Part B Paper 1 General Ship Knowledge (3 hrs, 50% pass)

-Continue function 1 Ship Stability 1. Wor ing nowledge and appli!ation o" stability, trim, stress tables, diagrams and stress calculating equipment. #. $nderstanding o" the "%nda&entals o" watertight integrity. 3. Stability criteria. '%ll "or& Coefficients, displacement, deadweight, lightweight. Curves and tables o" displa!e&ent and (P). Load Line &ar ings. Density, Relative Density, Archimedes principle, flotation. *""e!ts o" density o" water on draught and freeboard. !A, D!A. (he &arine hydrometer and its %ses. "uoyancy, reserve buoyancy, partial loss of intact buoyancy. +. #ransverse stability, -e"initions o" .$., ."., and .%.. &quilibrium positions o" .G., .B., and ./.. Righting lever and righting moment. 5. Stability information, Sta0ilit1 in"or&ation s%pplied to ships. $ses o" hydrostatic data "or sta0ilit1, dra%ght and tri&. Adding and removing weights. ree surface effect, danger o" sla! tan s.

1. -e"initions i. Weight is a "or!e and is the prod%!t o" &ass and a!!eleration d%e to earth2s gra3it1. *4pressed in 5ewtons (5). W6 / 47 ii. iii. i3. 3. 3i. 3ii. 3iii. i4. 4. 4i. /ass e4pressed in Kilogra&s (Kg) 8or!e the prod%!t o" &ass and a!!eleration /o&ent the prod%!t o" "or!e and distan!e /o&ent 6 weight 4 distan!e 9 9ength B Breadth - -epth d -ra%ght -ispla!e&ent the weight o" 3essel 6 the &ass o" water displa!ed -ispla!e&ent 6 :ol%&e 4 densit1 -eadweight -eadweight 6 8%ll loaded displa!e&ent light displa!e&ent -ensit1 &ass per %nit 3ol%&e e4pressed as g per !%0i! &eter

4ii. 4iii. 4i3. 43.

Spe!i"i! gra3it1 (SG) ; <elati3e densit1 (in Kg per !%0i! &eter) SG = densit1 o" s%0stan!e ; 1000 7r!hi&edes2 Prin!iple. When a 0od1 is wholl1 or partiall1 i&&ersed in a "l%id. >t appears to s%""er a loss o" &ass e?%al to the &ass o" the "l%id it displa!es. <eser3e 0%o1an!1 (<B) the watertight 3ol%&e a0o3e the waterline. <B (in /3) 6 (otal 3ol%&e 3ol%&e o" displa!e&ent

)enter o" B%o1an!1 (B) the geo&etri!al !enter o" the %nderwater 3ol%&e and the point thro%gh whi!h the total "or!e d%e to 0%o1an!1 &a1 0e !onsidered to a!t 3erti!all1 %pwards. (he position o" B &a1 0e !al!%lated 01 Si&pson2s r%les 43i. :aria0le i&&ersion h1dro&eter. 7n instr%&ent 0ased on the law o" 7r!hi&edes to deter&ine the densit1 o" li?%ids. >t is &ade o" non !orrosi3es &aterial and !onsists o" a weighted 0%l0 with a narrow re!tang%lar ste& whi!h !arries a s!ale "or &eas%ring densit1. 7s densit1 o" water in!reases, the h1dro&eter will "loat higher, and a larger densit1 s!ale will 0e read. 43ii. )enter o" Gra3it1 (G) the point o" a 0od1 at whi!h all the &ass o" the 0od1 &a1 0e ass%&ed to 0e !on!entrated. >t is also the point thro%gh whi!h the "or!e o" gra3it1 (e?%als the weight o" 0od1) a!t 3erti!all1 downward. >t is also the point the 0od1 wo%ld 0alan!e. When a weight is s%spended, its G is !onsidered to 0e at the point o" s%spension. 43iii. /eta!entre (/) = (he point where the 3erti!als thro%gh the !enter o" 0%o1an!1 at # !onse!%ti3e angles o" heel interse!t 4i4. 9ongit%dinal )enter o" 8lotation (8) or (9)8) (he point at whi!h the ship tri&, is the !enter o" gra3it1 o" the ware plane area. (ri&&ing &o&ents are ta en a0o%t 8, where rotation ta es pla!e. 44. 9ist = tan @6 GG1 ; G/ 44i. G/ >nitial (rans3erse /eta!entri! 'eight. When G is 0elow /, G/ is positi3e. 44ii. G/9 9ongit%dinal /eta!entri! 'eight G/9 ; GG1 6 9 ; !hange o" tri& 44iii. GA <ighting le3er. (he perpendi!%lar distan!e 0etween !enter o" gra3it1 (G) and the 3erti!al thro%gh the !enter o" 0%o1an!1 (B). 'owe3er "or large angle o" heel, "or!e o" 0%o1an!1 no longer a!t 3erti!all1 %pwards thro%gh /. GA 6 G/ 4 sin @ B"or s&all angle o" heelC GA 6 (G/ D 1;# B/ tan#@) sin @ B"or angle whi!h de! edge i&&ersed 5ew GA 6 Eld GA D GG1 sin @ BSta0ilit1 !%r3e, D when 3sl KG F ass%&ed KGC 44i3. K/ = 'eight o" the trans3erse &eta!entre a0o3e the eel. >t depends %pon the %nderwater "or& o" ship

