INTRODUCTION

GENERAL OVERVIEW What is Photoshop? Toolbox File operations NEW FILE ( PAGE, IMAGE) FILE FORMATS SAVE - SAVE AS - OPEN Practice Summary Questions

INTRODUCTION
What is Photoshop?
Adobe Photoshop is one of the most powerful image modification programs published by Adobe Systems. Layer: A layer is a component of an image. Images consist of multiple layers. Layers might be background, texts, logo, shapes, picture etc. Although Photoshop is a professional software for photographers, graphic designers and web designers, amateur users can use Photoshop easily. The file format of Photoshop is PSD. PSD files keep layers information to maintain the original image for future use. Photoshop can work with different color models: Bitmap, Grayscale, Duotone, Indexed Color, RGB Color, CMYK Color, Lab Color. The most recent version Photoshop CS3 released in 2007. CS stands for Creative Studio. CS3 works faster and uses less hardware resource then earlier versions. The following pictures created by using Photoshop.

Some Photoshop Artworks

Overview of photoshop cs3

Menus

Tools Pane

Photoshop Interface

Image Window 2

Palettes Photoshop CS 3

Photoshop CS3 Toolbox

The black triangle on the right bottom of tools means that icon includes additional tools. To open sub tool menu you can either right click on it or just click and hold on it, and then by clicking on any tool on the menu will change your tool.
Shortcut: Pressing on the shortcut letters changes the selected tool. For additional tools you have to keep pressing on the shortcut letter.
Adobe Online Move Tool

Crop Tool

Hand Tool Default colors Zoom Tool Set Foreground and Background colors Edit n Quick Mask Mode Full Screen Mode

Fuul Screen Mode with Menu Bar

Toolbox

Introduction

Title bar

Close button Maximize button Minimize button

image Scroll bars

view size
The image window

Resize bar

DIGITAL IMAGING
Color Models
An image's color model depends on your purpose. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) are the two major color modes. Images are usually in RGB mode. RGB mode is for use on the web, on monitors, on office programs and with most inkjet printers. CMYK mode is required for publishing. Red, Green, Blue: This model refers to a system for representing the colors on a computer screen. Red, green, and blue are combined to produce other colors. Color values vary in the range 0-255. Red=0, Green=0, Blue=0 produces black color and Red=255, Green=255, Blue=255 produces white color. In RGB red plus green produces yellow, red plus blue produces magenta, blue plus green produces cyan. Figure 1 shows the three colors used in the RGB color model and intersection of the colors.

Figure1: RGB model

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, K ey (or Black): The CMYK model is commonly used for color printing. If you are using your image editing programs to prepare printing materials, you have to work with CMYK. In CMYK, magenta plus yellow produces red, magenta plus cyan produces blue and cyan plus yellow produces green. Figure 2 shows the four colors used in the CMYK color model and intersection of the colors.
Figure2: CMYK model

Photoshop CS 3

Pixel
A pixel (picture element) is a single point in a graphic image. Digital images consist of collocated pixels. The intensity of each pixel is variable; in color systems, each pixel has typically three or four dimensions of variability such as red, green, and blue, or cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. It means a pixel can have only one color.

Resolution
Resolution refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. It is most often used to define monitors, printers and images. Pixels Per Inch (PPI) is a measurement of resolution of a monitor displaying an image or a printer printing a picture or an image is taken by digital camera.

Anti-aliasing
One of the most important techniques in making graphics and text easy to read and pleasing to the eye on-screen is anti-aliasing. In the context of rasterizing images, antialiasing refers to the reduction of the jagged borders between colors. The example below demonstrates the most effective technique of antialiasing graphics: taking advantage of the many levels of color that our monitors can represent. Rasterizing: A transformation that can be applied to an image to prepare it for printing.

Rendered without antialiasing.

Rendered using antialiasing.

Introduction

FILE OPERATIONS
New file (page, image)
When you run Photoshop for the first time, unlike most of the other programs, you will not see a blank file. You need to use new file dialog box (Figure 3) to create a new file. To create new file: Select File>New. The New dialog box opens.

Name
Write project or file name

Figure3: New dialog box

Preset
To specify the size of project you may either use preset or width - height options.

Resolution
Resolution refers the number of pixel per inch. Generally picture resolution is 72 ppi but for professional uses it should be 300 ppi.

Color mode
Color mode show how the colors are recorded in the file. For example RGB : Red, Green, Blue CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black Grayscale : 256 shades of gray

Every image by default has a background layer. It is different than any other layer that we work with. White : Background color will be white Background color : Use set background color on the tools Transparent : Background will be transparent

Background contents

Three background contents

Photoshop CS 3

File formats
Before save a file in Photoshop you should decide which file format you need. You can save a file in about 20 different file formats. The most common formats and their usages are listed below. PSD : PSD is the default file format of Photoshop. PSD files keep layers information to maintain the original image for future use. BMP : Windows bitmap file format. EPS : The most popular file format for publishing. GIF : It is a common Web file format and suitable for animations. JPG : The most used photo and web images format. Difference between GIF and JPG is supported color. GIF can include 256 colors, JPG more than 16.7 million colors. PDF : Adobe's Portable Document Format TIFF : TIFF and EPS are the two most accepted file format for publishing. Format PSD BMP EPS GIF JPG PDF TIFF Layers Yes No No No No Yes Yes Usage General (Photoshop format) Windows applications, Wallpaper Publishing Web design, animation Web design, Photo E-book Publishing

Usage of file formats.

On the table below you can compare the file size of this picture in different file formats. The image size of picture is 580px X 396px. The file size depends on quality and compression of file format and keeping layer information is making file size bigger. That's why PSD and TIFF have big file sizes.

580 x 396 pixels

Format PSD BMP EPS GIF JPG JPG JPG JPG PDF TIFF TIFF

Quality Uncompressed 24 Bit 1bit/pixel Maximum High Medium Low Uncompressed LZW (No layers) Introduction

Size 4050 KB 672 KB 1197 KB 126 KB 302 KB 120 KB 69 KB 57 KB 3469 KB 4194 KB 448 KB 7

Size of the picture formats

Saving Files
Saving a file is very important for Photoshop. For Photoshop, you need to save file in two different file formats to use in the future. PSD is the most important file format to keep layer information. You have to save your project in PSD format to edit in the future. And then choose File ' Save as. Choose the file format according your need.

save as dialog box

save as file types

Openning Files
To open existing file choose File ' Open. Find the picture and click on it. The appearance of the picture will be in the preview window. Click open if it's the file that you need. You may also make multiple selection by pressing CTRL Key to open more then one file.

open dialog box

Photoshop CS 3

Extra info

Info palette
The info palette ( Window-Info) provides useful numerical readouts relative to the position of the on your image.

Introduction

Practice
PRACTICE
Create a new a page according to following criteria: Width: 500 Height: 300 Resolution: 300 Color mode: RGB Background contents: White
JPG PSD BMP EPS GIF PDF TIFF

Find a jpeg picture in your computer. rename it (yourname.jpg) open it in Photoshop CS3 save as PSD, BMP , EPS, GIF, PDF and TIFF put all the files in a folder compare their sizes Check if MS Paint can open or not
Size MS Paint

What is Photoshop? Adobe Photoshop is one of the most powerful image modification programs published by Adobe Systems. Color Models An image's color model depends on your purpose. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) are the two major color modes. Pixel A pixel (picture element) is a single point in a graphic image. Digital images consist of collocated pixels. Resolution Pixels per inch (PPI) or pixel density is a measurement of the resolution of a computer display, related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions. Anti-aliasing One of the most important techniques in making graphics and text easy to read and pleasing to the eye onscreen is anti-aliasing. In the context of rasterizing images, antialiasing refers to the reduction of the jagged borders between colors. New File To create new file: Select File > New. The New dialog box opens. File Formats Before save a file in Photoshop you should decide which file format you need. You can save a file in about 20 file formats. Saving File Saving a file is very important for Photoshop. PSD is the most important file format to keep layer information. You have to save your project in PSD format to edit in the future. And then choose File > Save as. Choose the file format according your need. Opening File To open existing file choose File > Open. Find the picture and click on it. The appearance of the picture will be in the preview window. Click open if it's the file that you need.

