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1/23/2014
The Official SAT Online Course
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Online - Practice Test #3 1 The Wom ens Media Group recently launching an intern program in an effort to encourage m inority wom en to think about careers in publishing and electronic m edia. (A) The Wom ens Media Group recently launching an intern program (B) The Wom ens Media Group recently would launch an intern program (C) Recently launching an intern program , the Wom ens Media Group (D) The Wom ens Media Group recently launched an intern program (E) An intern program recently launched by the Wom ens Media Group A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D : Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing the main verb launched to carry out the action of the sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) involves a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launching. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a verb-tense error. The adverb recently indicates an action completed in the past, making the verb phrase would launch, which implies a future event, inappropriate. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launching. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launched.
Bears in Yosem ite National Park hav e been known to break into cars for food, candy , or ev en toothpaste, since such is the case, m ost cam pers heed posted warnings about the anim als.
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warnings about the anim als. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
toothpaste, since such is the case, m ost cam pers heed posted warnings about the anim als toothpaste, with m ost cam pers therefore heeding posted warnings about the anim als toothpaste, m ost cam pers heed posted warnings about the anim als as a result toothpaste; and m ost cam pers heed posted warnings about the anim als because of that toothpaste; therefore, m ost cam pers heed posted warnings about the anim als
A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E : Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the comma-splice error of the original by appropriately joining two independent clauses (Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and most campers heed posted warnings about the animals) with a semicolon, the conjunction therefore, and a comma. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) involves a comma-splice error. Two independent clauses (Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and since such is the case, most campers heed posted warnings about the animals) are improperly joined by only a comma. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a coordination error. The preposition with does not appropriately establish the cause-effect relationship between the first and second concepts (Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and most campers heed posted warnings). Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) involves a comma-splice error. Two independent clauses (Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and most campers heed posted warnings about the animals as a result) are improperly joined by only a comma. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in a sentence fragment. The semicolon improperly joins an independent clause (Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste) and a dependent clause (and most campers heed posted warnings about the animals because of that).
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The annual National Concrete Canoe Com petition attracts team s of engineering students hav ing designed canoes that prom ote the v ersatility of concrete. (A) hav ing designed (B) who hav e designed (C) for designing (D) to be designing (E) and they designed A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B : Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original by providing the appropriate modifying phrase beginning with who have designed. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) results in a modification error. The sentence illogically implies that the National Concrete Canoe Competition designed canoes. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in unidiomatic phrasing. The preposition of is unidiomatic following the verb attracts. In addition, the prepositional phrase for designing does not logically modify students. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in unidiomatic phrasing. The verb phrase to be designing is unidiomatic following the verb attracts. In addition, the phrase to be designing does not logically modify students. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is awkward and imprecise. It does not make clear when the team of students designed canoes that promote the versatility of concrete or how the design of these canoes relates to the competition.
Anna Freud adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children, being Sigm und Freuds daughter. (A) (B) (C) (D) Anna Freud adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children, being Sigm und Freuds daughter. Anna Freud adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children, and she was Sigm und Freuds daughter. Anna Freud, who as Sigm und Freuds daughter adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children. Being Anna Freud, Sigm und Freuds daughter adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children.
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(E) Anna Freud, Sigm und Freuds daughter, adapted classical psy choanaly tic technique to the treatm ent of y oung children. A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E : Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original by placing the modifying phrase Sigmund Freuds daughter immediately after the subject (Anna Freud) that it modifies. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) involves a modification error. It is unclear what the modifying phrase being Sigmund Freuds daughter is meant to modify. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) involves a subordination and a verb-form error. The fact that Anna Freud is the daughter of Sigmund Freud is not of equal value to the statement that Anna Freud adapted classical psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children, so the two statements should not be joined with a comma and the conjunction and. In addition, the past-tense verb was in the clause she was Sigmund Freuds daughter illogically implies that Anna Freud is no longer Sigmund Freuds daughter. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the relative clause beginning with who. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) involves an idiom error. The introductory phrase Being Anna Freud is unidiomatic. The participle being should be deleted, and a comma should be placed after daughter.
Mindful of the growing popularity of backy ard com post piles am ong hom e gardeners, experts warn that adding m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post will attract v erm in. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) experts warn that adding m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post will adding m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post, this is what experts warn will and with warnings from experts that adding m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post will warnings from experts concerning the addition of m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post will experts warning that adding m eat, dairy products, or cooking grease to com post would
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Explanation for Correct Answer A : Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by providing a subject (experts) that can be logically modified by the phrase Mindful of . . . gardeners. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a lack of subject. There is no subject for the phrase Mindful of the growing popularity of backyard compost piles among home gardeners to logically modify. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the verb phrase will attract, which is part of the modifying phrase beginning with and with warnings from experts Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in a modification error. The sentence illogically implies that warnings are Mindful of the growing popularity of backyard compost piles. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle warning.