443.

KG 'eight o" !enter o" gra3it1 a0o3e eel. 8inal KG 6 8inal &o&ent a0o3e eel ; 8inal displa!e&ent

443i. Shi"t o" !enter o" gra3it1 (GG1) in &eter. (he G o" a ship will &o3e parallel to the shi"t o" G o" an1 weight &o3ed within the ship. GG1 6 8inal &o&ent a0o%t !enterline ; 8inal displa!e&ent 443ii. KB 'eight o" !enter o" 0%o1an!1 a0o3e eel 8or 0o4 shapeG KB 6 (1;#) dra"t 8or shipG B 0elow !enterline 6 (1;3) 4 (d;# D :;WP7) 443iii. /o&ent o" Stati!al Sta0ilit1 &o&ent ta en a0o%t G to ret%rn the ship to the initial position when in!lined 01 e4ternal "or!e /o&ent o" Stati!al Sta0ilit1 6 W 4 GA 44i4. Waterplane )oe""i!ient ()w) ratio 0etween the waterplane area (7) and the area o" the !ir!%&s!ri0ing triangle. )w 6 7 ; (9 4 B) 444. Blo! )oe""i!ient ()0) ratio 0etween the %nderwater 3ol%&e (:) and the 3ol%&e o" !ir!%&s!ri0ing 0lo! . )0 6 : ; (9 4 B 4 d) 444i. Pris&ati! )oe""i!ient ratio 0etween the %nderwater 3ol%&e (:) and the 3ol%&e o0tained "ro& the prod%!t o" the 9BP and the %nderwater are o" the &idship se!tion (7&). >t indi!ates a 3essel2s shape at the ends. )p 6 : ; (9BP 4 7&) 6 )0 ; )& 444ii. /idship !oe""i!ient ratio o" the trans3erse area o" the &idship se!tion to a re!tangle ha3ing the sa&e 0readth and depths )& 6 7& ; B 4 d 444iii. (onnes per !enti&eter i&&ersion ((P)) the &ass (in tonne) to 0e loaded ; dis!harged to !hange the &ean dra%ght in salt water 01 1 !&. (P) 6 (Water Plane 7rea 4 densit1) ; 100 444i3. 8resh Water 7llowan!e !hange in &ean dra"t when ship sail "ro& SW to 8W 8W7 6 (Sea Water displa!e&ent) ; (+ 4 (P)) 4443. -o! Water 7llowan!e !hange in &ean dra"t when ship sail "ro& SW to -W -W7 6 8W7 4 (10#5 -ensit1 o" -W) ; #5 4443i. /o&ent to !hange (ri& 01 1 )enti&eter /)() 6 (W 4 G/9) ; (100 4 9) 4443ii. Bodil1 sin age or rise Weight ; (P)