Introduction

11

1. The most recent version of Photoshop is a. Photoshop X3 b. Photoshop 7 c. Photoshop CS3 d. Photoshop Pro Tools 2. What tool is missing from this pop-u up tool list?

5. Which of the following can you NOT do with Photoshop? a. Create Flash movies b. Restore old photographs c. Create original artwork d. Open jpg files 6. Which of the file format can keep layer information? a. BMP b. GIF c. PSD d. JPG 7. Which of the following can you NOT define in New Dialog Box? a. Resolution b. File extension c. Color mode d. Width 8. Clicking and holding the mouse button on a toolbar icon does what? a. Shows additional tools related to that tool b. Opens Save As dialog box c. Locks that tool d. Shows help text for that tool 9. CS3 stands for a. Counter Strike b. Creative Studio c. Color System d. Computer Science

a. Sponge tool b. Rectangular marquee tool c. Magnetic lasso tool d. Brush tool 3. Which of these is not a color mode? a. RGB b. Mask Color c. Grayscale d. CMYK 4. Which is NOT one of the tools in the Photoshop CS3 toolbar? a. Color Range Selection b. Lasso Tool c. Gradient Tool d. Type Mask Tool

12

Photoshop CS 3

SELECTION
MOVE TOOL MARQUEE TOOLS MAGIC WAND TOOL QUICK SELECTION TOOL SELECT MENU TRANSFORMS Practice Summary Questions

Selection
Selection isolates one or more parts of your image. After selecting an area, you can edit it or apply effects and filters. Unselected areas will be untouched. A selection is indicated by a dotted white-black line. Selected area can be moved by move tool. 1 2
1. 2. 3. 4. New selection Add to selection Subtract from selection Intersect with selection

3 4

New: Creates new selection. Your current selection will be replace.

Subtract: Removes new selection area from current selection.

Add: Adds new selection area to current selection.

Intersected: Selects the intersection area of current and new selections.

Refine Edge
The Refine Edge option improves the quality of a selection's edges and allows you to view the selection against different backgrounds for easy editing. 1. Create a selection with any selection tool. 2. Click Refine Edge on the selection toolbar to set options for adjusting the selection:

Quick mask

Black background

White background

Alpha channel

14

Photoshop CS 3

Radius: Determines the size of the region around the selection. Contrast: Sharpens selection edges and removes fuzzy artifacts. Smooth: Reduces irregular areas ("hills and valleys") in the selection boundary, creating a smoother outline. Enter a value or move the slider from 0 to 100. Feather: Creates a soft-edged transition between the selection and its surrounding pixels. Contract/Expand: Shrinks or enlarges the selection boundary. 3. Click a Selection View icon to change view modes. Click Description to view information about each mode. To preview the selection with standard selection border. To preview the selection with Quick Mask. Double-click the Quick Mask preview to change mask color or opacity. To preview the selection with black background. To preview the selection with white background. To preview the selection as mask (alpha channel). 4. To save your selection adjustments, click OK.

There are separate sets of tools to make selections. Marquee tools Lasso tools Magic wand tool Select menu

Selection

15

Marquee tools
The marquee tools make rectangular, elliptical, single row, and single column selections. Rectangular Marquee makes a rectangular selection. Elliptical Marquee makes an elliptical selection. Single Row or Single Column Marquee defines the border as a 1-pixel-wide row or column.

Rectangular marquee

Eliptical marquee

16

Photoshop CS 3

Lasso tools:
The lasso tools make freehand, polygonal and magnetic (snap-to) selections. Lasso tools are designed to help you make irregular selections. To finish drawing a selection, either click on the selection starting point or double-click anywhere.

Lasso tool
You can use lasso tool to make freehand selections. When you return to your starting point your selection will become the familiar marching ants. If you release the mouse button before the shape is closed, the selection will complete itself with a straight line automatically.

Lasso Tool

Polygonal lasso tool

The polygonal lasso allows you to makes straight sided selection. You can also hold down the Alt key to draw freehand sections. The anchor points can be removed by pressing the delete key. At the end, if you click near by the starting point it will snap to it automatically.

Polygonal Tool

Magnetic lasso tool

When you use the Magnetic Lasso tool, the border snaps to the edges of defined areas in the image. These anchor points can be removed by pressing the delete key. When you have finished, click on the first anchor point to close the selection. At the end, if you click near by the starting point it will snap to it automatically.

Magnetic Lasso Tool

Selection

17

Magic wand tool

The Magic Wand tool selects similarly colored areas. Similarity depends on tolerance value of magic wand. Default value of tolerance is 32. But for complex or colorful images, it is better to use smaller tolerance.

To add selected part to selection, use magic wand by pressing Shift, subtract from selection use magic wand by pressing Alt.

Expending Selection by pressing SHIFT KEY

tolerance:5

tolerance:15

tolerance:32 (Default)

tolerance:100

18

Photoshop CS 3

Quick Selection tool

Quick Selection tool is brush form of the Magic Wand. Magic Wand works with a touch and fill action. But the new quick selection works more like a continuous brush stroke. Drag the tool through an area and other areas of similar color are selected. The brush size decides the distance within which Photoshop looks for similar colors.

initial selection

adding to selection (shift key pressed)

complete selection

Move Tool
The move tool lets you drag a selection or layer to another location in the image or to another image on your workspace. By using move tool you can also copy a selection to another location. When you select move tool the following toolbar appears on the top of screen.

To move the selected area: 1. Make a selection by using selection tools. 2. Select move tool. 3. Drag the selection to the destination. 4. The moved part will be filled by background color.

To copy the selected area: 1. Make a selection by using selection tools. 2. Select move tool. 3. Press Alt key and hold your finger on it. 4. Drag the selection to the destination. 5. The original selected part will not change.

select

move

copy

Selection

19

Auto Select Layer:

Auto Select Layer automatically selects the layer you click on when the move tool is selected. It's useful when we are working with multiple layers.

Show Bounding Box:

To display the bounding box around object in the selected layer. It lets you to see border of your selection.

Alignment Button:
Alignment options let you align up the layers as you like. To align layers, first you need to select the layers you want to align in the layers menu. Holding CTRL as you click allows you to multi-select. If you hold Shift as you select, it will select everything between your first and last click.

original

Align Top Edges

Align Vertical Centers

Align Bottom

Align Left Edges

Align Horizontal Centers

Align Right

20

Photoshop CS 3

Distribute Button:
Clicking on any distribute button automatically positions selected layers, with equal space between each layer. You have to select at least three layers to enable this group of buttons. On the following picture, we have five colored rectangle which have different spaces between each other. After distribute them, the spaces between any two neighbouring layers will be same.

Original

Distributed

Select menu
All, deselect, reselect, inverse: Select All: It selects all pixels on a layer within the canvas boundaries. To select all, select the layer in the layers palette. Select > All. (CTRL+A) Deselect: It deselects the selected area. To deselect selections do one of the following: Select > Deselect. (CTRL+D) If you are using the Rectangle Marquee tool, the Elliptical Marquee tool, or the Lasso tool, click anywhere in the image outside the selected area. Reselect: It selects the most recent selection again. Select > Reselect. (Shift+CTRL+D) Inverse selection: It selects the current unselected part of the image. Select > Inverse. (Shift+CTRL+I)
Selected Picture

Selection

21

Color range: The Color Range selects a specified color within an existing selection or an entire image. To select a color range, Choose Select > Color Range. For Select, choose the Sampled Colors tool Select one of the display options: Selection Previews only the selection as you build it.
Color Range Dialog box

Image Previews the entire image. For example, you might want to sample from a part of the image that isn't on-screen. To toggle between the Image and Selection previews in the Color Range dialog box, press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS). Position the pointer over the image or preview area, and click to sample the colors you want included. Sampling color Adjust the range of colors using the Fuzziness slider or by entering a value. To decrease the range of colors selected, decrease the value. The Fuzziness option partially selects pixels by controlling the degree to which related colors are included in the selection (whereas the Tolerance option for the Magic Wand tool and the paint bucket increases the range of colors that are fully selected). Feather modify: It controls the degree to which the edge of a selection is faded.