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prim e Minister of an independent India, was a foe of colonialism , an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, and a m aster of political oratory . (A) was a foe of colonialism , an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, and a m aster of (B) was a foe of colonialism , an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, and m astering (C) was a foe of colonialism , adv ocated civ il disobedience, and a m aster of (D) was a foe of colonialism , an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, and he m astered (E) fought colonialism , was an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, m astering A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A : Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by providing the parallel noun phrases a foe of colonialism, an advocate of civil disobedience, and a master of political oratory. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a lack of parallelism. The gerund phrase mastering political oratory is not parallel with the preceding noun phrases a foe of colonialism and an advocate of civil
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disobedience. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a lack of parallelism. The phrase advocated civil disobedience is not parallel with the noun phrases that precede (a foe of colonialism) or follow (a master of political oratory) it. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. The phrase he mastered political oratory is not parallel with the preceding noun phrases a foe of colonialism and an advocate of civil disobedience. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) results in a lack of parallelism. So that the sentence contains three parallel verb phrases, the gerund mastering should be changed to mastered, and the conjunction and should be used to link mastered to what precedes it.
Strong wind, it hav ing swept alm ost unchecked ov er great distances, is a prim e com ponent of the grassland clim ate. (A) it hav ing swept alm ost unchecked ov er great distances, (B) sweeping alm ost unchecked ov er great distances, (C) being alm ost unchecked, will sweep ov er great distances, for it (D) with alm ost unchecked sweeping ov er great distances, (E) swept ov er great distances and alm ost unchecked, A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B : Choice (B) is correct. If avoids the verb-tense and redundancy errors of the original by providing the appropriate modifying phrase sweeping almost unchecked over great distances. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) involves a verb-tense and redundancy error. The past progressive tense verb phrase having swept in the modifying phrase is inconsistent with the present-tense verb is in the main clause. In addition, the pronoun it is redundant since the pronoun immediately follows the subject (Strong wind) it refers to. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a coordination error. The conjunction for implies that strong wind will sweep over great distances because it is a component of the grassland climate; however, the original intent of the sentence is that strong wind is a component of grassland climate as a result of its sweeping over great distances.
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in awkward, unidiomatic phrasing. The phrase with almost unchecked sweeping is unidiomatic and should be replaced with the phrase sweeping almost unchecked. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) involves unidiomatic phrasing. It is appropriate to describe the action of wind as sweeping, but it is not idiomatic to describe Strong wind as swept over great distances.
Although she wrote 2 ,000 y ears ago, the Rom an poet Sulpicia is still being read: her poem s are av ailable in English translation in a num ber of anthologies. (A) read: her poem s are (B) read, her poem s are (C) read; her poem s being (D) read: her poem s are being (E) read, y et her poem s are A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A : Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by appropriately joining two related independent clauses with a colon. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a comma splice. Two independent clauses (Although she wrote 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Sulpicia is still being read and her poems are available in English translation in a number of anthologies) are improperly joined by only a comma. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in improper coordination. A dependent clause (her poems being available in English translation in a number of anthologies) is improperly joined to an independent clause with a semicolon. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) involves awkward, unidiomatic phrasing. The phrase her poems are being available is unidiomatic and so should be replaced with the idiomatic her poems are available. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) results in a comma splice. Two independent clauses (Although she wrote 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Sulpicia is still being read and yet her poems are available in English translation in a number of anthologies) are improperly joined by
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only a comma.
The apparently chaotic im ages in certain ty pes of contem porary painting strike m any v iewers as both confusing but delightfully original. (A) but (B) but also (C) y et (D) and as (E) and A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E : Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the lack of parallelism of the original by providing the appropriate conjunction (and) to complete the correlative construction both . . . and . . . Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) involves a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to link two things together using the correlative construction both . . . and . . . However, here the conjunction but is improperly used in place of and. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to link two things together using the correlative construction both . . . and . . . However, here the phrase but also is improperly used in place of and. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) involves a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to link two things together using the correlative construction both . . . and . . . However, here the conjunction yet is improperly used in place of and. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to link two things together using the correlative construction both . . . and . . . In this construction, what follows both must be grammatically similar to what follows and. However, here as precedes both but follows and.
