%in2ing about a''lications as 3.atabase a''lications3. =it% Onion Arc%itecture, t%ere are no .atabase a''lications. !%ere are a''lications t%at mig%t use a .atabase as a storage ser1ice but only t%oug% some e5ternal infrastructure co.e t%at im'lements an interface $%ic% ma2es sense to t%e a''lication core. ;ecou'ling t%e a''lication from t%e .atabase, file system, etc, lo$ers t%e cost of maintenance for t%e life of t%e a''lication.

Alistair Coc2burn %as $ritten a bit about He5agonal arc%itecture. He5agonal arc%itecture an. Onion Arc%itecture s%are t%e follo$ing 'remise& E5ternali4e infrastructure an. $rite a.a'ter co.e so t%at t%e infrastructure .oes not become tig%tly cou'le..

/0ll be $riting more about t%e Onion Arc%itecture as a .efault a''roac% for buil.ing enter'rise a''lications. / $ill stay in t%e enter'rise system s'ace an. all .iscussion $ill resi.e in t%at conte5t. !%is gets e1en more interesting $%en t%ere are multi'le 'rocesses ma2ing u' a single soft$are system.

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!rac2bac2s !%e Onion Arc%itecture Poste. on B.)*.)++, at ,&@( AM 9ou01e been 2ic2e. (a goo. t%ing) 6 !rac2bac2 from ;ot etCic2s.com Onion Arc%itecture Poste. on B.)*.)++, at *&(@ AM Onion Arc%itecture Elegant Co.e D !%e Onion Arc%itecture Poste. on B.)*.)++, at ()&#) PM Pingbac2 from Elegant Co.e D !%e Onion Arc%itecture !%e /n7uisiti1e Co.er 6 ;a1y :rionEs :log D :log Arc%i1e D Onion Arc%itectureF Poste. on B.)*.)++, at )&)+ PM Pingbac2 from !%e /n7uisiti1e Co.er 6 ;a1y :rionEs :log D :log Arc%i1e D Onion Arc%itectureF !%e Onion Arc%itecture Poste. on B.-+.)++, at (&@+ AM !%e Onion Arc%itecture ?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(#B Poste. on B.-+.)++, at )&)B AM Pingbac2 from ?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(#B ;e$ ;ro' 6 July -+, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ Poste. on B.-+.)++, at B&+A AM Pingbac2 from ;e$ ;ro' 6 July -+, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) Poste. on B.-+.)++, at ,&(# AM /n 'art ( , / intro.uce. an arc%itectural 'attern t%at / %a1e name. 3Onion Arc%itecture3. !%e ob>ect6oriente. .esign conce'ts are not ne$, but /0m 'ulling toget%er a lot of tec%ni7ues an. con1entions into a single 'attern an. gi1ing it a name. My %o'e

So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part (/), Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Poste. on B.-(.)++, at ()&@- PM Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part (/), Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Kin2s of t%e =ee2 August ) )++, Poste. on ,.+(.)++, at ,&(+ PM Anot%er $ee2 of great resources for t%e . E! .e1elo'er to ta2e in. Ama4ing %o$ many are out t%ere. / =ee2ly Kin2s G() H LrantPalin.com Poste. on ,.+-.)++, at *&+B PM Pingbac2 from =ee2ly Kin2s G() H LrantPalin.com !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art - Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-# AM Part ( 6 Part ) 6 !%is is 'art - 6 My ?SS fee. /n my 're1ious installments, / .escribe. $%at %as become my a''roac% to .efining t%e arc%itecture for an a''lication. :ase. on fee.bac2, /01e mo.ifie. my .iagrams a bit to re.uce ambiguity an. em'%asi4e 2ey =ee2ly =eb uggets G)- Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-A AM Leneral !%e Onion Arc%itecture Part ( & Jeffrey Palermo 'ro'oses a ne$ arc%itectural 'attern t%at is base. on %o$ com'onents are cou'le. to eac% ot%er. !%e Onion Arc%itecture Part ) & Jeffrey Palermo continues %is 'resentation of t%e Onion Arc%itecture Ka ar7uitectura .e la cebolla Poste. on ,.+B.)++, at *&+) PM Pingbac2 from Ka ar7uitectura .e la cebolla Hibernate

So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e Poste. on ,.+,.)++, at @&-* PM Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering Poste. on ,.(@.)++, at (&#, PM !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering Arc%itecture $it% layers, acti1e recor.s, an. onions Poste. on ,.(A.)++, at )&-* PM /n t%e (**+s / co.e. on a fe$ systems $%ere t%e arc%itecture $as t%at $e attac%e. .atabase functionality !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 Poste. on ,.)A.)++, at ()&#- PM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 !ranslation !ester, 'art ( 6 !%e 'roblem J /Co.er Poste. on *.(+.)++, at @&+( PM Pingbac2 from !ranslation !ester, 'art ( 6 !%e 'roblem J /Co.er Arc%ite2tur ?oun.tri'' 6 Ein =oc%en6?e1ie$ Poste. on *.().)++, at @&-+ AM ac%.em ic% sc%on 1or einigen Monaten immer mal $ie.er et$as Ober ;;; ge%Prt un. gelesen %atte (meine =%y !est ;ri1en ;e1elo'ment is a Har. Sell Poste. on (+.+A.)++, at #&#( PM A Loo. Presentation !$o $ee2en.s / $ent to a San ;iego ;ot t%at feature. t$o 'resentations et 8ser Lrou' meeting Hibernate

=%y !est ;ri1en ;e1elo'ment is a Har. Sell Poste. on (+.+A.)++, at A&(- PM A Loo. Presentation !$o $ee2en.s / $ent to a San ;iego ;ot t%at feature. t$o 'resentations et 8ser Lrou' meeting

Co.e ;u'lication tool on Co.ePle5 Poste. on (+.(#.)++, at B&(@ AM Just c%atting yester.ay about 7uic2 $ins in co.e re1ie$s an. t%e sub>ect of .e6.u'ing co.e came u'. E1en Kogical not P%ysical, Me$ not Many, Just ;o /t Poste. on (+.)+.)++, at A&)( PM /n bot% my QG,))+<:etter ;omain ;ri1en ;esignQG,))(< an. QG,))+<=ant SOAF !%ro$ out your =eb Ser1icesRQG,))(< Co.e ;u'lication tool on Co.ePle5 Poste. on (+.)).)++, at #&)* AM Just c%atting yester.ay about 7uic2 $ins in co.e re1ie$s an. t%e sub>ect of .e6.u'ing

co.e came u'. E1en S%aronEs :log D Kayering Poste. on ((.+-.)++, at ((&-) PM Pingbac2 from S%aronEs :log D Kayering !%e Myt% of Self6Organi4ing !eams Poste. on ((.((.)++, at ,&)* AM A %ot to'ic in t%e agile $orl. is 3self6organi4ation3. !%e reaction against tig%t comman. an. control management structures %as s$aye. t%e 'en.ulum all t%e $ay o1er to c%aos. Mirst, / un.erstan. t%at e1ery team is .ifferent, an. my 1ie$s are tainte. by ;omain Mo.el ?e'ository RI ;;; Poste. on ().+@.)++, at (&)@ AM ;omain Mo.el ?e'ository RI ;;; My current arc%itecture Poste. on ().(+.)++, at ()&(@ PM Mor t%e si5 or se1en of you in t%e $orl. t%at actually rea. my blog, you01e notice. t%at i01e been 'retty... My current arc%itecture Poste. on ().(+.)++, at ()&@) PM Mor t%e si5 or se1en of you in t%e $orl. t%at actually rea. my blog, youQG-*<1e notice. t%at iQG-*<1e =ebsites tagge. 3onion3 on Postsa1er Poste. on ().-(.)++, at -&+) AM Pingbac2 from =ebsites tagge. 3onion3 on Postsa1er E5treme Ent%usiasm D :log Arc%i1e D !%e birt%.ay greetings 2ata Poste. on (.(-.)++* at *&(# AM Pingbac2 from E5treme Ent%usiasm D :log Arc%i1e D !%e birt%.ay greetings 2ata Comments Peter ?itc%ie sai. on B.)*.)++, at *&-- AM /0. argue t%at $%at you01e .escribe. as a tiere. arc%itecture isn0t a tiere. arc%itecture, if any an. all layers are accessing .ata .irectly. =%at you0re .escribing, alt%oug% 'ossibly common, is not a tiere. arc%itecture but an a''lication .e1oi. of any real arc%itecture. =%ic% is common< but .on0t call it a tiere. arc%itecture. A tra.itional tiere. arc%itecture isn0t about $%at0s cou'le. to $%at< its about $%at uses $%at. !%e ty'e of cou'ling bet$een tiers is com'letely ort%ogonal to t%e arc%itecture. One im'lemetnation coul. use .irect cou'ling, anot%er coul. as easily use in.irect cou'ling& you coul. use interface6.ri1en .esign an. ma2e access to SaS business logic layer accessible in one .irection from t%e 8/ layer, an. access to SaS .ata layer accessible in one .irectly from t%e :K layer. !%e im'lementation of eac% of t%ose layers