Selected to Color Range

22

Photoshop CS 3

Extra info

Navigator palette The navigator palette, the zoom tool, the hand tool and the scroll bars for moving around and zooming in and out of your image.

Extra info

History palette The history palette records the last 20 states of the image. Use the History palette to return to a previous state of the image within the current work session.

Selection

23

TRANSFORMS
Free transform
The Free Transform command lets you use the scale, rotate, skew, distort and perspective commands without having to select them from the menu. In Photoshop, you can also apply a warp transformation. Instead of choosing different commands, you simply hold down a key on your keyboard to switch between transformation types.

To transform freely
1. Select what you want to transform. 2. Choose Edit > Free Transform. 3. Do one of the following: You can use both corner handle and side handle to resize. Press Shift to scale proportionately. To rotate by dragging, move the pointer outside the bounding border and then drag. You can use corner handle to perform distortion by hold-down Ctrl key while dragging the handle. While holding down Ctrl key your cursor will turning to indicate that you are performing distortion. To skew, press Ctrl+Shift, and drag a side handle. When positioned over a side handle, the pointer becomes a white arrowhead with a small double arrow. To apply perspective, press Ctrl+Alt+Shift, and drag a corner handle. To cancel the transformation, press Esc or click the Cancel button in the options bar.
Original image Resize

Rotate

Distort

Skew

Perspective

original image

Applied free transform

24

Photoshop CS 3

Transform
The commands under the transform submenu let you apply all the free transform objects (scale, rotate, skew, distort and perspective) and warp (manipulating the shape of an item). There is no diffrence between transform and free transform. Only you can warp by using transform command. To warp a selection 1. Select what you want to warp. 2. Choose Edit > Transform > Warp. 3. Drag the control points. 4. Press Enter or click the Commit button in the options bar.

selected image

Transform menu

Applied warp transform

Selection

25

Practice
1. Do the following applications by using selection tools.

2. Do the following applications by using selection tools.

Selection

27

1. Which of the following tool(s) can NOT make a selection? a. Marquee tools b. Lasso tools c. Magic wand tool d. Move tool 2. What selects a specified color within an existing selection or an entire image. a. Color range b. Feather modify c. Inverse selection d. Reselect 3. The ........................ tool lets you drag a selection or layer to another location in the image or to another image on your workspace. a. Lasso b. Move c. Alignment d. Distribute 4. Which of the following tool is NOT a marquee tool? a. Rectangular tool b. Single row tool c. Lasso tool d. Elliptical tool 5. By pressing which key you can expand your selection? a. Alt b. Shift c. Ctrl d. Spacebar 6. Which selection makes the edge of a selection is faded? a. Feather modify b. Select all c. Magnetic lasso d. Marquee tools

7. Clicking on .......................... button automatically positions selected layers, with equal space between each layer. a. Alignment b. Distribute c. Auto Select Layer d. Show Bounding Box 8. Which is not a selection method? a. Quick masking b. Layer masking c. Using the Lasso Tool d. Color Range 9. Which of the following is NOT possible to do by using free transform command? a. Rotate b. Scale c. Skew d. Filter 10. turns an item around a reference point. a. Rotating b. Scaling c. Skewing d. Warping 11. enlarges or reduces an item relative to its reference point. a. Rotating b. Scaling c. Skewing d. Warping 12. Which of the following transform command is used on this picture? a. Rotate b. Scale c. Skew d. Warp

28

Photoshop CS 3

IMAGE SETTING
IMAGE SIZE CANVAS SIZE CROP AND TRIM ROTATION ADJUSTMENTS COLOR MODES Practice 1 Practice 2 Summary Questions

IMAGE SETTINGS
Image size
The image size command changes the number of pixels used to create the image. By changing pixel dimensions on image size dialog box you can change the size of your image. To open image size dialog box: Image > Image Size. Shortcut: Ctrl+Alt+I Now we will change the image of a picture. The image size of picture is 360x540. To make it smaller we need to change width and height. Constrain Proportions option automatically changes the width as you change the height, and vice versa. So if we change the width to 240 height will be 360 automatically.

original image

Dialog box

Applied image size

Canvas size
The Canvas Size command lets you add or remove work space around an existing image. You can also use the command to crop an image by decreasing the canvas area. If you need more space around your image (border), canvas size command is the best way to do. To change canvas size dialog box: Image > Canvas Size. Enter values for width and height. Click an Anchor to indicate where to position the existing image on the new canvas. The white square represents the position of the image, the other squares with arrows represents the position of the border. Canvas Extension Color options defines the color of the border.

Dialog box

original image

Applied blue canvas size

30

Photoshop CS 3

Crop and trim

Cropping deletes part of an image. You can crop an image using the Crop tool or the Crop command. Select the Crop tool from toolbox. Click and drag to define crop area. When you are satisfied with the position and size of crop area, click the commit button to apply command. In addition to the Crop tool, you can use the crop and trim commands to crop an image. Use a selection tool to select the part of the image you want to keep. Image > Crop.

original image

Selecting crop area

Croped image

Trim removes pixels from an image and reduces the image size. 1. Choose Image > Trim. 2. In the Trim dialog box, select an option: 3. Select one or more areas of the image to trim away: Top, Bottom, Left, or Right. In this sample after trim the white part around image and text is deleted.

original image

Trim dialog box

Trimed image

Image Setting

31

Rotation
The Rotate Canvas commands let you rotate or flip an entire image. The commands do not work on individual layers or parts of layers, paths, or selection borders.

Rotate canvas menu

A. Original image

B. Flip Horizontal

C. Flip Vertical

D. Rotate 90 CW

E. Rotate 180

F. Rotate 90 CCW

Choose Image > Rotate Canvas, and choose one of the following commands from the submenu: 180 rotates the image by a half-turn. 90 CW rotates the image clockwise by a quarter-turn. 90 CCW rotates the image counterclockwise by a quarter-turn. Arbitrary rotates the image by the angle you specify. Flip Canvas Horizontal flips the image horizontally, along the vertical axis. Flip Canvas Vertical flips the image vertically, along the horizontal axis. 32 Photoshop CS 3

ADJUSTMENTS
Color adjustment tools work essentially the same way: by mapping an existing range of pixel values to a new range of values. The difference between the tools is the amount of control they provide. Some of the tools work automatically. Auto Levels, Auto Contrast and Auto Color let you automatically adjust tonal range of an image. These tools ussualy use to correct color on the scanned photos.

Adjustment menu

original image

Levels
The Levels dialog box lets you correct the tonal range and color balance of an image by adjusting intensity levels of image shadows, midtones, and highlights. The Levels histogram is a visual guide for adjusting the image key tones. Image > Adjustments > Levels

Applied levels

Curves
The Curves dialog box lets you adjust the entire tonal range of an image. But unlike Levels, which has only three adjustments (shadows, midtones, and highlights), Curves lets you adjust up to 14 different points throughout an image's tonal range. Image > Adjustments > Curves
Curves dialog box

Image Setting

33

Color Balance
Photoshop allows you to change the levels of colors within an image. You can adjust level of cyanred, magenta-green and yellow-blue colors. If there is too much blue in your Color balance dialog box image, you can remove blue color by dragging yellow-blue slider to the yellow. Image > Adjustments > Color Balance.

Brightness and Contrast

The Brightness/Contrast command lets you make simple adjustments to the tonal range of an image. Unlike Curves and Levels, which apply proportionate (nonlinear) adjustments to the pixels in an image, Brightness Contrast makes the same amount of adjustment to every pixel (a linear adjustment). Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast.