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The directors insistence that there be adequate stage lighting and professionally installed backdrops in the theater was not obstinate but a determ ination to prov ide a safe work env ironm ent for the actors and stage crew. (A) was not obstinate but a determ ination
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(B) was not obstinate but determ ined (C) was not because of obstinacy , he was determ ined (D) resulted not from obstinacy , but he was determ ined (E) resulted not from obstinacy but from a determ ination A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E : Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the lack of parallelism of the original by providing a prepositional phrase to follow each part of the correlative construction not . . . but . . . Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) results in a lack of parallelism. In correlative constructions such as not . . . but . . ., what follows not must be grammatically similar to what follows but. However, here an adjective (obstinate) follows not while a noun (a determination) follows but. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in an illogical statement. The sentence illogically suggests that the directors insistence was not obstinate but determined. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) results in a comma splice. Two independent clauses (The directors insistence that . . . obstinacy and he was determined . . . crew) are improperly joined by only a comma. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. In correlative constructions such as not . . . but . . ., what follows not must be grammatically similar to what follows but. However, here a preposition (from) follows not while a pronoun (he) follows but.
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Researchers hav e found that large fish are m ost likely to contain high lev els of m ercury than sm all fish. (A) are m ost likely to contain high lev els of m ercury than sm all fish (B) are m ore likely to contain high lev els of m ercury com pared to sm all fish (C) are m ore likely than sm all fish to contain high lev els of m ercury (D) com pared with sm all fish m ost likely contain high lev els of m ercury (E) m ore likely contain higher lev els of m ercury than in sm all fish A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :

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Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original by providing the appropriate comparative modifier more. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) results in a modification error. Only one type of thing (large fish) is being compared with one other type of thing (small fish), making most an inappropriate comparative modifier. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) results in unidiomatic phrasing. It is idiomatic to follow the comparative phrase more likely with the conjunction than not compared to. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) results in an illogical statement. The sentence illogically implies that only large fish that are compared with small fish contain high levels of mercury. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) results in a logical comparison error. The noun phrase large fish is being inappropriately compared with the prepositional phrase in small fish.
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While working at Harv ard Observ atory classify ing stars, Antonia Maury becom ing one of the first astronom ers to identify a spectroscopic binary star with her discov ery of Beta Aurigae in 1 889 . No error
Corrected Sentence: While working at Harvard Observatory classifying stars, Antonia Maury became one of the first astronomers to identify a spectroscopic binary star with her discovery of Beta Aurigae in 1889. Explanation for Correct Answer B : The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The use of the participle becoming results in a sentence fragment. A main verb (became) is needed to carry out the action of the sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The conjunction While in the introductory phrase While working at Harvard Observatory appropriately establishes an action taking place at the same time that another action was completed. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
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There is no error at (C). The infinitive to identify idiomatically follows the phrase one of the first astronomers. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The preposition with appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase with her discovery, and the possessive pronoun her appropriately refers to Antonia Maury. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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Before steam ships started crossing the North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century , the best way to trav el between Europe and Am erica has been on sailing ships called packets. No error
Corrected Sentence: Before steamships started crossing the North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century, the best way to travel between Europe and America was on sailing ships called packets. Explanation for Correct Answer C : The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The present perfect verb has been describes an action completed at an unspecified time before the present. The phrase Before steamships started crossing the North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century, indicates that the past-tense verb was is needed to indicate an action completed in the past. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The infinitive to travel idiomatically follows the phrase the best way. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The preposition between idiomatically follows the verb travel and appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase between Europe and America. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The past participle called appropriately modifies the plural noun ships. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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The m ost successful algebra teachers do not hav e their students sim ply m em orize form ulas and equations; they m ake sure that their students also understand the
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underly ing m athem atical concepts. No error
Corrected Sentence: The most successful algebra teachers do not have their students simply memorize formulas and equations; they make sure that their students also understand the underlying mathematical concepts. Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The adverb most appropriately modifies the adjective successful, which modifies the noun phrase algebra teachers. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The plural possessive pronoun their appropriately refers to the plural noun teachers. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The plural verb phrase make sure agrees with the plural subject they, and the conjunction that appropriately introduces the clause that their students also understand theconcepts. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The plural verb understand agrees with the plural subject students.
