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= 2 2
= =
x
1 2 1
( )()
1
( )() = 2 2 2
v x
frictionless
E = +
Amplitude
1 1 = 2 + 2 2 2
At the ends, given that x = A (maximum displacement) then Conservation E = + of energy 1 1 = 2 + 2 2 2 1 2 = 0 + 2 Since total mechanical energy conserves, 1 1 1 (2 2 ) 2 + 2 = 2 2 = 2 2 2 = 2 2 When x=A then v=0 When x=0 (equilibrium) then v= vmax = 2 02 = 2 2 2 2 = = 1 2 2 = 1 2 2
Question An object of mass 0.10kg is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 200N/m. If the object oscillates between x = 0.05m and 0.05 m, calculate (a) ETOTAL ; (b) Max.| v | ; (c) aMAX
(a)Since total mechanical energy conserves, we could calculate E total at any point of the motion. The simplest way is to calculate Etotal at x=A, at which v =0, which gives:
1 1 1 E = 2 + 2 = (200 ) (0.05)2 + 0 = 0.25 2 2 2
200 / 0.10
)(0.05)= 100 / 2
x is opposite of a
1 2 1 4
T: Period; t: time. x
= (
2 )
A t -A T
v
2A
t
2A
2 2 = ( )
2 2 2 = =( ) ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 =( )( ) ( ) = ( 4 2 2 ) ( ) 2
42 A 2 42 A 2
t T
= ()
4 2 =
2
= 2 This is the relationship between period of oscillation of a mass on a spring, the mass and the spring constant.
= A (max. disp.)(v = 0)
e) Maximum velocity
x = A (v = 0) 1 1 = 2 = 2 2 2
g) The velocity and acceleration when the object is 5cm from the equilibrium position 100 / = 2 2 = (0.1)2 (0.05)2 = 0.4 / 4 100 ) (0.05) = 1.25 / = ( ) = ( 4
= 2 2 = 2 2 =
2 2 2 , where vo is maximum velocity and since = 2 Or ( ) 2 2 = 1 2 1 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 = = = But comparing this to = 2 2 shown earlier = 2 =
Physics 12 Honors Notes Simple Harmonic Motion V1.1 (KWP) Page 5 of 6
= 2
This is the relationship between the period, mass and spring constant of a mass attached to a spring in Single Harmonic Motion.
. That spring has a corresponding frequency called natural (or resonant) frequency, f0: A mass oscillating on a spring does so with a specific period given by = 2 0 = 1 1 = 2
All material and structure have a natural frequency. In fact that have more than one natural frequency. harmonics or overtones fundamental f0
vibrating string
If an external force acting on the structure has a frequency close or equal to f0 this causes the vibration of the structure to be amplified. This is called resonance. To prevent catastrophic damage, the frequencies in contact with the structure must be different from f0.
Music
For extra information on the topic of music, sound and waves, read the following sections in your textbook Physics: Principles with Applications (5th Edition)
11.7-11.12 on waves (esp. 11.11, 11.12) 12.1-12.7 on sound (esp. 12.5, 12.6, 12.7) Test Date
April 7th, 2014 (Monday), Block C (for Honours Class).