Brightness and Contrast dialog box

Hue and Sturation

The Hue/Saturation dialog box allows us to change colors (hue), enrich or dull colors (saturation), lighten or darken colors (lightness). Hue, saturation and lightness are the three characteristics of light. Hue is what most people call color. For example, a green car has the hue green. Saturation is how pure hue is. Lightness refers to how bright, or not bright, something is. A light green car and a dark green car have two different lightness values even though the hue is the same. Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. 34 Photoshop CS 3

Hue and Saturation dialog box

Match Color
The Match Color command matches colors between multiple images, between multiple layers, or between multiple color selections. It also lets you adjust the colors in an image by changing the luminance, changing the color range, and neutralizing a color cast. The Match Color command works only in RGB mode. Image > Adjustments > Match Color.
Match color dialog box

The Shadow/Highlight command

The Shadow/Highlight command is suitable for correcting photos with silhouetted images due to strong backlighting or correcting subjects that have been slightly washed out because they were too close to the camera flash. The adjustment is also useful for brightening areas of shadow in an otherwise well-lit image. The Shadow/Highlight command does not simply lighten or darken an image; it lightens or darkens based on the surrounding pixels (local neighborhood) in the shadows or highlights. For this reason, there are separate controls of the shadows and the highlights. The defaults are set to fix images with Shadow and Highlight dialog box backlighting problems. The Shadow/Highlight command also has a Midtone Contrast slider, Black Clip option, and White Clip option for adjusting the overall contrast of the image. Image > Adjustments > Shadow/Highlight.

Selective Color
Selective color correction is a technique used by high-end scanners and separation programs to increase and decrease the amount of process colors in each of the additive and subtractive primary color components in an image. Even though Selective Color uses CMYK colors to correct an image, you can use it on RGB images as well as on images that will be printed. Image > Adjustments > Selective Color. Image Setting
Selective color dialog box

35

Channel Mixer
The Channel Mixer command lets you create high-quality grayscale images by choosing the percentage contribution from each color channel. You can also create high-quality sepia-tone or other tinted images. Using the Channel Mixer, you can also make creative color adjustments not easily done with other color-adjustment tools. Image > Adjustments > Channel Mixer.
Channel mixer dialog box

Gradient Map
Gradient maps are a great way to add color to a grayscale image, or to fine tune the existing color of an image. This is a handy way of getting a photographic image to have a gradient effect, whereby you can specify the exact colors you would like the image to appear in. Image > Adjustments > Gradient Map.

Replace Color
The Replace Color command lets you create a mask around specific colors and then replace those colors in the image. You can set the hue, saturation, and lightness of the area identified by the mask. The mask is temporary. Image > Adjustments > Match Color.

Replace color dialog box

36

Photoshop CS 3

Photo Filter
The Photo Filter command mimics the technique of putting a colored filter in front of the camera lens to adjust the color balance and color temperature of the light transmitted through the lens and exposing the film. The Photo Filter command also lets you choose a color preset to apply a hue adjustment to an image. If you want to apply a custom color adjustment, the Photo Filter command lets you specify a color using the Adobe Color Picker. Image > Adjustments > Photo Filter.
Photo filter dialog box

Exposure
The Exposure dialog box is designed for making tonal adjustments to HDR images, but it works with 8-bit and 16bit images. Exposure works by performing calculations in a linear color space (gamma 1.0) rather than the image's current color space. Image > Adjustments > Exposure.
Exposure dialog box

Threshold
The Threshold command converts grayscale or color images to highcontrast, black and white images. You can specify a certain level as a threshold. All pixels lighter than the threshold are converted to white; all pixels darker are converted to black. The Threshold command is useful for Threshold dialog box determining the lightest and darkest areas of an image. Image > Adjustments > Threshold. Image Setting 37

Posterize
The Posterize command lets you specify the number of tonal levels (or brightness values) for each channel in an image and then maps pixels to the closest matching level. For example, choosing two tonal levels in an RGB image gives six colors: two for red, two for green, and two for blue. This command is useful for creating special effects, such as large, flat areas in a photograph. Its effects are most evident when you reduce the number of gray levels in a grayscale image, but it also produces interesting effects in color images. Image > Adjustments > Posterize.

Posterize dialog box

Color modes
Choosing an Image Color Mode An image's color mode depends on your purpose. There are eight different image color modes in Photoshop. RGB and CMYK are the two major color modes. Images are usually in RGB mode. RGB mode is for use on the web, on monitors, on office programs and with most inkjet printers. CMYK mode is required for publishing.

CMYK

GRAY

RGB

BITMAP

38

Photoshop CS 3

Practice 1

Use the original picture to do following pictures. Practice steps: Crop Canvas size: Expand %20 Rotations

original picture

5 6

Practice 2

1. What command would you use to turn figure 1 into figure 2?

3. "Levels" in Photoshop are: a. Filters that have been applied to the image b. Images stacked on top of each other c. Previous versions of an image

a. Trim b. Crop c. Image Size d. Canvas Size

d. Color and brightness correction 4. Which is NOT an adjustment? a. Hue/Saturation b. Curves c. Rotate d. Color Balance 5. Which of the following is NOT a color mode? a. CMYK b. KRC c. RGB d. Bitmap

2. The ....................... command can be used to change the number of pixels used to create the image. a. Image size b. Canvas size c. Crop d. Trim

BRUSH TOOLS
BRUSH TOOL PENCIL TOOL COLOR REPLACEMENT HISTORY ART BRUSH TOOL PAINT BUCKET TOOL Filling and Stroking GRADIENT TOOL CLONE STAMP TOOL PATCH TOOLS DODGE, BURN, SPONGE TOOLS ERASER TOOLS (MAGIC ERASER TOOL) Practice Summary Questions

BRUSH TOOLS
Brush tool
The brush tool apply the foreground color on your image. The brush preset picker makes quick access to size (B), hardness (D) and preset of brushes (E). Changing preset brush options Diameter changes the brush size. Drag the slider (B) or enter a value (A). Hardness (D) sets the amount of anti-aliasing for the brush tool. At 100% (C), the brush tool paints with the hardest brush tip, but is still anti-aliased.
A B C D E

Brush preset picker dialog box

Open the image (cherry.jpg) Select brush tool Right click on the picture or click brush preset picker to open brush preset Master diameter: 30px Hardness: 50% Write 'Cherry' on the bottom of the picture Paint two of the cherries. Use smaller brush to paint stalk of the cherries. Save your image

44

Photoshop CS 3

Pencil tool
The Pencil tool creates hard-edged lines. It uses same preset as brush tool. But the value of hardness is 100%. You can't change it even you select soft-edged pencil. Open your modified cherry file Select pencil tool Right click on the picture or click brush preset picker to open brush preset Master diameter: 30px Write 'Cherry' on the top of picture Save your image Now compare the brush and pencil writings.
Pencil preset picker dialog box

Color replacement
The Color Replacement tool simplifies replacing specific colors in your image. You can paint over a targeted color with a corrective color. To use the Color Replacement tool 1. Select the Color Replacement tool. 2. Choose a brush tip in the options bar. 3. For tolerance, enter a percentage value (ranging from 0 to 255) or drag the slider. Choose a low percentage to replace colors very similar to the pixel you click, or raise the percentage to replace a broader range of colors. 4. Choose a foreground color that replaces the unwanted color. 5. Click the color you want to replace in the image. 6. Drag in the image to replace the targeted color.
Color raplecement dialog box

Brush Tools

45

History Brush tool

The history brush tool paints from an earlier version of the image. First it makes a copy of the image as it was, then uses the content of this copy to paint with. To use the Art History Brush tool Select the History Brush tool . Choose a brush from the Brush Presets picker, and set brush options. Drag in the image to paint. In the following example we will use both Color Replacement Tool and History Brush Tool to color one of the children in the picture while others in grayscale. Step 1 Open the image (children.jpg) Step 2 Select color replacement tool Set foreground color white Use a big brush size Color entire image. (Appearance will be grayscale) Step 3 Select history brush tool Use a small brush size Color only the girl carefully Step 4 Save the image
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

46

Photoshop CS 3

PAINT AND EDIT TOOLS

Paint bucket tool
The Paint Bucket tool fills adjacent pixels that are similar in color value to the pixels you click. It works in a similar way to the magic wand tool, but un this case filling adjoining pixels that fall within the tolerance setting. You can use the paint bucket tool within a selection or on the entire image. Tolerance: The tolerance defines how similar in color a pixel must be to be filled. To use the Paint Bucket tool Values can range from 0 to 255. A low tolerance fills Choose a foreground color. pixels within a range of color Select the Paint Bucket tool. values very similar to the Enter the tolerance for the fill. pixel you click. A high Click the part of the image you want to fill. All specified pixels within the tolerance fills pixels within a broader range. specified tolerance are filled with the foreground color or pattern.

original image

Paint bucket dialog box

???