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Of three com m on approaches to writing m usic, com posers generally seem to find instrum ental im prov isation the m ore congenial. No error
Corrected Sentence: Of three common approaches to writing music, composers generally seem to find instrumental improvisation the most congenial. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). The adverb more should only be used to compare two things. The sentence references three common approaches to writing music, so the adverb more should be replaced with the adverb most. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
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There is no error at (A). The preposition of appropriately introduces the introductory prepositional phrase Of three common approaches to writing music. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The plural verb seem agrees with the plural subject composers. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The phrase to find is idiomatic after seem. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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Am ong the m ost dangerous env ironm ental threats that we face are com pugarbage, the nonbiodegradable and often toxic waste resulting from the im proper disposal of obsolete personal com puters. No error
Corrected Sentence: Among the most dangerous environmental threats that we face is compu-garbage, the nonbiodegradable and often toxic waste resulting from the improper disposal of obsolete personal computers. Explanation for Correct Answer B : The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The plural verb are does not agree with the singular subject compu-garbage and should be replaced with the singular verb is. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The preposition Among appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase Among the most dangerous environmental threats. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The adverb often appropriately modifies the adjective toxic, which modifies the noun waste. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The noun disposal is idiomatically followed by the preposition of, which introduces the prepositional phrase of obsolete personal computers. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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Slanting through the trees, y esterday s late afternoon sun cast m ore deeper shadows on the bedroom wall. No error
Corrected Sentence: Slanting through the trees, yesterdays late afternoon sun cast deep shadows on the bedroom wall. Explanation for Correct Answer C : The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The modifying phrase more deeper is unidiomatic and redundant and should be replaced by the adjective deep. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The participle Slanting and the idiomatic preposition through appropriately begin the participial phrase that appropriately modifies the subject sun. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The past-tense verb cast appropriately describes an action that occurred in the past as indicated by the possessive noun yesterdays. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The preposition on appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase on the bedroom wall. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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After sam pling the grapes, the six judges decided that the hom egrown produce tasted better than the im port com pany . No error
Corrected Sentence: After sampling the grapes, the six judges decided that the homegrown produce tasted better than the import companys produce. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to compare homegrown produce to the import company. Instead, homegrown produce should be compared to the import companys produce. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
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There is no error at (A). The preposition after appropriately introduces the introductory prepositional phrase After sampling the grapes. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The past-tense verb decided appropriately indicates an action completed in the past (after the grapes were sampled). Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The past-tense verb tasted appropriately describes an action completed in the past, and the adjective better complements the subject produce. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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For m ost of recent history , people hav e used energy wastefully , but now that supplies of essential fuels are becom ing rapidly depleted, env ironm entalists are urging people to change it. No error
Corrected Sentence: For most of recent history, people have used energy wastefully, but now that supplies of essential fuels are becoming rapidly depleted, environmentalists are urging people to change the way they use energy. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It is not clear to what the singular pronoun it is meant to refer. The precise the way they use energy should be used instead. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The preposition for appropriately introduces the introductory prepositional phrase For most of recent history. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The conjunction now is used appropriately to indicate an action in the present (now that supplies of essential fuels are becoming rapidly depleted). Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The adverb rapidly appropriately modifies the past participle depleted.
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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As the guide led us through the exhibit of ancient Russian icons, she interspersed explanations of the objects with stories about her own first encounters with Russian art, giv ing y ou a unique personal dim ension to the tour. No error
Corrected Sentence: As the guide led us through the exhibit of ancient Russian icons, she interspersed explanations of the objects with stories about her own first encounters with Russian art, giving a unique personal dimension to the tour. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). The pronoun you should be deleted. It is unnecessary in the sentence and inconsistent with the previous pronoun us. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The conjunction as appropriately introduces the introductory phrase As the guide led us through the exhibit of ancient Russian icons to indicate an action happening at the same time as the following action (she interspersed explanations of the objects). Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The preposition with appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase with stories, and the preposition about appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase about her own first encounters with Russian art. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The adjectives own and first appropriately modify the plural noun encounters. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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The region bounded by the northwest corner of Greenland, the northern tip of Labrador, and the Mackenzie Delta include the islands collectiv ely known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. No error
Corrected Sentence: The region bounded by the northwest corner of Greenland, the northern tip of Labrador, and the Mackenzie Delta