coul. easily be in>ecte. at run6time. A true tiere. arc%itecture s%oul. be roug%ly t%e same as your onion arc%itecture< e5ce't t%at t%e .ata layer is in t%e centre. !%e business logic layer $ra's t%e .ata layer, an. t%e 8/ layer $ra's t%e business logic layer an. t%ere is no infrastructure com'onent. =it% a layere. arc%itecture t%ere s%oul. al$ays only be one .irection of use/cou'ling bet$een layers (al$ays flo$ing .o$n, not u') i.e. cou'ling/use is al$ays to$ar.s t%e centre in tiere. as $ell, if you .iagram tiers as circles $it% lo$er layers closer to t%e centre. !%e .ifference / t%in2 is im'ortant is t%at t%e .omain layers %a1e no .e'en.ency $%atsoe1er on a .ata layer/interface. :illy McCafferty sai. on B.)*.)++, at (+&)( AM Peter, !%ere are many many $ays to arc%itect an a''lication< all of t%em $it% .iffering 'ros an. cons for ra'i.ity of .e1elo'ment, maintainability an. com'le5ity. Alt%oug% Jeffrey %as 'resente. %is layers as an onion, t%ey0re still se'arate. 6 un.er t%e co1ers 6 in an or.erly an. logically tiere. manner. !o see a $or2ing e5am'le of t%is, .o$nloa. t%e sam'le co.e foun. at %tt'&//$$$.co.e'le5.com/S%ar'Arc%itecture. !%is arc%itecture uses t%e .e'en.ency in1ersion (a2a 6 se'arate. interface), .escribe. by Jeffrey, to ma2e t%e .omain be t%e center of t%e a''lication $%ile e5ternali4ing t%e .ata access mo.el. !%is a''roac% is 1ery maintainable, greatly facilitates test6.ri1en .e1elo'ment, an. is toute. by many .emi6go.s of .e1elo'ment inclu.ing ?obert Martin in Agile Soft$are ;e1elo'ment an. Martin Mo$ler in Paterns of Enter'rise A''lication Arc%itecture. :ut $%en it comes .o$n to it, $e eac% nee. to .eci.e $%ic% arc%itecture is a''ro'riate for t%e tas2 at %an. $%en balancing maintainability an. com'le5ity. :rett :aggott sai. on B.)*.)++, at (+&)B AM Mor me, t%e main ta2ea$ay from t%is $as& 3!%is arc%itecture is unas%ame.ly biase. to$ar. ob>ect6oriente. 'rogramming, an. it 'uts ob>ects before all ot%ers.3 !%at ma.e it 3clic23 for me. E1en t%oug% / un.erstan. $%ere Peter is coming from, 3ob>ects before all ot%ers3 also %el'e. me to see t%at !ra.itional !ier is not t%e same as Onion Arc%itecture. Koo2ing for$ar. to more on t%is Jeffrey. Loo. stuff. Men.elt Siebenga sai. on B.)*.)++, at (+&-@ AM / sa$ a similar conce't on a tal2 about .omain .ri1en .esign some time ago. / t%in2 t%is came from a 'a'er by ?ob "ens. !%e arc%itecture $as .is'laye. as a sunflo$er $it% t%e .omain mo.el as t%e center an. all t%e infrastructure as ser1ices aroun. it connecte. to t%e .omain mo.el by a.a'ters or ser1ice interfaces. !%e 8/ $as seen as infrastructure too. /f / loo2 bac2 at most of t%e soft$are i01e $ritten most of t%e time t%is is t%e arc%itecture t%at %as some%o$ a''eare. in t%e en. e1en t%oug% $e trie. to t%in2 in tiers an. layers.

/0m not really sure if t%e a''lication ser1ices is a layer in t%e onion or if it0s a se'arate entity orc%estrating t%e $%ole. Most of t%e time t%e inner layers .on0t 2no$ about t%e outer layers e5ce't t%roug% interfaces. An. most of t%e time in my a''lications t%e a''lication ser1ices are t%e t%ing t%at bin. toget%er t%e .omain an. t%e outer layers. :ut t%at may be ba. .esign on my 'art &6) >'alermo sai. on B.)*.)++, at ((&(, AM NPeter, / am not s'ea2ing about tiers. /0m s'ecifically .iscussing layering. 9ou still %a1e 'lenty of o'tions for $%ic% co.e runs in eac% 'rocess (tiers), but t%is arc%itecture only a..resses layers, not tiers. / s'ecifically an. intentionally .on0t 'ut .ata at t%e center of t%e arc%itecture. !%e .atabase is an infrastructure ser1ice t%at t%e a''lication ma2es use of. !%e ob>ect mo.el is t%e center of t%e a''lication0s uni1erse. /0m also not .escribing or a.1ocating commonly6acce'te. layere. arc%itecture. /0m .e'arting from t%e mainstream an. 'ro'osing a ne$ arc%itectural a''roac%. ot ne$ in conce't, but ne$ as in 'attern name. Cen Ego4i sai. on B.)*.)++, at ()&@+ PM !rue stuff, $ell 'resente.. /0ll >ust a.. t%at at t%e %eart of t%e a''lication, t%ere isn0t necessarily SaS ;omain Mo.el, but 'ossible SsomeS ;omain Mo.els. !%e same a''lication can %a1e se1eral as'ects, or conte5ts, t%at mig%t be mo.elle. .ifferently. t%e cool stuff 6 all as'ects mig%t s%are t%e same storage mec%anism (i.e. ?;:MS tables), an. it $oul. fit 'erfectly in t%e ;omain6.ri1en Onion mo.elling of t%e system Jo%n Morales sai. on B.)*.)++, at (&@# PM Maybe in your 'art ) you coul. e5'lain $%y t%e tests s%oul. be in t%e e5ternal layer. Any c%ange to tests testing core s%oul. be a reflection of c%anging core. !%us if t%e tests c%ange, it0s eit%er a bug, or a business re7uirement c%ange. Mor t%e former / agree on e5ternal, but for t%e latter / nee. some con1incing. s%a$n sai. on B.)*.)++, at )&-, PM Jeffrey, =e01e been .iscussing t%is internally an. some 7uestions came u' about $%at you mean $%en you 'ut tests in t%e outer layer.

My inter'retation is t%at t%ose are integration tests an. are 'lace. t%ere to em'%asi4e t%at t%ey s%oul. only ta2e .e'en.encies against 3'ublic AP/s3 for testing, an. t%at it is im'lie. t%at eac% in.i1i.ual com'onent %as a suite of tests t%at ta2e .e'en.encies against not%ing else but t%at com'onent. /s t%is correctF !%an2s, S%a$n Peter ?itc%ie sai. on B.)*.)++, at -&-B PM Sorry, / t%re$ tier in t%ere $%en / meant layer. :ill, /0m not .is'uting t%at t%e onion arc%itecture t%at Jeff is .escribing is more agile an. scalable t%an t%e 3ot%er3 arc%itecture. /0m >ust saying t%e ot%er arc%itecture %e0s .escribing is not t%e recommen.e. 3layere.3 arc%itecture< one $%ere eac% layer 2no$s not%ing of t%e layer abo1e, eac% layer im'lements a s'ecific concern, an. no ot%er layers im'lement concerns t%at t%e ot%er layers are im'lementing. 9es, t%e onion arc%itecture is better t%an t%e 3ot%er3 arc%itecture< but t%at arc%itecture is .ysfunctional arc%itecture. E1en a correctly im'lemente. tra.itional t%ree6layer arc%itecture $oul. be better... >'alermo sai. on B.)*.)++, at -&#) PM NPeter, /0m com'letely o'en for fee.bac2 on t%e 3ot%er3 layere. arc%itecture. My intent is not to 'ut u' a stra$ man only to 2noc2 %im .o$n. Please a.1ise me %o$ / s%oul. re1ise t%e tra.itional .iagrams so t%at it is consistent $it% %o$ you see tra.itional layere. arc%itecture. Peter ?itc%ie sai. on B.)*.)++, at #&)* PM NJeff& t%ere0s t%ree6layer an. four6layer arc%itectures. :y intro.ucing 3/nfrastructure3 in a layere. arc%itecture it ma2es it soun. li2e four6layer< but you .escribe it more li2e t%ree6layer. Mour layer %as a true infrastructure layer t%at sits belo$ a .omain mo.el layer, $%ic% sits belo$ a an a''lication mo.el layer, $%ic% sites belo$ a 1ie$/8/ layer. A t%ree6tier arc%itecture %as t%e 8/, :K an. ;A layers $it% no infrastructure layer/com'onent. /f correctly im'lemente. eac% layer only 2no$s an. tal2s to t%e layer beneat% it (i.e. $it% four layer, t%e only layer t%at tal2s to infrastructure is t%e .omain layer). !ra.itionally t%ese are im'lemente. $it% .irect cou'ling bet$een layers< but t%e arc%itectures .efine usage not cou'ling66t%e cou'ling is an im'lementation .etail. A layer arc%itecture coul. easily be im'lemente. $it% t%e 8/ only 2no$ing about /:usinessKogic an. an /:usinessKogic im'lementation 2no$ing only of /;ataAccess66 $it% .ifferent im'lementations of t%ose interfaces being in>ecte. $%ere/$%en