Brush Tools

47

FILLING AND STROKING

Filling
You can use the fill dialog box to fill a whole layer or a selection. The main difference between the fill dialog box and paint bucket is tolerance. There is no tolerance on the fill dialog box. It means your layer or selection will be covered by the color that you specify on the fill dialog box. On the fill dialog box you can use your foreground color, background color or specify the color. It's also possible to use a pattern.

Fill dialog box

original image

Paint bucket applied

Fill color applied

48

Photoshop CS 3

Stroking
You can use the stroke command to paint a colored border around a selection, layer, or path. Stroke can be used to set off a photo with a frame or highlight a section of an image or stroke an image layer. By using stroke you can: Set a frame for your photo Highlight a section of an image Stroke an image layer Select the area or layer. Choose Edit > Stroke. In the Stroke dialog box, specify the width of the border. For Location, specify whether to place the border inside, outside, or centered over the selection or layer boundaries.

Stroke dialog box

Brush Tools

49

Gradient tool
The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. You fill an area with a gradient by dragging in the image. The starting point and ending point affect the gradient appearance, depending on the Gradient tool used. To apply a gradient fill 1. To fill part of the image, select the desired area. Otherwise, the gradient fill is applied to the entire active layer. 2. Select the Gradient tool . 3. Choose a gradient fill in the options bar: 4. Select an option for applying the gradient fill in the options bar:

Linear

Radial

Angle

Reflected

Diamond

5. Position the pointer in the image where you want to set the starting point of the gradient, and drag to define the ending point.

original image

Gradient dialog box

50

Photoshop CS 3

Clone stamp tool

The Clone Stamp tool takes a sample of an image, which you can then apply over another image or part of the same image. You can also clone part of one layer over another layer. The size of the area copied depends on the brush size. The clone stamp tool is useful for duplicating an object or removing a fault on an image. Cloning boat Step 1 Open the file (clone.jpg) Step 2 Select the Clone Stamp tool. Press Alt key and hold your finger. The mouse icon will change to target sign. Set the duplicating point by positioning the pointer on the image and click. Step 3 Drag over the area of the image you want to copy. You can release your finger and continue from another part any time. If you copy more than you need, you can use art brush tool to correct your mistake instead of to go back and redo cloning. Step 4 Save your image
Step 2 Step 1

Step 3

Step 4

Brush Tools

51

Patch tools
The Patch tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern. Like the Healing Brush tool, the Patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels. You can also use the Patch tool to clone isolated areas of an image. The patch tool can be useful for removing date and time stamps on the bottom of a photo.

original image

Selected Patch

Spot Healing Brush Tool

The Spot Healing Brush works similarly to the Healing Brush. Unlike the Healing Brush, the Spot Healing Brush doesn't require you to specify a sample spot. The Spot Healing Brush automatically samples from around the retouched area.

Healing Brush Tool

The Healing Brush works same as the Clone Stamp tool. But it also copies the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels.

Red Eye Tool

The red-eye effect is the common appearance of red eyes on photographs taken with a photographic flash when the flash is too close to the lens. This simple tool repairs red eyes. The only think you need to do is to select eyes of the people then it will reduce red color automatically. To remove red eye: Select the Red Eye tool in the tool bar. Remove the red in each eye by making a selection. Sometimes the Red Eye Tool leaves some red behind. In that case just undo and try again.

Original

Selecting eyes

Happy end

52

Photoshop CS 3

Dodge, Burn and Sponge

The Dodge, Burn and Sponge tools make colors lighter or darker when you click them on a part of your image. Dodge fades the color to white, Burn darkens to black and Sponge makes the original color brighter.

Dodge: The Dodge tool allows you to lighten an image by dragging your mouse across it. It sets highlights to lighten your image. Burn: The burn tool works like the opposite of the dodge tool. This tool allows you to darken portions of the canvas by dragging over them. The Burn Tool is used to give shadows to darken your image. Sponge: The Sponge Tool enables you to desaturate/saturate your image. Making flame Step 1 Create a new document (400x300 px.). Set background color black. By using the marquee tool make a rectangular shape near the bottom. Step 2 Set foreground color orange and background color red. Fill your rectangle by using gradient tool. Deselect. (Ctrl + D) Step 3 Select the smudge tool. Click inside the red area and drag your mouse upward. Repeat draging till end of your rectangel. Step 4 Use a small brush of paint tool. Set foreground color yellow. Paint near top ends of your flames. Step 5 Select smudge tool and reduce brush size. Blend the tops of the flames. Drag downward to blend color. Use short random strokes. Step 6 Select the burn tool. Set the range of burn tool to 'Highlights' and Exposure to 9%. Set a large brush size and add some shaded areas. Save your flame. Brush Tools 53

ERASER TOOLS
Eraser tool
The Eraser tool changes pixels in the image as you drag through them. If you're working in the background or in a layer with transparency locked, the pixels change to the background color; otherwise, the pixels are erased to transparency. You can also use the eraser to return the affected area to a state selected in the History palette.

To use the Eraser tool 1. Select the Eraser tool . 2. Do the following in the options bar: Choose a brush and set brush options. This option is not available for Block mode. Choose a mode for the eraser-Brush, Pencil, or Block. Specify an opacity to define the strength of the erasure. An opacity of 100% erases pixels completely. A lower opacity erases pixels partially. In Brush mode, specify a flow rate. Flow specifies how quickly paint is applied by the tool. In Brush mode, click the airbrush button to use the brush as an airbrush. To erase to a saved state or snapshot of the image, click the left column of the state or snapshot in the History palette, and then select Erase To History in the options bar. 3. Drag through the area you want to erase.

Background Eraser Tool

The Background Eraser tool lets you erase pixels on a layer to transparency as you drag; this allows you to erase the background while maintaining the edges of an object in the foreground. By specifying different sampling and tolerance options, you can control the range of the transparency and the sharpness of the boundaries.

The background eraser samples the color in the center of the brush, also called the hot spot, and deletes that color wherever it appears inside the brush. It also performs color extraction at the edges of any foreground objects, so that color halos are not visible if the foreground object is later pasted into another image.

54

Photoshop CS 3

Magic Eraser Tool

When you click in a layer with the Magic Eraser tool, the tool automatically changes all similar pixels. If you're working in the background, or in a layer with locked transparency, the pixels change to the background color; otherwise, the pixels are erased to transparency. You can choose to erase contiguous pixels only or all similar pixels on the current layer.

To use the Magic Eraser tool 1. Select the Magic Eraser tool . 2. Do the following in the options bar: Enter a tolerance value to define the range of colors that can be erased. A low tolerance erases pixels within a range of color values very similar to the pixel you click. A high tolerance erases pixels within a broader range. Select Anti-aliased to smooth the edges of the area you erase. Select Contiguous to erase only pixels contiguous to the one you click, or deselect to erase all similar pixels in the image. Select Sample All Layers to sample the erased color using combined data from all visible layers. Specify an opacity to define the strength of the erasure. An opacity of 100% erases pixels completely. A lower opacity erases pixels partially. 3. Click in the part of the layer you want to erase.

original image

save as dialog box

Brush Tools

55

Practice 1
1. ?????????