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includes the islands collectively known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Explanation for Correct Answer B : The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The plural verb include does not agree with the singular subject region and so should be replaced with the singular verb includes. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The past participle bounded appropriately modifies the noun region and is idiomatically followed by the preposition by, which introduces the prepositional phrase by the northwest corner. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The adverb collectively appropriately modifies the adjective known. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The phrase known as appropriately modifies the plural noun islands. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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Because traffic was unusually heav y , Jim arriv ed ten m inutes late for his job interv iew ev en though he had ran desperately all the way from the bus stop. No error
Corrected Sentence: Because traffic was unusually heavy, Jim arrived ten minutes late for his job interview even though he had run desperately all the way from the bus stop. Explanation for Correct Answer C : The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The sentence is describing an action (Jim ran from the bus stop) that occurred before another action in the past (Jim arrived ten minutes late for his job interview). This requires the past perfect tense, so had ran should be replaced with the past perfect verb phrase had run. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The adverb unusually appropriately modifies the adjective heavy, which appropriately modifies the noun traffic. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
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There is no error at (B). The preposition for idiomatically follows the adjective late and appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase for his job interview. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The preposition from idiomatically follows the noun way and appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase from the bus stop. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
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As adults, m ale golden silk spiders liv e not in webs of their own m aking but rather in webs m ade by fem ale spiders. No error
Corrected Sentence: As adults, male golden silk spiders live not in webs of their own making but rather in webs made by female spiders. Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The conjunction As in the introductory phrase As adults appropriately indicates that the action of the sentence occurs when male golden silk spiders are adults. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The plural verb live agrees with the plural subject spiders, and the adverb not appropriately modifies the verb live. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The plural possessive pronoun their appropriately refers to the plural noun spiders, and the adjective own appropriately modifies the gerund making. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The past participle made appropriately serves to modify the noun webs and is idiomatically followed by the preposition by, which introduces the prepositional phrase by female spiders.
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Mr. Hanson proudly dem onstrated his com pany s latest cell phone, a m odel that
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flashes the tim e in color-coded num erals when pressing button. No error
Corrected Sentence: Mr. Hanson proudly demonstrated his companys latest cell phone, a model that flashes the time in colorcoded numerals when a button is pressed. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to say that the cell phone model is pressing a button. The phrase pressing a button should be replaced with when a button is pressed. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The adverb proudly appropriately modifies the past-tense verb demonstrated. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The possessive pronoun his appropriately refers to Mr. Hanson and modifies the possessive noun companys, which modifies the phrase latest cell phone. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The singular verb flashes agrees with the singular subject a model. In addition, the relative pronoun that appropriately introduces the relative clause that flashes . . . numerals that modifies a model. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
25
At a tim e when interest in twentieth-century classical m usic seem s on the v erge to disappear, the av ant-garde com positions of the 1 9 6 0s and 1 9 7 0s m anage to retain their popularity . No error
Corrected Sentence: At a time when interest in twentieth-century classical music seems on the verge of dissappearing, the avant-garde compositions of the 1960s and 1970s manage to retain their popularity. Explanation for Correct Answer C : The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The preposition to is unidiomatic after on the verge and should be replaced with the preposition of. In addition, the verb disappear should be replaced with "dissapearing."
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The relative pronoun when appropriately introduces the relative clause when interest in twentieth century classical music seems on the verb of disappearing. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The singular verb seems agrees with the singular subject interest. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The plural verb manage agrees with the plural subject compositions. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
26
A powerful adv ocate to equal rights, Belv a Lockwood was twice a candidate for President long before the Nineteenth Am endm ent to the Constitution allowed wom en to v ote. No error
Corrected Sentence: A powerful advocate of equal rights, Belva Lockwood was twice a candidate for President long before the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution allowed women to vote. Explanation for Correct Answer A : The error in the sentence occurs at (A). The preposition to is unidiomatic following the noun advocate and should be replaced with the preposition of. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The singular past-tense verb was agrees with the singular subject Belva Lockwood and appropriately indicates an action occurring in the past. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The preposition to idiomatically follows the noun Amendment and appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase to the Constitution. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The plural noun women appropriately serves as the direct object, and the infinitive to vote appropriately serves as the indirect object, of the past-tense verb allowed. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
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sentence.
27
Persistent use of antibacterial soaps in hom es both kills m any innocuous bacteria and encourages harm ful ones to dev elop ev en m ore resistant strains. No error
Corrected Sentence: Persistent use of antibacterial soaps in homes both kills many innocuous bacteria and encourages harmful ones to develop even more resistant strains. Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The conjunction both appropriately modifies the singular verb kills, which agrees with the singular subject use. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The adjectives many and innocuous appropriately modify the noun bacteria. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The singular verb encourages agrees with the singular subject use. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The adverb even appropriately modifies the adverb more, which appropriately modifies the adjective resistant. The adjective resistant appropriately modifies the plural noun strains.