#. *""e!t o" densit1 on dra"t. When densit1 o" water !hange, &ass o" water displa!ed will not 0e !hanged. So the dra"t &%st !hange to displa!e the sa&e &ass o" water. i. Bo4 shaped 3essel 5ew dra"t 6 Eld dra"t 4 Eld densit1 ; 5ew densit1 ii. Ship shaped 8W7 3. 9oadline &ar ing all lines is #5 && thi! i. -raw a !ir!le o%ter dia&eter 6 300 &&, !enter on s%&&er loadline ii. )enter o" !ir!le 3erti!all1 D stat%tor1 "ree0oard 6 de! line iii. -e! line 6 horiHontal 300 && long i3. 'oriHontal line di3iding the dis! 6 +50 && long 3. )enter o" dis! horiHontall1 right 5+0&& draw a 3erti!al line 3i. >n line with the horiHontal line o" the dis!, draw horiHontal line (#30&&) at the right hand side o" the 3erti!al line, na&ed ISJ, o" whi!h the %pper edge is the s%&&er dra"t. 3ii. ISJ line 3erti!all1 D 8W7 6 I8J line on the le"t o" 3erti!al line 3iii. (he se?%en!e 6 (8, 8, (, S, W, W57 +. *?%ili0ri%& i. Sta0le e?%ili0ri%& = 7 ship is said to 0e with positi3e sta0ilit1 i", when in!lined "or s&all angle o" heel, she tends to ret%rn to the initial position. (he !entre o" gra3it1 (G) &%st 0e 0elow the &eta!entre (/), i.e. a positi3e initial &eta!entri! height (G/). B%o1an!1 8or!e

B1

Weight (W)

When ship is in!lined to a s&all angle, position o" G re&ains %na""e!ted 01 the heel and "or!e o" gra3it1 a!t 3erti!all1 downwards thro%gh G. (he B &o3es o%t to the low side to B1 to ta e %p the new !enter o" gra3it1 o" the %nderwater 3ol%&e. (he "or!e o" 0%o1an!1 a!t 3erti!all1 %pwards thro%gh B 1 and /. (a e &o&ent a0o%t G, a &o&ent !alled &o&ent o" stati!al sta0ilit1 (6 W 4 GA) is to ret%rn the ship to the %pright. GA is the righting le3er and is the perpendi!%lar distan!e 0etween the G and the 3erti!al thro%gh the B. 7t a s&all angel o" heel (15 ), GA 6 G/ 4 sin @. ii. $nsta0le e?%ili0ri%& When a ship is in!lined to a s&all angle tends to heel o3er still "%rther, she is in %nsta0le e?%ili0ri%&. (he ship &%st ha3e a negati3e G/, i.e. G is a0o3e /. &o&ent o" stati!al sta0ilit1 (W 4 GA) is a !apsiHing &o&ent. iii. 5e%tral e?%ili0ri%& G !oin!ides with /. >" ship in!lined, she tends to re&ain at that angle o" heel. GA 6 0. /o&ent o" stati!al sta0ilit1 6 0. i3. )orre!ting %nsta0le e?%ili0ri%& a) Weight loaded 0elow G o" ship ; dis!harged a0o3e G o" ship 0) <e&o3e 8ree S%r"a!e *""e!t !) 9ower the weight in the ship 5. 7ngel o" loll

B%o1an!1 8or!e

B1

Weight (W)

i. ii. iii.

5egati3e initial G/ 7s angle o" heel in!reases, B &o3e o%t to the low side >" B &o3es o%t to position 3erti!all1 %nder G, !apsiHing &o&ent disappear

(he angle o" heel at whi!h this o!!%r is angle o" loll GA is Hero, G re&ains on !enter line >" ship is heel 0e1ond angle o" loll, B will &o3e "%rther and she will 0e ret%rn to angle o" loll K. 8ree S%r"a!e *""e!t i. Within a sla! tan , G o" water shi"t when ship in!line ii. *""e!ti3e G/ red%!ed 01 GG3 (G o" ship shi"t o"" !enter line 01 GG1) iii. 5egati3e G/ &a1 0e res%lted and ship heel 01 the angle o" loll i3. G o" ship sho%ld 0e lower 3. Sla! tan s sho%ld 0e topped %p. 8ill %p s&all tan "irst. 8ill %p low side tan "irst. L. )hange o" dra"t "orward and a"t i. )al!%late the 0odil1 sin age ; rise ( 6 w ; (P)) ii. )al!%late the !hange o" tri& ( 6 tri& &o&ent ; /)()) iii. )hange o" dra"t a"t d%e tri& 6 B(length a"t to 8) ; (length o" ship)C M (!hange o" tri&) i3. 8inal dra"t 6 Eld dra"t D 0odil1 sin age D !hange d%e tri&

i3. 3. 3i.