2. ?????????

Brush Tools

57

1. Which of the following is not a way to fill a selection? a. Edit > Fill > Foreground Color b. Alt + Backspace c. Paint Bucket d. Select > Inverse 2. What does the Eyedropper tool do? a. Fills the selection b. Selects the color at the cursor c. Removes red-eye d. Selects the eyes of people on the picture 3. Which of the following is NOT correct? a. The Pencil tool can create hard-edged lines. b. The Pencil tool can create soft-edged lines. c. The Brush tool can create hard-edged lines. d. The Brush tool can create soft-edged lines. 4. You can use the ..................... to paint a colored border around a selection, layer, or path. a. Clone tool b. Stroke command c. Patch tool d. Fill command 5. Which of the following tool is NOT a eraser tool? a. Eraser tool b. Magic eraser tool c. Background eraser tool d. Foreground eraser tool

6. The tool that lets you select an area of an image and then paint with that area is called a. Clone b. Duplicate c. Copy d. Patch 7. "B" is the keyboard shortcut for: a. Blur b. Lasso tool c. Brush tool d. Bevel 8. The ................... tool paints with stylized strokes, using the source data from a specified history state or snapshot. a. Art History Brush b. Brush c. Paint Brush d. Pencil 9. Master diameter ...................... . a. Opacity b. Size c. Hardness d. Color determines the brush

L AY E R S - L AY E R S E F F E C T
LAYER ESSENTIALS NEW LAYER MOVING LAYER RENAMING LAYER DUPLICATE LAYER DELETE LAYER HIDE - UNHIDE LOCK - UNLOCK Practice Summary Questions

LAYERS - LAYER EFFECTS

Layer Essentials
Layers in Photoshop are just like layers of acetate where each image has its own layer to build up a composite image. Each layer has its own transparency, position and can be edited independently. Layers are fundamental part of Photoshop and it is essential for us to learn how they interact well if we want to use Photoshop effectively. Layers are just like layers of acetate where each image has its own layer to build up a composite image. Each layer has its own transparency, position and can be edited independently. Layer Window 1. Set the blending mode for the layer 2. A layer's opacity determines to what degree it obscures or reveals the layer beneath it. A layer with 1% opacity appears nearly transparent, whereas one with 100% opacity appears completely opaque. 3. Fill opacity affects pixels painted in a layer or shapes drawn on a layer without affecting the opacity of any layer effects that have been applied to the layer. 4. Layer options window 5. Hide / unhide 6. Layer preview and layer name 7. Link layers 8. Add a layer style 9. Add layer mask 10. Create new fill or adjustment layer. 11. Create a new group 12. Create a new layer 13. Delete layer 1 2 3 5 6 4

7
Layer palette

9 8 10

11 12

13

60

Photoshop CS 3

New layer
To create a new layer, we simply click on new layer icon or Layer ' New ' Layer. Once we do that, a new layer is created on the top of our layer stack.

layer menu

New layer dialog box

Moving layer
Now let's open another image and using selection tools we have learnt before, make a selection. Notice that the layer panel now shows us the layer(s) of this document. To copy a selection or a layer from one document to another, the easiest method is drag and drop method. Using the move tool let's drag the pigeon to our document.

Dublicate layer menu

Renaming layer
Now on layers panel we can see two layers. Double clicking on its name, let's rename this layer as pigeon.

Duplicate layer
If we want to duplicate this layer we should either right click on it and duplicate it or follow Layer'Duplicate Layer path.
Dublicate layer menu dialog box

Delete layer
If we want to delete a layer we can right click on the layer on the layer panel and delete it, as well as drag and drop it to the trash bin which is located at the right bottom corner of the panel.

Delete layer

Layers-Layers Effect

61

BACKGROUND LAYERS
Every image by default has a background layer. It is different than any other layer that we work with. It can not be removed, it can not be deleted and it can not be transparent. It is at the bottom of layers stack and locked for editing. When we create an image following "File' New" path, if we select "White" or "Background Color" we will see that the document will have a background layer. On the other hand; if we select "Transparent" there will be no background layer but "Layer 1". The background layers do not support transparency, which means when we make a selection on the background layer and delete it, we fill the selection with the current background color.

If we want the background layer to be editable, we need to convert it to a layer. To do this, we need to double click on the "Background" layer on the "Layers Panel" and name the new layer. Now we have an editable new layer which supports transparency. Notice that the name of the layer has changed and the deleted part becomes transparent. Sometimes we might need to convert a layer to a background layer as well. In such cases you need to follow "Layer' New ' Background from Layer" path.

62

Photoshop CS 3

To create a new layer, we simply click on new layer icon. Once we do that, a new layer is created on the top of our layer stack.

We can draw edit this layer as we wish. In this case, let's draw on it using brush tool.

Notice that when we disable the layer visibility, we see our layer separately.

Layers-Layers Effect

63

If we want to delete a layer we can right click on the layer on the layer panel and delete it, as well as drag and drop it to the trash bin which is located at the left bottom corner of the panel.

Now let's open another image and using selection tools we have learnt before, make a selection. Notice that the layer panel now shows us the layer(s) of this document.

To copy a selection or a layer from one document to another, the easiest method is drag and drop method. Using the move tool let's drag the pigeon to our document. 64 Photoshop CS 3

Now on layers panel we can see two layers. Double clicking on its name, let's rename this layer as pigeon.

Notice that when pigeon layer is highlighted we can use move tool to reposition our pigeon.

If we want to duplicate this layer we should either right click on it and duplicate it or follow Layer'Duplicate Layer path. Layers-Layers Effect 65

Once we duplicate the layer, pigeon copy appeared on the layers panel. Using move tool let's reposition this layer.

Following Image' Adjustments' Hue/Saturation path or simply using CTRL+U keystroke, let's invoke Hue/Saturation window and color the pigeon.

Let's repeat the previous steps so that we have 3 pigeon layers with the proper names. 66 Photoshop CS 3

Now rotate our pigeons a bit. To do that we should group these three layers. First we need to select all these layers using shift+click from the layers panel. Then following Layer' Group Layer path, we can group the selected layers.

Notice that all three layers are grouped in Group 1 group. Now let's rotate these layers following Edit' Free Transform path.

Groups can be renamed by double clicking on them. Let's rename our group as pigeons. We need to click on the little triangle next to the group icon to see the layers in that group.

Layers-Layers Effect

67

We should right click on the group and select Ungroup Layers from the popup menu if we want to ungroup our layers.

Notice that all layers are separate and each of them can be edited/moved/rotated independently.

68

Photoshop CS 3

Opacity

To understand what opacity of a layer is, let's insert a custom shape to our document.

Notice that the shape acquires the foreground color. Shape 1 layer is visible on the layers panel and it is currently selected since it is highlighted.

Opacity

Now let's lower the opacity value of the layer to 50 and see the effect. (Note= You can alter the opacity value of a layer also by typing a value from the keyboard when it is selected.)

Opacity value - %46

Now let's insert two more shape layers with different colors and locate them as in the following picture.(fig etc)

Let's decrease the opacity values of these layers to 50 and see the effect.

Layers-Layers Effect

69

Fill
While opacity adjusts how opaque a layer, fill opacity affects pixels painted in a layer or shapes drawn on a layer without affecting the opacity of any layer effects that have been applied to the layer. The minor difference between the two is while layer effects are effected by layer opacity, fill doesn't effect them at all.