a''ro'riate. =%ile t%is ty'e of im'lementation gi1es you all t%e t%e mo.ern testability features $e %o'e for (moc2ing, se'aration, etc.), t%is still essentially lea1es a cou'ling of t%e business logic layer (alt%oug% in.irect) to a .ata layer. (/MO, ba.) One of t%e benefits / t%in2 you0re you0re trying to 'romote $it% onion is t%at t%e .omain layers %a1e no cou'ling (neit%er .irect, nor in.irect) to a .ata6relate. im'lementation an. t%at t%at .ata6relate. im'lementation isn0t one of t%e layers. :ut, t%e $ay it0s .escribe. an. t%e $ay it0s .iagramme. ma2es it loo2 li2e t%ere0s >ust anot%er layer& infrastructure, t%at li1es at t%e same le1el as 8/. !obin Harris sai. on B.)*.)++, at @&(( PM / $is% / coul. communicate t%at clearly, nice 'ost &) ecromantici sai. on B.)*.)++, at *&## PM /t $oul. be nice if you ma.e a sim'le sam'le of t%is >ust to sim'lify t%e reasoning of your t%oug%ts. S%ailen Su2ul sai. on B.-+.)++, at (&)) AM ice 'ost t%at %as certainly s'ar2e. some goo. .ebates. / t%in2 t%at 'arts of t%e onion arc%itecture may %a1e been .iscusse. in Martin Mo$ler0s Enter'rise /ntegartion Patterns boo2 (t%oug% not s'ecifically calle. t%at) an. certainly, maintenability is a %uge 'lus, among ot%er t%ings. A . et .emo $oul. be a goo. ne5t ste' ... $ell .one ;a1e Karibee sai. on B.-+.)++, at *&-) AM / .on0t see .omain ser1ices as a layer. !%ey are a conce't e5'resse. insi.e t%e mo.el layer, along $it% entities. !%ey $ill often be 1erbs in t%e ubi7uitous language or .eal $it% a$2$ar. associations bet$een entities or batc%/set o'erations on entities or t%e nee. to ta2e .e'en.ency on, say, a re'ository or anot%er .omain ser1ice. !%ey are infrastructure free, but first class citi4ens in t%e mo.el. Lon4alo Sanc%e4 sai. on B.-+.)++, at *&@@ AM / feel t%is is a conse7uence of using ;SK on your a''lication. / .on0t see anyt%ing ne$ about t%e 3Onion Arc%itecture3 but rat%er a nice layout arc%itecture because ;SK. E1an sai. on B.-+.)++, at (+&+) AM Just M9/.. !%e 3Onion3 isn0t necessarily a ne$ 'attern name. /t0s been aroun. t%e bloc2 a time or t$o. stal.blogs'ot.com/.../onion6mo.el.%tm /f you inclu.e OS arc%itecture, t%ey also .escribe t%eir0s as an onion&

ou,++.oc.cal.era.com/.../T!%eT.esignTofT !%at being sai., / t%in2 t%e onion meta'%or is a great one for .escribing arc%itecture, an. t%is $as a great 'ost. &6) Ot%erPeter sai. on B.-+.)++, at ((&)# AM ;a1e, can entities .e'en. on .omain ser1icesF Lreg 9oung sai. on B.-+.)++, at ()&@- PM / $ill secon. Karibee %ere on t%e misun.erstan.ing of .omain ser1ices ... alt%oug% / t%in2 $%at is %a''ening %ere is t%at Jeffrey %as >ust ta2en a 'attern t%at is $i.ely un.erstoo. an. calle. somet%ing com'letely .ifferent by t%e same name. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on B.-(.)++, at B&(B AM N;a1e Karibee, 9ou %a1e a goo. argument. / s%oul. re1ise t%e .iagram. !%ere is a class of stateless ob>ects t%at $or2 on entities an. .omain ser1ices, but .on0t 7uite fit in t%e a''lication layer. Eit%er $ay, .omain6.ri1en .esign is a big to'ic in its o$n rig%t an. not meant to be co1ere. in .etail in t%is 'ost. Mabien :U4agu sai. on ,.(-.)++, at (+&+A AM Per%a's /0m $rong an. / re. too fast but it alrea.y e5ists. /t0s calle. ;;; (;omain ;ri1en ;esign) an. Eric E1ans is t%e fat%er of all 'atterns relate. to t%is a''roac% & $$$..omain.ri1en.esign.org Mi%ai sai. on ().+#.)++, at ,&)A AM !%e no1elty in t%is 'attern seems o1errate.. / t%in2 t%e no1el information %ere is t%at t%e .ata access 3layer3 really is not at t%e center. !%e .ecou'ling of layers %as long been a.1ocate. 66 ;AOs, business .elegates, 1alue ob>ects are some 'ro.ucts of t%is intent. !%e me.iators $ere al$ays su''ose. to be t%ere to materiali4e business ob>ects using t%e ;AOs. =%ere $e 'osition t%e com'onents, %o$ $e see t%ese com'onents as being layere., is $%at / t%in2 $as argue. %ere. / too .isagree t%at t%e first .iagram ca'tures t%e tra.itional layere. arc%itecture, if t%e tra.itional layere. arc%itecture is in fact our current i.eal of an arc%itecture. Mi%ai sai. on ().(@.)++, at *&#B AM On a .ifferent note, / t%in2 t%e 'attern is t%e 'ro.uct of t%e aut%or0s in.e'en.ent reali4ation t%at .ata sources coul. be treate. as ser1ices, t%eir o'erations ma''ing to stan.ar. ;AO o'erations 66 fin.All:yVVV, sa1e 66 ($e01e %a. a similar reali4ation .uring

brainstorming at my ol. $or2'lace an. /0m sure many %a1e felt it) an. t%us .eser1es cre.it for s'ea2ing u'. ?ea.ing aroun. on t%e layere. arc%itecture, t%ere0s a 2ey %ig%lig%t t%at a''ears to confirm Keon0s .iagram as rig%t on t%e s'ot& 3a layer uses t%e layer imme.iately belo$3 is t%e %ig%lig%t t%at sets a'art t%e onion arc%itecture (call it ;;; arc%itecture, etc.) from t%e layere. arc%itecture. / $on.er $%ere Mo$ler0s .e'en.ency in>ection stan.s an. %o$ it relates t%e t$o a''roac%es to eac% ot%er. / guess ;/ can go to su''ort eit%er a''roac%. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ().(@.)++, at (+&(* AM NMi%ai, !%an2s for t%e comment. / %a1e some more information on t%e Onion Arc%itecture for a 'art #. / %a1e to fin. some time to $rite it u'. / .on0t $ant to remain 'urely in conce'tual lan., an. / $ant to tal2 about more t%an 'rinci'les, so 'art # $ill %a1e more concrete im'lementation information in it. !%e 'rinci'les are broa., but im'lementation rules $oul. also be 1aluable if communicate.. Subscribe (?SS) ?SS Atom Subscribe by email Party $it% Palermo fee. Comments ?SS

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;e1elo'ers .ri1ing on ice My current 'referre. continuous integration buil. scri'tW'sa2e AliaSXK 6 t%e ne$ name in automate. .atabase c%ange management . et ?oc2s roa. tri'WAustin sto' Solution to Lo!oMeeting 1i.eo conferencing 7uality Onion Arc%itecture& Part # 6 After Mour 9ears Ho$ to configure SXK Ser1er )+() for remote net$or2 connections Lo!oMeeting $or2s greatWuntil you a.. 1i.eo conferencing Onion Arc%itecture for ;istribute. Systems at Austin Co.e Cam', )+(KetEs buil. some soft$are toget%er. /Em %iring senior .e1s Searc%

Po'ular Posts Plugge. in, not c%arging =in.o$s B solution !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( ASP. E! M"C an. t%e tem'late. 'artial 1ie$ (.eat% to ASCV) / am s'ea2ing at t%e Austin Clou. 8ser Lrou' on May )#, )+(( (!ues.ay) A..ing a secon. SS; to my Keno1o 9oga Q ,L: ?AM !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) /0ll get to your a''lication in a minute 6 Mirst, $e nee. to buil. t%e frame$or2 9ou s%oul. O! use ASP. E! M"C if. . . !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ;ebun2ing t%e .uct ta'e 'rogrammer Arc%i1es January )+(# (-) ;ecember )+(- (()

August )+(- ()) July )+(- (-) June )+(- ()) May )+(- (-) A'ril )+(- ()) Marc% )+(- ()) Mebruary )+(- (A) January )+(- (() Mebruary )+() (() o1ember )+(( (-) Ol.er stuff... :ac2 to !o' Co'yrig%t Y )++,6)+(- Jeffrey Palermo Z !%eme .esign by Ka2e Xuincy Me.ia, KKC, base. on a tem'late from Mree CSS !em'lates Z /cons by MAMMAMMAM. "ali. VH!MK Z "ali. CSS

Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Managing Partner/CEO, Clear Measure

Home About Me Contact ASP. E! M"C # in Action Party $it% Palermo !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) -+ July )++,

'art (. !%is is 'art ). 'art -. 'art #. My fee. (rss).

/n 'art (, / intro.uce. an arc%itectural 'attern t%at / %a1e name. 3Onion Arc%itecture3. !%e ob>ect6oriente. .esign conce'ts are not ne$, but /0m 'ulling toget%er a lot of tec%ni7ues an. con1entions into a single 'attern an. gi1ing it a name. My %o'e is t%at t%e in.ustry can use t%is name to communicate t%e arc%itectural a''roac% $%ere a''ro'riate.

Part )& Practical e5am'le&

Co.eCam'Ser1er uses t%e Onion Arc%itecture. /f you are loo2ing for a full, $or2ing a''lication as an e5am'le, 'lease %a1e a loo2. !%e 'ractical e5am'le / 'ut before you is ta2en .irectly from Co.eCam'Ser1er. /t is a narro$, 1ertical slice of an e5am'le. /0m 2ee'ing t%e sco'e small as to be .igestible. /0ll start $it% a .iagram so you can un.erstan. $%ere all t%e co.e resi.es $it%in t%e layers of t%e onion.

Co.eCam'Ser1er uses t%e ASP. E! M"C Mrame$or2, so S'ea2erController is 'art of t%e user interface. !%is controller is cou'le. to t%e ASP. E! M"C Mrame$or2, an. t%ere is no getting aroun. t%at. S'ea2erController .e'en.s on /Conference?e'ository an. /8serSession (an. /Cloc2, but $e0ll omit t%at). !%e controller only .e'en.s on interfaces, $%ic% are .efine. in t%e a''lication core. ?emember t%at all .e'en.encies are to$ar. t%e center.