Past N%estionsG 1OO0 1. 7 3essel o" 1#000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" L.+&. She plans to wor the "ollowing !argoG load #00 tonnes at Kg 5.L& load 1#00 tonnes at Kg +.P& load K50 tonnes at Kg 0.5& load +010 tonnes at Kg P.#& dis!harge #50 tonnes "ro& Kg L.#& dis!harge 1#50 tonnes "ro& Kg 5.0& dis!harge +00 tonnes "ro& Kg 10.#& trans"er #000 tonnes "ro& Kg 1.#& to Kg 10.#&. )al!%late her "inal G/. K/ is !onstant at P.#&. Weight 1#,000 #00 1,#00 Kg L.+ 5.L +.P /o&ent PP,P00 1,1+0 5,LK0

K50 +,010 =#50 =1,#50 =+00 =#,000 #,000 1K,1K0

0.5 P.# L.# 5.0 10.# 1.# 10.#

3#5 3#,PP# =1,P00 =K,#50 =+,0P0 =#,+00 #0,+00 13+,LLL

8inal Kg 6 (otal &o&ent; (otal weight 6 13+,LLL;1K,1K0 6 P.3+& 8inal G/ 6 K/ 8inal KG 6 P.#=P.3+ 6 0.1+&

#. 7 3essel o" P000 tonnes displa!e&ent is to dis!harge a K0 tonne weight "ro& the !entre line o" her lower hold (Kg 1.5&) %sing her own derri! . Gi3en that the height o" the derri! head is 30 &etres a0o3e the eel and that KG is L.5& and K/ P.0&, )al!%lateG (i) the ships KG when the weight is in s%spension in the lower hold (ii) the ships KG when the weight is at de! le3el (iii) the list when the weight has 0een sw%ng o%t 1#.0& "ro& the !entre line. (i) Weight P,000 =K0 K0 P,000

Kg L.5 1.5 30

/o&ent K0,000 =O0 1,P00 K1,L10

8inal KG 6 /o&ent; Weight 6 K1,L10; P,000 6 L.L1& (ii) KG %n!hanged (i.e. L.L1&) (iii) 8inal G/ 6 K/ 8inal KG 6 P.0 L.L1 6 0.#O& GG1 6 9ist &o&ent ; (otal weight 6 K041#;P,000 6 0.0O&

(an (angle o" list) 6 GG1; 8inal G/ 6 0.0O;0.#O 7ngle o" list 6 1L.5 deg

3. 7 3essel is "loating in do! water o" relati3e densit1 1.0#& with the %pper edge o" her s%&&er loadline s%0&erged 01 10&&. Gi3en that her (P)615 and 8W76150&&, !al!%late how &%!h !argo to load to rea!h her s%&&er displa!e&ent. -W7;8W7 6 (1.0#5=1.0#0);(1.0#5=1.000) -W76 0.005415;0.0#5 6 30&& 7t this &o&ent the s%&&er loadline is s%0&erged 01 10&& (here"ore the ship &a1 "%rther s%0&erged 01 #0&& or #!& 7dditional !argo allowed to 0e loaded 6 #!& 4 (P) 4 BQ(-W); Q(SW)C 6 # 4 15 4 B1.0#; 1.0#5C 6 #O.P5t 1OO1 1. /.:. Sin0ad is "loating %pright in do! water o" <- 6 1.0#. (he lower edge o" her s%&&er load line is 10&& a0o3e the water. )al!%late how &%!h &ore !argo she !an load to rea!h her s%&&er displa!e&ent. Present dra"t 6 s%&&er dra"t = &ar width =10&&6 P.PLO = 0.0#5 = 0.01 6 P.P++& 8ro& ta0le, displa!e&ent at seawater at dra"t P.P++& 6 #0,000.+t -ispla!e&ent at -W 1.0# at dra"t P.P++& 6 #0,000.+ 4 1.0#0 ; 1.0#5 6 1O,O0#.Pt 7t s%&&er dra"t P.PLO& -ispla!e&ent6#0,0O+t /a4i&%& !argo to load6 #0,0O+ 1O,O0#.P 6 1O1.#t 1OO1, 1OO5 K. *4plain, with the aid o" s et!hes what happens when a ship has %nsta0le e?%ili0ri%&. N.K (see Ship Sta0ilit1 "or /asters and /ates, 8irth *dition, - < -errett, P.+K) 1OO#, 1OO+ L. *4plain, with the aid o" s et!hes, wh1 a ship with positi3e sta0ilit1 ret%rns to the %pright position a"ter 0eing in!lined 01 an e4ternal "or!e.