Fill

Fill value - %44

70

Photoshop CS 3

Practice

1. "Layers" in Photoshop are: a. Filters that have been applied to the image b. Images stacked on top of each other c. Color models d. Color and brightness correction 2. Which of the following way CAN'T bring up the Layer Styles/Blending Options dialog box? a. Double Click on the layer's longbar in the layers palette (not the name) b. Right click on the layer longbar and choose Blending Options c. Use the lower left fly-up menu and choose a layer style d. Double click on the layer icon itself

72

Photoshop CS 3

TYPE
TYPE TOOL TYPE MASK TOOL PRACTICE BLENDING OPTIONS Practice Summary Questions

Type tool

You can create and edit type directly in the image window. The type you create is preserved as vector outlines or paths which means that Photoshop can output type with sharp, resolution-independent edges. You can choose different alignments vertically and horizontally for type. To edit text select the Horizontal Type tool. Click directly into the text you want to change.

Type tool

Character pallette

Warp type
Photoshop provides a variety of preset type warps that you can customize to suit your requirement.

Warp text dialog box

Warp text menu

Applied warp text

74

Photoshop CS 3

Type mask tool

The masked type option allows you to create complex selections in the shape of type characters.

Type tool

Edit type mask

Selected type mask

Moved type mask

Final type mask image

Type

75

Blending options

Blending options dialog box

Advanced blending options allow you to customize layer styles and blend selected contents from multiple layers. There are many ways to blend layers using Adobe Photoshop or ImageReady, and understanding each option will help you determine the best solution for your images. This technical guide illustrates the Blend Clipped Layers as Group and the Blend Interior Effects as Group advanced blending options available in the Layer Style dialog box and the Layer Options palette

Choosed properties dialog box Applied blending options

76

Photoshop CS 3

Extra info

Character palette The character palette to change the settings for selected text.

Extra info

Paragraph palette The paragraph palette are more useful when you are working with Paragraph type consisting of one or more paragraphs.

Extra info

Style palette The style palette has different useful style. Type 77

Practice

Type

79

1. You can NOT a. Change the color of text b. Bend a text c. Change embedded text on JPG files d. Change text alignment 2. The _______________ allows you to create complex selections in the shape of type characters. a. Type mask tool b. Horizontal type tool c. Vertical type tool d. Warp text tool 3. Which of the following is NOT a warp text type? a. Arc b. Flag c. Fish d. Cat 4. Which of the following is NOT a way to edit a text? a. Click directly into the text with text tool. b. Double click on the 'T' icon on the layer. c. Right click > Edit text d. None of above

80

Photoshop CS 3

PEN-SHAPE TOOLS
PEN TOOLS SHAPE TOOLS Practice Summary Questions

Pen Tools
You can use the Pen tool to create paths. When you start to create a path it appears as a `work path` in the Paths palette. A work path is only a temporary path.

Pen tool

original image

Applied pen tool

82

Photoshop CS 3

Shape tools
You can use the Vector Shape tools to create geometrical shapes and custom shapes. Vector shapes are resizable without losing clarity. By using vector shape, you can draw rectangle, ellipse, polygon, line, arrows, frames, talk bubbles and symbols.

Shape tool

Free layer

Drew shapes

Pen-Shape Tools

83

Practice

Pen-Shape Tools

85

1. The _______ tool creates anchor points. a. Pen b. Shape c. Text d. Lasso 2. Which of the following is NOT a shape tool a. Rectangle tool b. Ellipse tool c. Line tool d. Triangle tool 3. Which tool lets you set number of sides for the shape a. Rectangle tool b. Ellipse tool c. Polygon tool d. Triangle tool

4. Clicking on shape pop up triangle to access a. Shape options b. Shape library c. Shape vectors d. Shape color

lets you

86

Photoshop CS 3

CHANNEL-MASKS
CHANNEL MASKS Practice Summary Questions

CHANNELS
What are channels?
When we look at a colored image on our monitor, we see from millions of color tones depending on the image format. If the color mode is RGB for instance, each channel keeps color information for red, green and blue. If 8 bits are used for each channel, 256x256x256 17 million different colors can be produced thanks to the combination of each color.

An image can be called as a channel sandwich In Photoshop, each channel may get values between 0 and 255. Red, Green and Blue channels with the value of 255, together produce a white image. On the contrary, 0 value for each channel fill produce a black image. This also means that if we want to decrease the effect of a specific color on the final image, we should increase its value, in other words we should make it darker.

Why channels?
There might be some cases when we have to deal with issues which require sharpening and blurring at the same time. No filters or adjustment techniques might help us in such cases. Solution is easy when we deal with each problematic channel one by one. So we separate our document into channels and edit each channel and make the adjustments required.

88

Photoshop CS 3

Masks
When a selection mask is made in Photoshop, the mask is an 8-bit grayscale image. When we save a selection within the file, Photoshop stores it as a channel.

Quick Mask Mode

Quick mask mode is a powerful way of selection in Photoshop. It is a selection based on the masking of the desired portion of an image. In Quick Mask mode lets you create a 50% red semi-transparent selection.

Channel-Masks

89

Practice

Channel-Masks

91

92

Photoshop CS 3

F I LT E R S
INTRODUCTION TO FILTERS LIQUIFY PATTERN MAKER TYPES OF FILTERS PRACTICE Practice Summary Questions

FILTERS

Settings

Image preview

Filter interface
Filter tabs Thumbnail

What are Filters?

Filters are little programs within Photoshop that adds functionality to Photoshop itself. For example, Photoshop in fact does not have any capability of adding "Dry Brush" effect to our artwork. That is done by additional plug-in that is installed with Photoshop. By default, some hundreds of plug-ins are installed, as well as we can install additional plug-ins later on. Since the plug-ins will be loaded with Photoshop and consume a certain amount of RAM, we should be careful about installing new plug-ins. If we do not want the plug-ins, which are already installed, to be loaded to the main memory with Photoshop, we can move these plug-ins into another folder.

Filter menu

94

Photoshop CS 3

Non-destructive Filtering
Destructive editing occurs is when we change original pixels of our image. For example, using an adjustment layer to do saturation is a non-destructive edit, whilst doing saturation with a menu command is a destructive edit. So, since filtering the image alters its pixels forever, we should use filters on either a copy of the image, a copy of the layer, whenever possible. This copy of the image which we use for filtering can then become a Filter Layer:
Destructive editing
Making an adjustment through a menu command

Non-D Destructive editing

Adding an Adjustment Layer Using a layer mask Painting on another layer over your image "Use all layers" clone on a new layer Filtering a duplicated layer of your image (a filter layer) Making a Merged Visibles layer

Erasing part of a layer Painting on your image Cloning on your image Filtering your image Flattening your image

Destructive and nondestructive editing table

LIQUIFY
Working with Liquify Tool Options
The Liquify Tool options control the brush tip. Since all the Liquify commands are executed with a brush, it's important to understand how you control the brush tip. When you apply the brush stroke the faster you drag the mouse the less effect is applied to the image; if you drag slowly, you gain more control and the effect is more intense. Practice dragging the cursor over the image to produce different effects

Filters

95

TYPES OF FILTERS
Artistic Commond

Filter-Artistic-Poster edge property

Brush Strokes

Filter - Brush strokes - ink outlines

96

Photoshop CS 3

Distort

Filter - Distort - Ocean ripple

Sketch

Filter - Sketch - Bas relief

Filters

97

Stylize

Filter - Stylize - Glowing edge

Texture

Filter - texture - texturize

98

Photoshop CS 3

Practice

Orjinal Picture

1. You are attempting to apply a filter but that filter is grayed out. Why? a. You need to make a selection first before using the filter b. The document is in color mode that won't allow that filter to run c. You have a Type layer selected d. The layer has Lock Transparent Pixels turned on 2. Which filter lets you create a Zoom blur? a. Lens Blur b. Radial Blur c. Motion Blur d. Smart Blur

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of filter? a. Blur b. Sharpen c. Render d. Warp 4. On the top of filter menu stands a. Last used filter b. Most used filter c. Random filter d. No filter 5. Which of the following is NOT correct about filters? a. Filters can be applied to entire image b. Filters can be applied to selections c. All the filters are available in CMYK mode. d. Filters are not available in Bitmap mode. Photoshop CS 3

100

WEB IMAGES AND A N I M AT I O N S

WEB IMAGES ANIMATIONS Practice Summary Questions

Web images (gif - jpg)