!urn your attention to t%e Conference?e'ository an. 8serSession classes. otice t%at t%ey are in layers outsi.e of t%e a''lication core, an. t%ey .e'en. on t%e interfaces as $ell, so t%at t%ey can im'lement t%em. !%ese t$o classes eac% im'lement an interface closer to t%e center t%an itself. At runtime, our /n1ersion of Control container $ill loo2 at its registry an. construct t%e 'ro'er classes to satisfy t%e constructor .e'en.encies of S'ea2erController, $%ic% is t%e follo$ing&

'ublic S'ea2erController(/Conference?e'ository conference?e'ository, /8serSession userSession, /Cloc2 cloc2)

& base(userSession) [ Tconference?e'ository I conference?e'ository< Tcloc2 I cloc2< TuserSession I userSession< \ At runtime, t%e /oC container $ill resol1e t%e classes t%at im'lement interfaces an. 'ass t%em into t%e S'ea2erController constructor. At t%is 'oint in time, t%e S'ea2erController can .o its >ob.

:ase. on t%e rules of t%e Onion Arc%itecture, t%e S'ea2erController Tcoul.T use 8serSession .irectly since it0s in t%e same layer, but it cannot use Conference?e'ository .irectly. /t must rely on somet%ing e5ternal 'assing in an instance of /Conference?e'ository. !%is 'attern is use. t%roug%out, an. t%e /oC container ma2es t%is 'rocess seamless.

At t%e en. of t%is series, / 'lan on 'ublis%ing a full $or2ing system t%at a.%eres to t%e Onion Arc%itecture 'attern. !%e systems $e buil. for clients use t%is a''roac%, but /0m not at liberty to .iscuss t%at co.e, so / $ill craft a reference a''lication for t%ose of you $%o 'refer a concrete "isual Stu.io solution to .igest.

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!rac2bac2s !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste. on B.-+.)++, at ,&(, AM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) Poste. on B.-+.)++, at ,&@+ AM 9ou01e been 2ic2e. (a goo. t%ing) 6 !rac2bac2 from ;ot etCic2s.com ?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(#, Poste. on B.-(.)++, at )&-( AM

Pingbac2 from ?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(#, ;e$ ;ro' 6 July -(, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ Poste. on B.-(.)++, at *&-, AM Pingbac2 from ;e$ ;ro' 6 July -(, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part (/), Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Poste. on B.-(.)++, at ()&@- PM Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part (/), Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Kin2s of t%e =ee2 August ) )++, Poste. on ,.+(.)++, at ,&(+ PM Anot%er $ee2 of great resources for t%e . E! .e1elo'er to ta2e in. Ama4ing %o$ many are out t%ere. / =ee2ly Kin2s G() H LrantPalin.com Poste. on ,.+-.)++, at *&+B PM Pingbac2 from =ee2ly Kin2s G() H LrantPalin.com !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art - Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-# AM Part ( 6 Part ) 6 !%is is 'art - 6 My ?SS fee. /n my 're1ious installments, / .escribe. $%at %as become my a''roac% to .efining t%e arc%itecture for an a''lication. :ase. on fee.bac2, /01e mo.ifie. my .iagrams a bit to re.uce ambiguity an. em'%asi4e 2ey =ee2ly =eb uggets G)- Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-A AM Leneral !%e Onion Arc%itecture Part ( & Jeffrey Palermo 'ro'oses a ne$ arc%itectural 'attern t%at is base. on %o$ com'onents are cou'le. to eac% ot%er. !%e Onion Arc%itecture Part ) & Jeffrey Palermo continues %is 'resentation of t%e Onion Arc%itecture So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e Poste. on ,.+,.)++, at @&-* PM Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering Poste. on ,.(@.)++, at (&#, PM !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 Poste. on ,.)A.)++, at ()&#- PM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 Comments Hibernate Hibernate

!or2el sai. on B.-+.)++, at ,&@# AM Lreat 'ost again, / t%in2 $%at you are .oing is a 1ery goo. i.ea. !%e 'rinci'le of in1ersion of control can fun.amentally c%ange %o$ a''lications are layere., an. it is a goo. i.ea to %a1e a name for t%is arc%itectural 'attern. ;a1i. Carrillo sai. on B.-+.)++, at *&#- AM Co.ecam'Ser1er is not $or2ing for me Paul sai. on B.-+.)++, at ()&## PM !%an2s for ta2ing t%e time to fully e5'lain t%is arc%itecture. /0m loo2ing for$ar. to s%aring t%is $it% my co$or2ers to %el' t%em un.erstan. $%y / 'refer t%is arc%itecture Lreg 9oung sai. on B.-+.)++, at ()&#, PM OC /n .omain ser1ices you 'ut an e5am'le of on being 3/Conference?e'ository3 ... 'lease o% 'lease .on0t o1erloa. t%e conce't of $%at a .omain ser1ice is any more ... /t0s alrea.y .ifficult enoug% to e5'lain to someone $%ic% of t%e )) .efinitions actually a''ly. Ot%erPeter sai. on B.-+.)++, at )&-) PM Lreg, can entities .e'en. on .omain ser1icesF Ko1e /t... sai. on B.-(.)++, at A&@, AM So, t%is is e5actly %o$ / (try to) go about .esigning my a''lications. One 7uestion t%oug%& /n a $eb scenario, %o$ $oul. you go about %an.ling ?es'onse.?e.irectsF you can moc2 out /Htt'Conte5t, but... /.easF Jeffrey Palermo sai. on B.-(.)++, at B&@) AM NLreg, !%is 'ost isn0t meant to be about .omain6.ri1en .esign, an., li2e you mentione., t%ere are many .ifferent .efinitions. !%e in.ustry %asn0t been able to agree on t%e e5act .etails of a .efinition, so / .on0t 'resume to e5'ect t%at %ere. !%an2s for t%e comment. / really a''reciate your fee.bac2. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on B.-(.)++, at B&@A AM NKo1e /t, ?es'onse.?e.irects are a .etail of t%e 8/ you are using. a1igation is an a''lication conte5t. 9ou %a1e to assign t%e res'onsibility of na1igation some$%ere. /s is a conce't you .iscuss $it% your .omain e5'erts or is it t%ere >ust because you %a1e a $eb a''lication instea. of a console a''licationF / ty'ically %an.le it by %a1ing a /?e.irector interface in t%e 8/ layer, an. my 8/ controllers ma2e use of t%is interface.

?a> Moo.aley sai. on ,.+(.)++, at #&-- PM Koo2ing for$ar. to t%e ne5t installment. Many t%an2s Subscribe (?SS) ?SS Atom Subscribe by email Party $it% Palermo fee. Comments ?SS

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?ecent :log Entries ;e1elo'ers .ri1ing on ice My current 'referre. continuous integration buil. scri'tW'sa2e AliaSXK 6 t%e ne$ name in automate. .atabase c%ange management . et ?oc2s roa. tri'WAustin sto' Solution to Lo!oMeeting 1i.eo conferencing 7uality Onion Arc%itecture& Part # 6 After Mour 9ears Ho$ to configure SXK Ser1er )+() for remote net$or2 connections Lo!oMeeting $or2s greatWuntil you a.. 1i.eo conferencing Onion Arc%itecture for ;istribute. Systems at Austin Co.e Cam', )+(-

KetEs buil. some soft$are toget%er. /Em %iring senior .e1s Searc%

Po'ular Posts Plugge. in, not c%arging =in.o$s B solution !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( ASP. E! M"C an. t%e tem'late. 'artial 1ie$ (.eat% to ASCV) / am s'ea2ing at t%e Austin Clou. 8ser Lrou' on May )#, )+(( (!ues.ay) A..ing a secon. SS; to my Keno1o 9oga Q ,L: ?AM !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) /0ll get to your a''lication in a minute 6 Mirst, $e nee. to buil. t%e frame$or2 9ou s%oul. O! use ASP. E! M"C if. . . !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ;ebun2ing t%e .uct ta'e 'rogrammer Arc%i1es January )+(# (-) ;ecember )+(- (() August )+(- ()) July )+(- (-) June )+(- ()) May )+(- (-) A'ril )+(- ()) Marc% )+(- ()) Mebruary )+(- (A) January )+(- (() Mebruary )+() (()

o1ember )+(( (-) Ol.er stuff... :ac2 to !o' Co'yrig%t Y )++,6)+(- Jeffrey Palermo Z !%eme .esign by Ka2e Xuincy Me.ia, KKC, base. on a tem'late from Mree CSS !em'lates Z /cons by MAMMAMMAM. "ali. VH!MK Z "ali. CSS

Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Managing Partner/CEO, Clear Measure

Home About Me Contact ASP. E! M"C # in Action Party $it% Palermo !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art +# August )++,

Part ( 6 Part ) 6 !%is is 'art -. 'art #. 6 My ?SS fee.

/n my 're1ious installments, / .escribe. $%at %as become my a''roac% to .efining t%e arc%itecture for an a''lication. :ase. on fee.bac2, /01e mo.ifie. my .iagrams a bit to re.uce ambiguity an. em'%asi4e 2ey 'oints. !%e goal of 'art - of t%is series is to com'are an. contrast t%e Onion Arc%itecture $it% tra.itional layere. arc%itecture. / $ill flatten t%e Onion Arc%itecture to see $%at it loo2s li2e com'are. to tra.itional layere. arc%itecture, an. / $ill force t%e layere. arc%itecture into an onion. =%ereas t%e s%a'e can be eit%er, t%e structure of t%e actual a''lication is ra.ically .ifferent from $%at is commonly 2no$n an. acce'te.. /0ll .efine four tenets of Onion Arc%itecture at t%e en..

/ must stress again& / am not claiming any brea2t%roug%s in tec%nology or tec%ni7ue. / %a1e learne. from ot%er in.ustry t%oug%t lea.ers li2e Martin Mo$ler, =ar. Cunning%am, Cent :ec2, Mic%ael Meat%ers an. ot%ers (es'ecially t%ose /01e %a. t%e 'ri1ilege to $or2 $it% %ere in Austin, !V). /0m 'utting fort% t%e Onion Arc%itecture as an arc%itectural 'attern by $%ic% $e can communicate t%is ra.ically .ifferent arc%itectural a''roac%. ot 3ra.ically .ifferent as in ne$3. ;ifferent as in not mainstream.