(see Ship Sta0ilit1 "or /asters and /ates, 8irth *dition, - < -errett, P.++=+5) 5oteG Positi3e Sta0ilit1 6 sta0le e?%ili0ri%&) See notes a0o3e

1OO1 L. 7 3essel o" 1K,000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" L.P&. She dis!harges 3,000 tonnes o" !argo Kg +.L and #.0& "ro& the !entre line. )al!%late the res%ltant list. K/ is !onstant at O.5&.

Weight 1K,000 =3000 13,000

KG L.P +.L

/o&ent 1#+,P00 1+,100 110,L00

8inal KG 6 110,L00; 13,000 6 P.515& 8inal G/ 6 K/ 8inal KG 6 O.5 P.515 6 0.OP5& (rans3erse shi"t o" KG (GG1) 6 9ist &o&ent; -ispla!e&ent 6 3,000 4 # ; 13,000 60.+K15& (an (angle o" list) 6 GG1 ; 8inal G/ 7ngle o" list 6 #5.1deg 1OO# 1. $sing the GA=!%r3e "or di""erent KG 3al%es at a displa!e&ent o" 1O0LP tonnes "or /.:. Sin0ad, "ind "or a KG 6 L.15&, (i) (ii) (iii) (i3) the initial G/ GA at an angle o" heel o" 30R the &a4i&%& GA and the angle at whi!h it o!!%rs the range o" positi3e sta0ilit1

State the pre!a%tions to 0e o0ser3ed when %sing a &arine h1dro&eter to as!ertain the densit1 o" do! water. (i) -ispla!e&ent 6 1O,0OLt K/6O.15 >nitial G/ 6 K/ KG 6 O.15=L.15 6 #.0&

(ii) (iii) (i3) K.

GA at angle or list 30deg 6 1.#5& /a4. GA 6 1.+& at angle o" list +#.5deg <ange o" sta0ilit1 6 O0deg

7 3essel o" 15,000 tonnes displa!e&ent and 1O0& length, dis!harges +00 tonnes o" !argo "ro& 30& "orward o" a&idships. $sing the "ollowing parti!%lars !al!%late her "inal dra%ghts "orward and a"t. Eriginal dra%ghts P.0& "orward, L.P& a"t 9)8 is a&idships (P) 6 #5 /)() 6 #00 tonnes &. Bodil1 rising 6 Weight dis!harged; (P) 6 +00;#56 0.1K& )hange o" tri& 6 tri&&ing &o&ent; /)() 6 +00430; #00 6 K0!& 6 0.K& )hange o" a"t dra"t 6 9)8 4 !hange o" tri&; 9E8 6 1 4 0.K ; # 6 0.3& )hange o" "orward dra"t 6 !hange o" tri& !hange o" a"t tri& 6 0.K=0.3 6 0.3& 8orward P.0 =0.1K =0.3 L.5+ 7"t L.P =0.1K 0.3 L.O+

>nitial dra"t Bodil1 <ising )hange o" dra"t 8inal dra"t 1OO3 1.