The size of picture and quality are the most important criteria for web images. Save for web options is a useful tool to optimize file size. Now you will see how different optimize types effects the pictures. Depending on the file format, you can specify image quality, background transparency or matting, color display. GIF: GIF is best for vector drawings and screenshots. On high quality pictures and gradient pictures, it doesn't give good results. Best for 8 bit (256 colors) images. Here you will see 64, 128, 256 color gifs with original file. JPG: The most used photo and web images format. JPG supports up to 32 bit (16.7 million colors). Quality determines distortion of the image. Low quality will give more distorted images. For web applications 50, 60 is quite well. And the file size will be small enough. Following samples show jpg files in different qualities.

original image

Web image command

102

Photoshop CS 3

Applied image size

Save for web devices preview

Web Images and Animations

103

ANIMATIONS
Animations can range from the very simple to the very complex. Try to keep your animations simple at the outset. Remember that animations effect, if used indiscriminately on Web pages, can be distracting and as a result lose their intended impact. 1. Create in image in Photoshop as in this example. Use layers as the basis for the animation. The layers you create form the basic building blocks for the animation. Put elements you want to animate on separate layers. 2. Duplicate 5 times layer. Hide any layers containing elements you do not want to appear the start of the animation. 3. Choose window - animation to show the animation palette if it is not already showing. Choose New Frame from the palette`s pop-up menu, or click the new frame button.

Create new page

Insert type one by one layer

Layers palette

4
Dublicate animation layer

Setting animation (selects frame delay time)

Hide and unhide layer

7
Final animation

104

Photoshop CS 3

Practice

1. Which of the following is a common web image format? a. PSD b. TIFF c. JPG d. EPS

3. Animations consist of ______________. a. Frames b. Sounds c. Levels d. Colors 4. Animations can be saved in

2. Which of the following can be done by using Adobe ImageReady? a. Movie b. Animation c. Web site d. MP3 106

a. HTML b. EPS c. GIF d. TIFF

Photoshop CS 3

IMAGE SETTING
PHOTOSHOP EXTRA PHOTOSHOP CS3 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

1. PDF PRESENTATION
PDF presentation
PDF presentations are becoming more and more popular. I guess it's nicer to send one complete PDF file to client that is put in order rather than sending a bunch of individual jpegs. If you have your jpegs ready there is a very quick and easy way to put them into a PDF file using Photoshop. Open all the files. Select File/ Automate/ PDF Presentation. You will have an option to include all open files on the very top of the window, switch it on. Now, drag around the files names in the window to put the images in order. You can select from the options to have a simple multi page document or a slideshow with transition and timing. The latter is great for porfolios, but will only display properly if your client is using Acrobat Reader. Otherwise it will be a simple multi-page document. In the next dialog window you will have many options. One useful feature is to give a password to protect the document. Unfortunately this feature makes the document lose its thumbs in Preview.
PDF Presentation menu

Save picture menu

Dialog box Save Adobe PDF dialog box (with settings)

108

Photoshop CS 3

2. CONTACT SHEET
A contact sheet is an alternate option for multiple image printing. A contact sheet can be created for a folder of images and can include images in subfolders if desired. To create a contact sheet, choose File > Automate > Contact Sheet II and browse to locate the folder to use. Check the Include All Subfolders option to include images in all subfolders. Use Contact Sheet II if you want... all the images the same size, or every image to be unique, or to print the file name below the image.

Contact sheet II dialog box

Final contact sheet II image

Image Setting

109

3. PICTURE PACKAGE
The picture package command enables you to print multiple copies of an image, at various sizes, on a single sheet of paper. When you need to print multiple images in Photoshop CS3, use the Picture Package feature to save time and paper. For example, suppose you need to print a dozen images, each at 4 x 5 inches. Printing each on a separate sheet of paper takes 12 sheets and 12 print cycles. Choose File --> Automate --> Picture Package to put four 4 x 5 images on a single page, and you use three sheets of paper and wait through only three print cycles. Photoshop CS3 Picture Package creates zones on a sheet of paper and places copies of the selected image, sized to fit within the area of the layout you select, in each zone. You can click each of the zones to select a different image or leave Picture Package set to print multiple copies of a single image. Here are some tips for working efficiently with Picture Package:

Picture package dialog box with settings

Picture package dialog box

Final picture package image

110

Photoshop Extra

Photoshop CS 3 110

4. MERGE TO HDR
With the files now in either 8 or 16 bit mode, and on disk in a standard Photoshop readable format, you invoke the Merge to HDR function from the File / Automate menu. The acronym HDR stands for High Dynamic Range. In Adobe's implementation within Photoshop CS3 this is accomplished by using a series of photographs which one takes in the same manner as with previous blending techniques, and then using floating point 32 bit (per channel) math, merging these files automatically into one huge high dynamic range image.

Merge HDR dialog box

Merge HDR setting dialog box (insert pictures)

Merge to HDR dialog box

Final merged to HDR image

Image Setting

111

5. PHOTOMERGE
PS CS has an amazing new feature that helps you create panoramas, which can be very impressive, because they break out of the usual perspective that we are used to see. Wide angle lenses can create a cool effect, but nothing can beat a well done panorama. The panoramic format has always interested photographers, and with Photoshop's Photomerge automation, anyone can shoot high-resolution panoramic photos. Getting it to work smoothly, however, takes practice. With a few simple procedures on the shooting end, the composited images will work seamlessly together.

Photomerge dialog box

Choosed photomerge setting dialog box

Photomerge insert pictures dialog box

Setting Photomerge window

Final photomerged image

112

Photoshop CS 3

PHOTOSHOP CS3 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

Path / Direct Selection Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Brush / Pencil / Color Replacement Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Crop Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Default Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Eraser Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Cycle Screen Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Gradient / Paint Bucket Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Hand Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Eyedropper / Sampler / Measure Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I Spot Healing / Healing / Patch / Red Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J Slice Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .K Lasso Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L Marquee Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M Notes / Audio Annotation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N Dodge / Burn / Sponge Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .O Pen / Freeform Pen Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P Standard / Quick Mask Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Q Blur / Sharpen / Smudge Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .R Clone / Pattern Stamp Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S Type Tool (Vertical / Horizontal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T Shape Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U Move Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V Magic Wand Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W Switch Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X History / Art History Brush Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Y Zoom Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Z Hand Tool (toggle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Space Zoom In (toggle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Space Zoom Out (toggle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alt+Space Refine Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alt+Ctrl+R Clear (selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Delete / Backspace Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+C Copy Merged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+C Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+X Free Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+T

Image Setting

113

Paste

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+V

Undo/Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Z Step Backward (History) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Alt+Z Step Forward (History) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+Z Blending Options Layer Opacity 10% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+O 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 0

New Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+N Duplicate Layer (Group) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+Q Select All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+A Deselect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+D Inverse Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+ I Reselect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+D Zoom In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+ + Zoom In & Resize Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Alt+ + Zoom Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+ Zoom Out & Resize Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Alt+ All Palettes (show / hide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F5 Brushes Palette (show / hide) History (show / hide) Help

Color Palette (show / hide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F10 Layers Palette (show / hide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F1 Move View to Bottom Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .End Move View to Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Home Next Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Tab Previous Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+Tab Close File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+W / Ctrl+F4 Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Q / Alt+F4 New Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+N Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+O Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+P Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+S Save As . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Shift+S Save for Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S

114

Photoshop Extra

Photoshop CS 3 114

IMAGE SETTING
Typing Wallpaper Album Greating Card 3D bar Autumn Metal Dodge Jeep Mountains New Bliss Preplet Ring Sun Under Water

116

Photoshop CS 3

Project

117

118

Photoshop CS 3

Project

119

120

Photoshop CS 3

Project

121

122

Photoshop CS 3

Project

123

124

Photoshop CS 3

Project

125

126

Photoshop CS 3

Project

127

128

Photoshop CS 3

Project

129

130

Photoshop CS 3

Project

131

132

Photoshop CS 3

Project

133

134

Photoshop CS 3