Ket0s re1ie$. !ra.itional layere. arc%itecture can loo2 some$%at li2e t%e .iagram .e'icte. on t%e rig%t. Eac% layer communicates $it% t%e layer belo$ it. !%e 8/ tal2s to business logic, but it .oes not tal2 .irectly to .ata access, =CM, etc. !%e layering a''roac% .oes call out t%e nee. to 2ee' certain categories of co.e out of t%e 8/. !%e big .o$nfall is t%at business logic en.s u' cou'le. to infrastructure concerns. ;ata Access, //O, an. =eb Ser1ices are all infrastructure. /nfrastructure is any co.e t%at is a commo.ity an. .oes not gi1e your a''lication a com'etiti1e a.1antage. !%is co.e is most li2ely to c%ange fre7uently as t%e a''lication goes t%roug% years of maintenance. =eb ser1ices are still fairly ne$, an. t%e first 1ersion in . et, ASMV, is alrea.y .e'recate. in fa1or of =CM. =e can be assure. t%at =CM0s .ays are numbere. as $ell, so it is foolis% to tig%tly cou'le t%e business logic to =CM. ;ata access c%anges e1ery t$o years or so, so $e .efinitely .on0t $ant to be tig%tly cou'le. to it. Mor long6life, $e $oul. $ant our business logic to be in.e'en.ent of t%ese infrastructure concerns so t%at as infrastructure c%anges, t%e business logic .oesn0t %a1e to.

Ket0s re1ie$ Onion Arc%itecture. !%e ob>ect mo.el is in t%e center $it% su''orting business logic aroun. it. !%e .irection of cou'ling is to$ar. t%e center. !%e big .ifference is t%at any outer layer can .irectly call any inner layer. =it% tra.itionally layere. arc%itecture, a layer can only call t%e layer .irectly beneat% it. !%is is one of t%e 2ey 'oints t%at ma2es Onion Arc%itecture .ifferent from tra.itional layere. arc%itecture. /nfrastructure is 'us%e. out to t%e e.ges $%ere no business logic co.e cou'les to it. !%e co.e t%at interacts $it% t%e .atabase $ill im'lement interfaces in t%e a''lication core. !%e a''lication core is cou'le. to t%ose interfaces but not t%e actual .ata access co.e. /n t%is $ay, $e can c%ange co.e in any outer layer $it%out affecting t%e a''lication core. =e inclu.e tests because any long6li1e. a''lication nee.s tests. !ests sit at t%e outs2irts because t%e a''lication core .oesn0t cou'le to t%em, but t%e tests are cou'le. to t%e a''lication core. =e coul. also %a1e anot%er layer of tests aroun. t%e entire outsi.e $%en $e test t%e 8/ an. infrastructure co.e.

!%is a''roac% to a''lication arc%itecture ensures t%at t%e a''lication core .oesn0t %a1e to c%ange as& t%e 8/ c%anges, .ata access c%anges, $eb ser1ice an. messaging infrastructure c%anges, //O tec%ni7ues c%ange.

!o t%e rig%t, / %a1e create. a .iagram $%ic% attem'ts to s%o$ $%at Onion Arc%itecture $oul. loo2 li2e $%en re'resente. as a tra.itionally layere. arc%itecture. !%e big .ifference is t%at ;ata Access is a to' layer along $it% 8/, //O, etc. Anot%er 2ey .ifference is t%at t%e layers abo1e can use any layer beneat% t%em, not >ust t%e layer imme.iately beneat%. Also, business logic is cou'le. to t%e ob>ect mo.el but not to infrastructure.

!o t%e left %ere / %a1e attem'te. to re'resent tra.itionally layere. arc%itecture using concentric circles. / %a1e use. blac2 lines aroun. t%e layers to .enote t%at eac% outer layer only tal2s to t%e layer imme.iately to$ar. t%e center. !%e big 2ic2er %ere is t%at $e clearly see t%e a''lication is built aroun. .ata access an. ot%er infrastructure. :ecause t%e a''lication %as t%is cou'ling, $%en .ata access, $eb ser1ices, etc. c%ange, t%e business logic layer $ill %a1e to c%ange. !%e $orl. 1ie$ .ifference is %o$ to %an.le infrastructure. !ra.itional layere. arc%itecture cou'les .irectly to it. Onion Arc%itecture 'us%es it off to t%e si.e an. .efines abstractions (interfaces) to .e'en. on. !%en t%e infrastructure co.e also .e'en.s on t%ese abstractions (interfaces). ;e'en.ing on abstractions is an ol. 'rinci'le, but t%e Onion Arc%itecture 'uts t%at conce'ts rig%t u' front.

Cey tenets of Onion Arc%itecture&

!%e a''lication is built aroun. an in.e'en.ent ob>ect mo.el /nner layers .efine interfaces. Outer layers im'lement interfaces ;irection of cou'ling is to$ar. t%e center All a''lication core co.e can be com'ile. an. run se'arate from infrastructure

/ encourage you to use t%e term 3Onion Arc%itecture3 $%en s'ea2ing about arc%itectures t%at a.%ere to t%e abo1e four tenets. / belie1e t%at t%is a''roac% to arc%itecture lea.s to long6li1e. systems t%at are easy to maintain. Also, in my e5'erience, t%is arc%itecture yiel.s .i1i.en.s soon after a 'ro>ect starts since it ma2es t%e co.e a bree4e to c%ange.

Alt%oug% / .on0t call out an /oC container as a 2ey tenet, $%en using a mainstream language li2e Ja1a or CG, an /oC container ma2es t%e co.e fit toget%er 1ery easily. Some languages %a1e /oC features built6in, so t%is is not al$ays necessary. /f you are using CG, / %ig%ly recommen. using Castle =in.sor or StructureMa'.

?ea. More

#+ Comments

!rac2bac2s !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art - & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-# AM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art - & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-@ AM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at *&-A AM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Poste. on ,.+#.)++, at ()&-# PM Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) J HS/ ;e1elo'er :log Hibernate

?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(@( Poste. on ,.+@.)++, at )&)@ AM Pingbac2 from ?eflecti1e Pers'ecti1e 6 C%ris Alcoc2 D !%e Morning :re$ G(@( ;e$ ;ro' 6 August @, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ Poste. on ,.+@.)++, at ,&+, AM Pingbac2 from ;e$ ;ro' 6 August @, )++, H Al1in As%craft0s Morning ;e$ So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or Hibernate I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e Poste. on ,.+,.)++, at @&-* PM

Pingbac2 from So you $ant to learn Hibernate 6 Part +.@, Prere7uisites (or I Mari>uana. E!) H !%e Mrea2 Para.e =ee2ly =eb uggets G)# Poste. on ,.+,.)++, at ,&-- PM

Hibernate

Probably t%e biggest ne$s of t%e $ee2 is t%at SXK Ser1er )++, ?!M0. t%is $ee2, an. is alrea.y a1ailable on MS; . A $or. of $arning...if you %a1e "isual Stu.io )++, installe., you0re better off $aiting until Mon.ay $%en SP( for "isual Stu.io )++, s%i's =ee2ly Kin2s G(- H LrantPalin.com Poste. on ,.(+.)++, at ((&+# PM Pingbac2 from =ee2ly Kin2s G(- H LrantPalin.com !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering Poste. on ,.(@.)++, at (&#, PM !raining mo.ule 6 Kayering :oo2s an. bits D :log Arc%i1e D !%e Onion Arc%itecture an. a layere. a'roac% Poste. on ,.(A.)++, at ((&(A PM Pingbac2 from :oo2s an. bits D :log Arc%i1e D !%e Onion Arc%itecture an. a layere. a'roac% !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 Poste. on ,.)A.)++, at ()&#- PM Pingbac2 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture H ;e1 N =or2 ?e1isiting t%e onion Poste. on ,.-+.)++, at ,&(A PM /QG-*<m $or2ing on a c%a'ter on layering for t%e u'coming :ro$nfiel. boo2 , an. for better or for $orse ?e1isiting t%e onion Poste. on ,.-+.)++, at ,&@( PM /QG-*<m $or2ing on a c%a'ter on layering for t%e u'coming :ro$nfiel. boo2 , an. for better or for $orse Comments Jos% sai. on ,.+@.)++, at ()&+) AM 9our .iagram states t%at t%e business logic e5ists in t%e ser1ice class rat%er t%an t%e ob>ect mo.el. Kea1ing your ob>ect mo.el to be not%ing more t%an sim'le ;!Os $it% relations%i's. /t a''ears t%is is t%e case in t%e co.ecam'ser1er co.e. / li2e t%e general i.ea of t%is arc%itecture, an. / use one close to it myself. :ut, .oesn0t all t%e logic in ser1ices clearly smell li2e an anemic .omain mo.elF ref& martinfo$ler.com/.../Anemic;omainMo. Labriel Sc%en2er sai. on ,.+@.)++, at )&+, AM