$sing the in"or&ation gi3en "or /.:. Sin0ad, !al!%late, at her s%&&er load dra%ght, 1)3ol%&e o" displa!e&ent #)area o" the load waterplane 3)area o" &idship se!tion +)light ship displa!e&ent 5)8.W.7. K)-W7 at <- G 1.010 (0) State the pre!a%tions to 0e o0ser3ed when %sing a &arine h1dro&eter to as!ertain the densit1 o" do! water.

(a)

N. 71 (a)

i. 7t s%&&er load dra"t P.PLO& S P.PP&, -ispla!e&ent 6 #0,0O0t, :ol%&e 6 -ispla!e&ent ; densit1 6 #0,0O0 ; 1.0#5 6 1O,K00t ii. Waterplane area 6 9 4 B 4 water plane !o=e""i!ient 6 1+0 4 ##.5O 4 0.P51 6 #PL+.OK !%0.&etre iii. /idship area 6 B 4 s%&&er dra"t 4 /idship se!tion )o=e""i!ient 6 ##.5O 4 P.PLO 4 0.O3P 6 1PP.1+ !%0.&etre i3. 9ight ship -ispla!e&ent 6 di""eren!e o" displa!e&ent and deadweight at an1 dra"t 6 1L,LL0 13,#3P.P 6 +531.#t 3. 8W7 6 -ispla!e&ent ; (P) at s%&&er dra"t ; + 6 #0,0OL ; #K.5P ; + 6 1PO&& 3i. -W7 ; 8W7 6 (Qsw Qdw) ; (Qsw Q"w) -W7 6 (10#5=1010) 4 1PO ; (10#5=1000) (0) *4isting port list &o&ent 6 displa!e&ent 4 G/ 4 tan (angle o" list) 6 10,000 4 0.5 4 tan 3.0deg 6 #K#.0+t& <e?%ired star0oard list &o&ent 6 #K#.0+ 6 weight 4 distan!e "ro& !enterline -istan!e "ro& !enterline 6 #K#.0+ ; 500 6 0.5#+& K. 7 3essel o" 10,000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" P.5& and a G/ o" 0.5&. She has a 3R port list and still has 500 tonnes o" !argo to load in the tween de! , Kg 1#.0&. )al!%late how "ar "ro& the !entre line this !argo sho%ld 0e loaded to 0ring the ship %pright. <e?%ired righting &o&ent 6 present list &o&ent 6 -ispla!e&ent 4 G/ 4 tan(angle o" list) 6 10,000 4 0.5 4 tan (3.0deg) 6 #K#.0+&t -istan!e o" the !argo to load "ro& !enterline 6 <ighting &o&ent; weight 6 #K#.0+;500 6 0.5#& L. 7 3essel o" 1#000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" P.5&. She dis!harges #000 tonnes o" sea water 0allast, Kg +.#& and loads the "ollowingG +00 tonnes o" plasti!, Kg 5.0& 3000 tonnes o" "ertiliHer, Kg 3.5& )al!%late her "inal KG. Weight 1#,000 =#000 KG P.5 +.# /o&ent 10#,000 P,+00

+00 3,000 13,+00

5.0 3.5

#,000 10,500 10K,100

8inal KG 6 10K,100; 13,+00 6 L.O1P&

1OO+ 71. /.:. Sin0ad is sails with an e3en eel dra%ght o" P.50& and a KG o" L.5&. (he "ollowing tan s are OK% "%ll, T3 8.E.(. (!), Kg 1.1& T+ 8.E.(. (!), Kg 1.1& TL 8.E.(. (p U s), Kg 1.P& 7"ter arri3al at the dis!harging port the a0o3e tan s are e&pt1 and 1050 tonnes o" !argo, Kg K.#&, ha3e 0een dis!harged. )al!%late the "inal G/. <.-. 10#5. N. 71 -ra"t P.5& -ispla!e&ent 6 1O,0LPt , K/ 6 O.15&, Weight 1O,0LP =#O+.+O =#K0.L# =100.+1 =135.PO =1050 KG L.5 1.1 1.1 1.P 1.P K.# /o&ent 1+3,0P5 =3#3.O3O =#PK.LO# =1P0.L3P =#++.K0# =K510.00 135,53P.O#O