congratulations& t%e 'ost series about t%e onion arc%itecture are 1ery 1ery $ell 'resente.. 9ou are able to e5'ress $it% some nice .iagrams an. $ell c%osen $or.s $%at are t%e essentials of ;;; in regar.s of 'ro.ucing reliable an. maintainable soft$are Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.+@.)++, at B&(( AM NJos%, :usiness logic is in t%e a''lication core. /t is .istribute. across t%e ob>ect mo.el an. ser1ice classes. ot all business logic can fit in t%e ob>ect mo.el, an. t%e general attem't is to 'us% t%e business logic as far to$ar. t%e center as it belongs. Co.eCam'Ser1er .oes not %a1e an anemic .omain mo.el. /t %as a''ro'riate logic in t%e ob>ect mo.el. Since t%ere aren0t many rules in Co.eCam'Ser1er, it0s 'retty easy to un.erstan.. Of course if you fin. some logic in a ser1ice class t%at %as a better fit in an entity, 'lease submit a 'atc%. :enny Mic%ielsen sai. on ,.+@.)++, at ()&)+ PM ice series, anot%er 1ery goo. container is S'ring. et %tt'&//$$$.s'ringframe$or2.net Lreg 9oung sai. on ,.+@.)++, at @&#- PM OC / $ill bite .. 3/0m 'utting fort% t%e Onion Arc%itecture as an arc%itectural 'attern by $%ic% $e can communicate t%is ra.ically .ifferent arc%itectural a''roac%. ot 3ra.ically .ifferent as in ne$3. ;ifferent as in not mainstream.3 =%y .on0t you >ust call it $%at t%e 'attern %as alrea.y been name.F /ts a He5agonal Arc%itecture as 'ut fort% by Alistair Coc2burn long ago %tt'&//alistair.coc2burn.us/in.e5.'%'/He5agonalTarc%itecture. / %a1e yet to see you .ifferentiate your 3onion arc%itecture 'attern3 from a %e5agonal arc%itecture in any $ay s%a'e or form. / mean if t%e goal is to communicate t%e benefits of t%e 'attern you %a1e .one yourself a .isser1ice by calling it your o$n name. Many of us alrea.y 2no$ t%is 'attern an. sim'ly by using its name you are communicating $it% us (isn0t t%at $%y $e use 'atterns in t%e first 'laceF) !%is smells to me li2e %o$ Microsoft 3rein1ente.3 AOP in t%e 'olicy in>ection bloc2 an. ga1e all of t%e same conce'ts ne$ names. ?esult, t%ere are tens of t%ousan.s of 'ages of literature 'eo'le $ill ne1er see on interce'tion strategies because t%ey are not calle. interce'tors. =%ile t%e creation of your o$n 'attern name may be goo. for your o$n 'ersonal interests, eit%er .istinguis% it from t%e e5isting 'atterns early or >ust use t%e original

'attern names an. become a su''orter of t%em so 'eo'le can get more information . C%eers, Lreg Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.+@.)++, at B&+A PM NLreg, / reference. Coc2burn0s He5agonal Arc%itecture in Part (. / am 1ery familiar $it% it. !%e 'orts an. a.a'ters conce't base. on interfaces is similar, but He5agonal .oesn0t a..ress %o$ t%e a''lication is structure.. /t only a..resses %o$ e5ternal .e'en.encies connect $it% t%e a''lication. Onion Arc%itecture is muc% more s'ecific t%an He5agonal e1en t%oug% it s%ares interfaces $it% .e'en.encies. 8ltimately, if t%is 'attern isn0t useful or is a .irect .u'licate, it $ill sort itself out. :efore 'art (, / researc%e. 'atterns, an. He5agonal $as t%e closest / foun., but it only s%are. one as'ect< .efinitely not $%at / $as loo2ing to communicate. / $ill ta2e your a.1ice an. $rite anot%er 'iece to 'oint out t%e commonality $it% He5agonal as $ell as call out an. .escribe t%e tenets $%ic% ma2e Onion Arc%itecture uni7ue. Again, t%ese conce'ts are $i.ely use. in t%e Alt. et circle, but u' to t%is 'oint, t%ere %asn0t been an arc%itectural 'attern t%at %as 'ulle. it all toget%er. / belie1e you %a1e 'ulle. it all toget%er in your 'ro>ects, but t%e .ialog %as been $anting for a name to .escribe t%e $%ole. /01e been getting lots of fee.bac2 about t%e .escri'tion %el'ing fol2s. My blog comment form is getting 7uite t%e $or2out by fol2s $riting in about %o$ t%ey $ere struggling to un.erstan. t%ese conce'ts an. t%at t%e Onion Arc%itecture %as %el'e. t%em close t%e loo'. James !aylor sai. on ,.+@.)++, at B&(@ PM /nteresting arc%itecture. ;o you see t%e business logic being $ritten 'roce.urally or manage. in a more .eclarati1e fas%ionF /t seems to me t%at t%e ability to manage business logic com'onents (business rules) in a .eclarati1e $ay t%at $as accessible to business/.omain e5'erts $oul. be 2ey in t%is 2in. of a''roac%. J! James !aylor Aut%or, $it% eil ?a.en, of Smart (Enoug%) Systems

Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.+@.)++, at B&)# PM NJames, !%e business logic can be 'roce.urally $ritten insi.e a met%o., but t%is is ultimately an ob>ect6oriente. arc%itecture, an. business logic is s'rea. across t%e ob>ect mo.el as $ell as ser1ice classes $%ose be%a1ior is .efine. by interfaces. /f you a''lication nee.s to e5ternali4e business rules, t%at0s fine. !%is arc%itecture $oul. call for an interface in t%e a''lication core by $%ic% to rea. in t%e business rules, $%ic% / 'resume $oul. be store. in some me.ium su''orte. by e5ternali4e. infrastructure, li2e VMK files or .atabase tables. !%is arc%itecture .oesn0t s'ea2 to $%at features $oul. be su''orte.. /t s'ea2s to .irection of cou'ling, an internal ob>ect mo.el, an. internal interfaces im'lemente. by e5ternal co.e. Scott :ell$are sai. on ,.+@.)++, at ,&-) PM Jeff, ] Again, t%ese conce'ts are $i.ely use. in t%e Alt. et circle, but ] u' to t%is 'oint, t%ere %asn0t been an arc%itectural 'attern t%at ] %as 'ulle. it all toget%er. / t%in2 t%e larger issue %ere is an e1er more common 'attern of self6aggran.i4ement. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.+A.)++, at (+&@, AM NScott :ell$are, not sure / follo$ you. Lreg 9oung sai. on ,.+A.)++, at ()&#, PM NJeff loo2ing for$ar. to t%e 'ost :ret =illiams sai. on ,.+A.)++, at )&#A PM Hey Jeff.../01e been follo$ing your Onion 'osts $it% muc% interest. Can you tell us in more .etail $%y it is im'ortant to ma2e t%e ;ata Access layer e5ternalF /s it so t%at you can %a1e fle5ibility to 'lug in anot%er 'ro1i.er if nee. beF /n most large $eb site t%e .ata access layer is integral to entire .esign an. creating in.irection layers to access it becomes an aca.emic e5ercise. Lreat >ob on t%e articles by t%e $ayR Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.+B.)++, at A&@- AM N:ret,

!%e .ata access layer is still a 'art of t%e a''lication, but it is outsi.e t%e a''lication core. ;ata Access is not business logic. /t is interacting $it% a .ata storage ser1ice calle. a .atabase. !%e .atabase is commo.ity infrastructure t%at c%anges fre7uently (e1er -6@ years), an. our a''lication nee. not be cou'le. to t%is instability. S%a.i Marei sai. on ,.(-.)++, at @&)# AM Ho$ t%is is .ifferent t%an t%e # layers a''roac% e5'laine. in E1an0s boo2F (i.e. 8/ / A''lication / ;omain / /nfra). Jos% !o$ers sai. on ,.(-.)++, at #&#( PM Lreat 'osts...my only com'laint is t%e actual name 3Onion Arc%itecture.3 /t seems to me t%at t%e name s%oul. some%o$ con1ey t%e most im'ortant 'art of t%e arc%itecture& t%at t%e .omain %as no e5ternal .e'en.encies. !%e name 3Onion Arc%itecture3 in no $ay con1eys t%e im'ortance of t%e .omain. /t sim'ly 'uts t%e focus on t%e fact t%at t%ere are many layers...$%ic% coul. be $i.ely misuse. an. abuse. by anyone $%o %as an arc%itecture $it% layers. ;o you really $ant to 'ic2 a name t%at can be t%ro$n aroun. as easily as 3Agile3F &) Joe Muture sai. on ,.(*.)++, at *&+A AM As a soft$are tester, /0. lo1e to %ear any a.1ice you %a1e on 'us%ing an /oC mo.el $it% your .e1elo'ers. !%e imme.iate reaction / got $as along t%e lines of 3you %a1e to $rite so muc% more co.e, it0s not $ort% it3. !%is is a 1ery s%ort6sig%te. 1ie$, of course. =%en you consi.er t%e im'act to testability (an. stability), maintenance, etc., is t%is truly c%ea'erF ;o you %a1e any %ar. .ata $e can use to %el' sell t%e 'ara.igmF $eb .esign com'any sai. on ,.)B.)++, at ((&+- PM /f you can com'letely s'lit your business logic from your ob>ect mo.el t%en your ob>ect mo.el is rubbis%. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on ,.),.)++, at ,&+( AM N$eb .esign com'any, Please 'ost your name in t%e future. ?egar.ing your comment, / com'letely agree. !%e ob>ect mo.el s%oul. enforce muc% of your business logic. :ore2 sai. on *.+@.)++, at #&)B AM Similarly to ot%er 'eo'le $%o alrea.y commente. %ere, / .on0t un.erstan. %o$ t%e onion arc%itecture is .ifferent from a layere. arc%itecture $it% re'ositories 6 you %a1e nice structure an. no .irect .e'en.encies on t%e .ata access layer. /n fact, / %a. e5amine. t%e Co.eCam'Ser1er before / rea. t%ese articles an. / t%oug%t it $as 7uite a nice e5am'le of t%e layere. arc%itecture &)

!%erefore, if t%ere isn0t muc% .ifference bet$een onion an. layers $it% re'ositories, / t%in2 t%e 'ro'ose. ne$ 'attern is >ust going to be confusing. /f you are going to tac2le t%ese concerns in your ne5t 'ost about onion, /0ll be loo2ing for$ar. to it. =a.e ; sai. on *.)@.)++, at B&-- PM Jeff, / 2no$ you0re an nHibernate user so you recommen. =in.sor or StructureMa' o1er S'ring. etF Jeffrey Palermo sai. on *.)@.)++, at *&-+ PM N=a.e, /0. recommen. any of t%e - /oC containers you liste.. /oC containers are commo.ities t%ese .ays, an. regar.less of t%e one you c%oose, /0. recommen. 2ee'ing your co.e infrastructure6ignorant. ;on0t tie your co.e to any /oC container or any ot%er infrastructure. Also, /oC 1ie$s are unrelate. to Hibernate usage. C%ris sai. on (+.+).)++, at -&+- PM 9ou can tell you really 'ut effort into t%is t%ir. 'art, great >ob, an. t%an2s for ta2ing t%e time to ans$er e1eryone0s com'laints an. 7uestions. /f anyt%ing, /1e got a more a''licable un.erstan.ing of /oC. / li2e t%e i.ea of t%is arc%itecture, it 'uts t%e business mo.el rig%t at t%e Sbull0s eyeS of t%e arc%itecture, instea. of %a1ing t%e business c%ase after t%e infrastructure. =a.e sai. on (+.(#.)++, at ((&+( AM Jeff, ;oes t%is arc%itecture se'arate ;AO from $eb an. core 'ro>ectsF Ho$ t%en $oul. .ata access be ac%ie1e.F ?an.y Clingel%eber sai. on (+.)*.)++, at )&-* AM !%an2 you for t%is article. /t is 1ery %el'ful as / in1estigate a future arc%itecture for my current 'ro>ect. / am curious about t%is .esign, but am %a1ing trouble $it% t%e se'aration of .ata an. be%a1ior. /t a''ears t%at t%e a''lication ser1ice layer %ouses t%e be%a1ior of t%e a''lication an. t%at t%e .ata it o'erates on li1es se'arately in t%e center (t%e ob>ect mo.el). / sa$ in your e5'lanation to Jos% t%at t%e res'onsibilities are .istribute. t%roug%out t%e a''lication core $%ic% / t%in2 / un.erstan. an. li2e. Ho$e1er, in t%e en., .oesn0t t%e 8/ en. u' $or2ing $it% an almost 'ure .ata ob>ect an. anot%er ob>ect t%at $ill act on it (an a''lication ser1ice)F /t seems li2e t%is is a

se'aration of .ata an. it0s be%a1ior. Coul. you 'lease %el' me an. 'ossibly ot%ers un.erstan. %o$ enca'sulation is not bro2en in t%is arc%itectureF Or is it t%at it0s OC to brea2 enca'sulation to ac%ie1e small singly res'onsible ob>ectsF Or, is t%ere anot%er layer t%at combines t%e ob>ect mo.el $it% t%e a''lication ser1ices to loo2 li2e a ric% ob>ectF Many t%an2s. Jeffrey Palermo sai. on (+.)*.)++, at B&(# AM N?an.y, !%e center of t%e core is t%e .omain mo.el. ?efer to Eric E1an0s ;;; boo2 for %o$ to ensure your .omain ob>ects are ric% $it% be%a1ior an. not >ust .ata. !%e ob>ect mo.el at t%e center is meant to be ric% $it% be%a1ior t%at surroun.s an. enca'sulates t%e .ata. ?a1i sai. on ((.),.)++, at (&+, AM ot sure if t%is is arc%itecture is any .ifferent from t%e tra.itional layere. arc%itecture. !%e .ri1ing force be%in. t%e Onion arc%itecture, as / un.erstan., is for t%e business logic/ob>ect .omain to not .e'en. on t%e infrastructure for e5..ataaccess. =e nee. to clarify $%at 3.e'en.3 means. !%e .e'en.ency t%at $e are tal2ing about in Onion arc%itecture is 3$%ere .oes t%e interface .efinitions resi.e t%at outer layers nee. to im'lement3 $%ereas t%e .e'en.ency in t%e tra.itional layere. arc%itecture is 3$%at .oes it ta2e to ma2e t%e a''lication run3. So if / .efine an. %ost all t%e interfaces for my system in t%e business layer t%en $%at is t%e .ifference bet$een t%e ) arc%itectures since e1en in Onion arc%itecture you still nee. your infra ser1ices (.ataaccess) to be u' an. running for your system to $or2F Ob1iously in any arc%itecture t%e business logic .oes .e'en. on t%e .ataaccess layer to get an. 'ut .ata (no brainer). Xuestion is %o$ is .e'en.ecy ac%ie1e.F O2, one sim'le $ay is to .efine an interface for .ataaccess an. co.e against t%e interface in t%e business layer, a logical 'lace to %ouse t%e interface $oul. be in t%e business layer assembly or a se'arate assembly. o$ t%e .ataaccess im'lements t%e interface. !ommorro$ t%e .atabase tec%nology c%anges / $oul. sim'ly create anot%er im'lementation of t%e interface an. allo$ t%e business layer to use it using /OC (Anot%er big %ue an. cry about t%e coolness of /OC..$%y ma2e it a .esign 'attern instea. sim'ly call it a cool ti'...ne1ermin. t%ats >ust me.... $%ere instea. of %ar.co.ing t%e reference to t%e .ataccess assembly in t%e business layer you mo1e it to a config file..%o$ many times %a1ent you sa1e. stuff t%at coul. 'otenially c%ange in t%e future in a config fileF).

=it% reference to your e5am'le $%ere you %a1e t%e business layer .e'en.ing on .ataaccess, $cf an. //O.../ $oul. ma2e t%e business layer .e'en. (1ia interface) on t%e .ataaccess layer only an. .elegate to t%e .ataaccess layer %o$ it communicates to t%e rest of t%e $orl. to get t%e 3.ata3 say 1ia .atabase, $cf, i/o, ba'i etc, so if $cf c%anges tommorro$ business layer .oesnt nee. to c%ange. So far / %a1e stuc2 to t%e tra.itional layer arc%itecture (in min. atleast) $it%out %a1ing to use anyt%ing from t%e Onion arc%itecture. !%e ot%er tenet t%at is mentione. abo1e is 3All a''lication core co.e can be com'ile. an. run se'arate from infrastructure3. So if / as2 t%e 7uestion, in t%e tra.itional layere. a''roac% can t%e a''lication run $it%out t%e .ataacess layer ans$er is no'e. Again, in t%e onion arc%itecture a''roac% can t%e a''lication run $it%out t%e .ataacess layer ans$er is no'e. Ho$ are you going to run an a''lication $it%out t%e %el' of t%e infra (.atabase). Accor.ing to EHe5agonal Arc%itectureEE ma2e use of a moc2 .atabase...in a com'le5 system $%ere / .e'en. on .ata from mutil'le .atasources (E?P, %ome gro$n logisitic system, file 6 cs1 an. te5t files, multi'le s7l .atabases) / am not clear %o$ a moc2 .atabase is a''licable. / cant 'otenially create a moc2 .atabase $%ic% aggregates all my .atasources so t%at / can run my tests against t%e business layer $it%out %a1ing my .ataaccess layer 3u' an. running3. As long as $e ma2e sure t%at t%e business logic .oes not see' into ot%er layers is t%ere a .ifference bet$een t%e ) arc%itecturesF Subscribe (?SS) ?SS Atom Subscribe by email Party $it% Palermo fee. Comments ?SS

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Clear Measure "ie$ Jeffrey Palermo0s 'rofile on Kin2e./n

?ecent :log Entries ;e1elo'ers .ri1ing on ice My current 'referre. continuous integration buil. scri'tW'sa2e AliaSXK 6 t%e ne$ name in automate. .atabase c%ange management . et ?oc2s roa. tri'WAustin sto' Solution to Lo!oMeeting 1i.eo conferencing 7uality Onion Arc%itecture& Part # 6 After Mour 9ears Ho$ to configure SXK Ser1er )+() for remote net$or2 connections Lo!oMeeting $or2s greatWuntil you a.. 1i.eo conferencing Onion Arc%itecture for ;istribute. Systems at Austin Co.e Cam', )+(KetEs buil. some soft$are toget%er. /Em %iring senior .e1s Searc%

Po'ular Posts Plugge. in, not c%arging =in.o$s B solution !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ( ASP. E! M"C an. t%e tem'late. 'artial 1ie$ (.eat% to ASCV) / am s'ea2ing at t%e Austin Clou. 8ser Lrou' on May )#, )+(( (!ues.ay) A..ing a secon. SS; to my Keno1o 9oga Q ,L: ?AM !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ) /0ll get to your a''lication in a minute 6 Mirst, $e nee. to buil. t%e frame$or2 9ou s%oul. O! use ASP. E! M"C if. . .

!%e Onion Arc%itecture & 'art ;ebun2ing t%e .uct ta'e 'rogrammer Arc%i1es January )+(# (-) ;ecember )+(- (() August )+(- ()) July )+(- (-) June )+(- ()) May )+(- (-) A'ril )+(- ()) Marc% )+(- ()) Mebruary )+(- (A) January )+(- (() Mebruary )+() (() o1ember )+(( (-) Ol.er stuff... :ac2 to !o' Co'yrig%t Y )++,6)+(- Jeffrey Palermo Z !%eme .esign by Ka2e Xuincy Me.ia, KKC, base. on a tem'late from Mree CSS !em'lates Z /cons by MAMMAMMAM. "ali. VH!MK Z "ali. CSS

Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Managing Partner/CEO, Clear Measure

Home About Me Contact ASP. E! M"C # in Action Party $it% Palermo Onion Arc%itecture& Part # ' After (our )ears *+ August ,-*.