1L#3K.+O 8inal KG 6 135,53P.O#O ; 1L#3K.+O 6 L.PK3&

-ispla!e&ent 1L,#3K.+O, 5ew K/ is %no0taina0le in the ta0le VVV

G/ 6 5ew K/ 5ew KG 6 VVV L.PK3 6 VVV B+. 7 3essel o" 1#000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" P.5&. She dis!harges #000 tonnes o" sea water 0allast, Kg +.# and loads the "ollowing !argoG +00 tonnes o" plasti!, Kg 5.0& 3000 tonnes o" "ertiliHer, Kg 3.5&. )al!%late her "inal KG. Weight 1#,000 =#,000 +00 3000 13,+00 8inal KG 6 10K,100 ; 13,+00 6 L.O#& 71. /.:. Sin0ad is "loating %pright and at an e3en eel dra%ght o" P.15& in seawater. KG 6 L.#0&. 7 pie!e o" &a!hiner1 weighing 3+0 tonnes, Kg 6 1#.5& and sit%ated K.0& o"" the !enterline to port, is dis!harged 01 shore !rane. )al!%late the res%ltant list. N. 71 9ist &o&ent d%e to !argo dis!harged 6 3+0t 4 K& 6 #0+0t& (to star0oard) 7t dra"t P.15& displa!e&ent 6 1P,15Pt, 5ew displa!e&ent 6 1P,15Pt 3+0t 6 1L,P1Pt new K/ 6 O.0L& GG1 6 9ist &o&ent; displa!e&ent 6 #0+0; 1LP1P 6 0.11+5& Weight 1P,15P =3+0 KG L.# 1#.5 /o&ent 130,L3L.K =+,#50 1#K,+PL.K KG P.5 +.# 5.0 3.5 /o&ent 10#,000 =P,+00 #,000 10,500 10K,100

1L,P1P 8inal KG 6 1#K,+PL.K; 1L,P1P 6 L.0OO&

8inal G/ 6 5ew K/ 8inal KG 6 O.0L L.0OO 6 1.OL& (an (angle o" list) 6 GG1; G/ 6 0.11+5; 1.OL 7ngle o" list 6 3.3 deg to star0oard

BK. 7 3essel o" 1K#00 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" P.L0&. 7 do%0le 0otto& tan , #0& 4 #5& 4 1&, is "%ll o" "resh water. )al!%late the "inal G/ i" hal" o" this "resh water is !ons%&ed. 7ss%&e the e""e!t o" "ree s%r"a!e is to red%!e the G/ 01 0.P3&. K/ is !onstant at 10.3&. (otal "resh water weight 6 9 4 B 4 - 4 Q 6 #0 4 #5 4 1 4 1.000 6 500t Eriginal KG o" the -B tan 6 1.0 ; # 6 0.5& 8inal KG o" the -B tan 6 0.5 ; # 6 0.#5& Weight 1K#00 =500 #50 1K,150 8inal KG 6 1+0,L5#.5; 1K,150 6 P.P#& G/ (solid) 6 K/ KG 6 10.3 P.P# 6 1.+P& G/ ("l%id) 6 G/ (solid) 8ree s%r"a!e e""e!t !orre!tion 6 1.+P 0.P3 6 0.K5& 7#. (a) /.:. I/*W57 >>>J is "loating in salt water and displa!es 1K, 0PK tonnes. She has a positi3e G/ o" 0.5+ &etre. Plot a !%r3e o" GA le3ers o" the ship (stati!al sta0ilit1 !%r3e). Brie"l1 e4plain the in"or&ation whi!h !an 0e o0tained "ro& the !%r3e. KG P.L 0.5 0.#5 /o&ent 1+0,O+0 =#50 K#.5 1+0,L5#.5

(0)

N. 7#(0) /a4. GA 6 0.P55& at angle 3P deg G/ 6 0.5+& 7ngle o" 3anishing sta0ilit1 6 KO deg <ange o" sta0ilit1 6 0 deg S KO deg B3. (a) *4plain wh1 sla! tan in a ship red%!e the e""e!ti3e G/ o" that ship. (0) >n /.:. I/*W57 >>>J, the !argo oil tan s in n%&0er + hold !ontain 3egeta0le oil with a spe!i"i! gra3it1 o" 0.P. 7ll "o%r tan s are %na!!epta0l1 sla! . >" her G/solid was 0.5 &etre, what is her G/"l%id V

N. B3 (a) 7s the ship roll, the &o3e&ent o" the water inside the tan 3irt%all1 in!rease the !entre o" gra3it1 o" the li?%id and th%s the !entre o" gra3it1 o" the ship. G/6K/=KG. >" KG in!reases, e""e!ti3e G/ de!rease. (0) (otal 8S/ 6 (+05D+05D3#LD3#L) 4 0.P 6 1,1L1.#&t :irt%al loss o" G/ 6 8S/; -ispla!e&ent -ispla!e&ent 6 VVVVVVVVVVVV (7nswer %n nownVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV) B+. (a) *4plain wh1 a ship &a1 lie at an Iangle o" lollJ. (0) S et!h and des!ri0e a t1pi!al !%r3e o" stati!al sta0ilit1 "or a 3essel with an angle o" loll. N. B+(a) 7n angle o" loll o!!%rs when G/ is negati3e. 5egati3e G/ &a1 0e !a%sed 01 i&proper wa1 o" loading ; dis!harging. 7t sea, d%e to the !ons%&ption o" "%el, it &a1 0e the !ase that a 3essel whi!h le"t port with positi3e G/, has now de3eloped a negati3e G/. (0) (see Ship Sta0ilit1 "or /asters and /ates, 8irth *dition, - < -errett, P.+P) see notes a0o3e 71. 7 3essel o" P000 tonnes displa!e&ent is to dis!harge a K0 tonnes weight "ro& the !enterline o" her lower hold, Kg 1.5&, %sing her own derri! . Gi3en that the height o" the derri! head is 30 &etres a0o3e the eel and that KG is L.5& and K/ P.0&, )al!%lateG (i) (he ship2s KG when the weight is in s%spension in the lower hold, (ii) (he list when the weight has 0een sw%ng o%t 1#.0& "ro& the !enterline. N. 71 (i) Weight P000 =K0 K0 P000 8inal Kg 6 (otal /o&ent; (otal Weight Kg L.5 1.5 30 /o&ent K0000 =O0 1P00 K1L10

K1L10; P000 L.L1+& N.71 (ii) G/ 6 K/ KG 6 P.0 L.L1+ 6 0.#PK& GG1 6 9ist /o&ent ; (otal Weight 6 L#0 ; P000 6 0.0O& tan (angle o" list) 6 GG1 ; G/ 6 0.0O;0.#PK& angle o" list 6 1L.5 deg B#. 7 3essel is tri&&ed 35!& 01 the stern. She loads #00 tons o" !argo 100& "orward o" the a"ter perpendi!%lar and dis!harges #00 tonnes O0& "orward o" the a"ter perpendi!%lar. Gi3en that her !entre o" "loatation is P0& "orward o" the a"ter perpendi!%lar and her /)() is #50 tonnes &etres, !al!%late her "inal tri&. Weight #00 #00 +00 -istan!e #0 10 (ri&&ing /o&ent +000&t 01 head #000&t 01 stern #000&t 01 head

)hange o" tri& 6 tri&&ing &o&ent ; /)() 6 #000;#50 6 P!& 01 head 8inal tri& 6 present tri& D;= !hange o" tri& 6 35!& P!& 6 #L!& 01 stern B+. 7 3essel o" 5000 tonnes displa!e&ent has a KG o" K.0&. She then wor s the "ollowing !argoG 300 tonnes loaded at Kg L.0&, #00 tonnes loaded at Kg #.0&, 500 tonnes dis!harged "ro& Kg 5.0&. +00 tonnes o" de! !argo, Kg P.3L& is then trans"erred to a lower hold, Kg 1.3L&. )al!%late her "inal KG. Weight 5000 300 #00 500 +00 Kg K.0 L.0 #.0 5.0 P.3L /o&ent 30000 #100 +00 =#500 =33+P

+00 5000

1.3L

5+P #L#00

8inal Kg 6 (otal /o&ent; weight 6 #L#00&t; 5000t 6 5.++&