/n ,--0, / coine1 a ne$ 2attern name calle1 Onion Arc%itecture. )ou can rea1 t%e 2re3ious 2arts %ere& 2art *, 2art ,, 2art .. O3er t%ese four years, /43e s2o5en about t%is 2attern at user grou2s, conferences, an1 it4s e3en 2ublis%e1 in one of t%e c%a2ters of ASP. E! M"C in Action from Manning.

/43e been o3er$%elme1 by t%e traction t%is 2attern name %as en6oye1. (ol5s from all o3er t%e country %a3e $ritten about an1 %a3e tal5e1 about t%e 2attern. Some of t%e ones /43e notice1 are %ere (2lease comment $it% more 7 / $elcome it). Ayen1e 8a%ien4s o2inion on Onion Arc%itecture 9Cunning: Clinton4s 3ie$ !ony Snee14s 3ie$ an1 co1e sam2le Stac5O3erflo$ ;uestions on Onion Arc%itecture Matt Hi1inger4s C%icago . et <ser =rou2 3i1eo 2resentation on OA One interesting Stac5O3erflo$ ;uestion.

>ac5 in ,--0, / 1efine1 four tenets of Onion Arc%itecture& !%e a22lication is built aroun1 an in1e2en1ent ob6ect mo1el /nner layers 1efine interfaces. Outer layers im2lement interfaces ?irection of cou2ling is to$ar1 t%e center All a22lication core co1e can be com2ile1 an1 run se2arate from infrastructure

Alt%oug% t%ere %as been significant a1o2tion of t%is 2attern, / %a3e recei3e1

countless ;uestions about %o$ to im2lement it in 3arious en3ironments. / mostly get as5e1 about %o$ it relates to 1omain'1ri3en 1esign. (irst, onion arc%itecture $or5s $ell $it% an1 $it%out ??? 2atterns. /t $or5s $ell $it% C@8S, forms o3er 1ata, an1 ???. /t is merely an arc%itectural 2attern $%ere t%e core ob6ect mo1el is re2resente1 in a $ay t%at 1oes not acce2t 1e2en1encies on less stable co1e. Co1eCam2Ser3er $as an original sam2le of onion arc%itecture, but it also gre$ as a sam2le of %o$ to 1o ASP. E! M"C in 3arious $ays, %o$ to use Portable Areas, an1 %o$ to use M3cContrib features li5e in2ut buil1ers. /f you are 6ust loo5ing for onion arc%itecture, it %as too muc% going on. / %a3e 2us%e1 a muc% sim2ler solution t%at re2resents onion arc%itecture conce2ts. / %a3e intentionally not inclu1e1 a </ in2ut form or an /oC container, $%ic% most 2eo2le associate $it% onion arc%itecture. Onion arc%itecture $or5s 6ust fine $it%out t%e li5es of StructureMa2 or Castle Ain1sor. Please c%ec5 out t%e co1e %ere an1 let me 5no$ if t%is 2resents a sim2le a22roac% 7 t%at is t%e goal. A%en t%ere is enoug% interest, / $ill continue t%is series $it% more 2arts. C@8S 1efinitely 1eser3es some a11ressing $it%in t%is arc%itecture, an1 so 1o ob6ect mo1els t%at su22ort tas5'base1 </s. =et t%e co1e %ere at my >it>uc5et re2ository. 8ea1 More ** Comments

!rac5bac5s !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art * & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste1 on 0.*+.,-*. at 0&,- AM Pingbac5 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art * & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art , & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste1 on 0.*+.,-*. at 0&,- AM Pingbac5 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art , & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art . & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) Poste1 on 0.*+.,-*. at 0&,- AM Pingbac5 from !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art . & Jeffrey Palermo (.com) /nteresting (in1s& August ,-, ,-*. Poste1 on 0.,-.,-*. at B&-* AM /nteresting (in1s& August ,-, ,-*. !%e Morning >re$ ' C%ris Alcoc5 C !%e Morning >re$ D*#,B Poste1 on 0.,*.,-*. at ,&#, AM Pingbac5 from !%e Morning >re$ ' C%ris Alcoc5 C !%e Morning >re$ D*#,B Comments

Eiang Au sai1 on 0.*+.,-*. at #&.F PM !%an5s, JeffreyG !%is arc%itecture ma5es a lot of sense. )ou eH2laine1 it 3ery $ell. Please c%ec5 t%is as $ell& blog.0t%lig%t.com/.../t%e'clean'arc%i ?aniel Marbac% sai1 on 0.,*.,-*. at F&** AM Hy 6effrey !%e onion arc%itecture combine1 $it% a feature oriente1 names2ace structure can be eHtremely 2o$erful. More on feature orientation see %ere& $$$.2lanetgee5.c%/.../.-II ?aniel =eorge Jo%n sai1 on 0.,*.,-*. at #&B# PM / must confess t%at / %a3e really en6oye1 im2lementing t%e Onion Arc%itecture in my current 2ro6ect. /t too5 a bit to get t%e team on t%e same 2age but t%at is 2rimarily because coming from an n'tier $orl1 ??? is a little 1aunting at first. Once t%ey got a %ang of it it $as smoot% sailing. 8ic%ar1 sai1 on 0.,..,-*. at .&,B AM A%ere $oul1 you 2ut %el2er classesJ Say / %a3e a %el2er met%o1 t%at ta5es t$o 1oubles an1 returns a EatEng instance. Jo%an Sy1seter sai1 on +.-..,-*. at I&*0 AM !%an5 you for an eHcelent articel. / %a3e searc%e1 muc% of t%e $eb an1 rea1 one boo5 an1 a 1oKen articals about %eHagonal arcitecure an1 your eHam2les is t%e one t%at bring t%e most clearity into %o$ t%e infrastructure an1 a22lication ser3ice layer uses t%e 1omain layer $it%out beeing cou2le1 to it. / still %a3e 2roblems $it% un1erstan1ing %o$ to 1ecou2le t%e 2resentation layer from t%e a22lication ser3ice layer t%oug%, / imagine t%at t%e a22lication ser3ice layers %a3e to im2lement interfaces from t%e 2resentation layers muc% li5e in t%e 2orts an1 a1a2ter 2attern to be able to 1ecou2le 2resentation from a22lication ser3ices. Am / on trac5 %ereJ / %a3enLt loo5e1 at your co1e eHam2le yet, but / $oul1 be greatful if you coul1 eH2lain %o$ it is 2ossible to se2erate a frame$or5 base1 on m3c from t%e a22lication ser3ices. $il.2annell sai1 on +.-B.,-*. at F&-I PM (cross'2oste1 M %tt2&//alistair.coc5burn.us/HeHagonalNarc%itecture)

!%e one ;uestion t%at esca2es me about 2orts'an1'a1a2ters O ot%er ren1itions are t%e 9onion arc%itecture,: an1 >ob Martin4s 9Clean Arc%itecture,: $%ic% / %a3e also been stu1ying O is t%e 2rimary 2ort for a ric% 6a3ascri2t/%tmlB front'en1. /4m intereste1 in your t%in5ing. /f suc% a front'en1 eHists, t%en necessarily muc% </ logic resi1es on it. E.g., a 5eyboar1 interface O li5e t%e /Pa1 3irtual 5eyboar1 O enca2sulates muc% logic t%at4s not really rele3ant to t%e a22lication, as suc%. So is t%e 2rimary 2ort strictly entail t%e re;uest/res2onse 2ayloa1s transmitte1 to t%e ser3er 3ia %tt2J Or 3ia a rest AP/J Subscribe (8SS) 8SS Atom Subscribe by email Party $it% Palermo fee1 Comments 8SS

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Clear Measure "ie$ Jeffrey PalermoLs 2rofile on Ein5e1/n

8ecent >log Entries ?e3elo2ers 1ri3ing on ice My current 2referre1 continuous integration buil1 scri2t72sa5e AliaS@E ' t%e ne$ name in automate1 1atabase c%ange management . et 8oc5s roa1 tri27Austin sto2 Solution to =o!oMeeting 3i1eo conferencing ;uality Onion Arc%itecture& Part # ' After (our )ears Ho$ to configure S@E Ser3er ,-*, for remote net$or5 connections

=o!oMeeting $or5s great7until you a11 3i1eo conferencing Onion Arc%itecture for ?istribute1 Systems at Austin Co1e Cam2, ,-*. Eet4s buil1 some soft$are toget%er. /4m %iring senior 1e3s Searc%

Po2ular Posts Plugge1 in, not c%arging Ain1o$s I solution !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art * ASP. E! M"C an1 t%e tem2late1 2artial 3ie$ (1eat% to ASCP) / am s2ea5ing at t%e Austin Clou1 <ser =rou2 on May ,#, ,-** (!ues1ay) A11ing a secon1 SS? to my Eeno3o )oga Q 0=> 8AM !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art , /Lll get to your a22lication in a minute ' (irst, $e nee1 to buil1 t%e frame$or5 )ou s%oul1 O! use ASP. E! M"C if. . . !%e Onion Arc%itecture & 2art . ?ebun5ing t%e 1uct ta2e 2rogrammer Arc%i3es January ,-*# (.) ?ecember ,-*. (*) August ,-*. (,) July ,-*. (.) June ,-*. (,) May ,-*. (.) A2ril ,-*. (,) Marc% ,-*. (,) (ebruary ,-*. (F) January ,-*. (*) (ebruary ,-*, (*) o3ember ,-** (.)

Ol1er stuff... >ac5 to !o2 Co2yrig%t R ,--0',-*. Jeffrey Palermo S !%eme 1esign by Ea5e @uincy Me1ia, EEC, base1 on a tem2late from (ree CSS !em2lates S /cons by (AM(AM(AM. "ali1 PH!ME S "ali1 CSS