28
Annual v isitors to New York City s Central Park num ber alm ost ten tim es that of Mount Rushm ore. No error
Corrected Sentence: Annual visitors to New York Citys Central Park number almost ten times the visitors to Mount Rushmore. Explanation for Correct Answer D : The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to compare the plural noun phrase visitors to New York Citys Central Park to the singular phrase that of Mount Rushmore. The singular phrase should be replaced with the plural noun phrase visitors to
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Mount Rushmore so that both phrases reference visitors to a location. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The preposition to idiomatically follows the plural noun visitors and appropriately introduces the prepositional phrase to New York Citys Central Park. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The plural verb number agrees with the plural subject visitors. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : There is no error at (C). The adverb almost appropriately modifies the word ten. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.
29
To insist that a poem m eans whatev er one wants it to m ean is often ignoring the intention and ev en the words of the poet. No error
Corrected Sentence: To insist that a poem means whatever one wants it to mean is often to ignore the intention and even the words of the poet. Explanation for Correct Answer C : The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The verb form ignoring is not parallel with the preceding verb phrase, the infinitive To insist and so should be replaced with the infinitive to ignore. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : There is no error at (A). The indefinite pronoun one appropriately references an individual in general. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : There is no error at (B). The singular verb wants agrees with the singular pronoun one, and the singular pronoun it appropriately references the singular noun poem. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : There is no error at (D). The adverb even appropriately modifies the noun phrase the words. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
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sentence.
(1) The decade after 1 9 3 7 saw considerable growth in the African Am erican press in the United States. (2) Traditionally , African Am erican newspapers had been distributed only through the m ail and at newsstands in a few large cities. (3) Howev er, in 1 9 3 8 LeRoy Brannic founded a newspaper distributorship, the Great Eastern News Corporation, in New York City , with outlets in cities throughout the country . (4) It was controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans. (5) Brannics com pany put African Am erican newspapers into wide circulation across the country . (6) Though v iewed as a m odern m eans of m ass com m unication, newspapers in fact date back to ancient Rom e. (7 ) Increased circulation brought m ore incom e with which African Am erican publishers could im prov e production. (8) The Scott Sy ndicate in Atlanta, Georgia, was m ass-producing 3 2 different newspapers by the m id-1 9 4 0s. (9) Sy ndication offered the adv antages of shared news, features, and printing, each paper still m aintaining contact with its local com m unity through a sm all staff em ploy ed there. (10) Salaries rose, and while the older, self-m ade m en retained ownership of the newspapers. (11) College-educated reporters began to join newspaper staffs. (12) Cov erage expanded. (13) Som e of the m ore successful papers could support their own foreign correspondents. (14) Increased use of photography in the newspapers, m ade possible by the purchase of expensiv e printing equipm ent, m eant m ore work and better salaries for African Am erican photographers.
30
In order to m aintain a logical flow of ideas, which of the following sentences should be om itted from the passage?
(A) Sentence 3 (B) Sentence 6 (C) Sentence 9 (D) Sentence 1 2 (E) Sentence 1 3 A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B : Choice (B) is correct. The topic of the passage is the growth of African American newspapers in the United States. Sentence 6, about newspapers dating back to ancient Rome, does not address the specific topic of the passage and so should be deleted. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 3 describes the founding of a newspaper distributorship that was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans. This sentence is directly related to the topic of the passage, the growth of African American newspapers in the
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United States, and so should not be omitted. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 9 describes the benefits of syndication to African American newspapers. This sentence is directly related to the topic of the passage, the growth of African American newspapers in the United States, and so should not be omitted. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 12 explains that coverage by African American newspapers expanded. This sentence is directly related to the topic of the passage, the growth of African American newspapers in the United States, and so should not be omitted. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 13 describes how some African American newspapers could even support foreign correspondents. This sentence emphasizes the topic of the passage, the growth of African American newspapers in the United States, and so should not be omitted.
31
In context, which of the following is the best rev ision of the underlined portion of sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced below)? I t was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans. Brannics company put African American newspapers into wide circulation across the country.
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
It was controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans, and Brannics com pany It was controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans, though Brannics com pany Being controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans, it was Brannics com pany that Controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans, Brannics com pany Brannics com pany , which was controlled and operated entirely by African Am ericans, has
Explanation for Correct Answer D : Choice (D) is correct. It eliminates the vague pronoun It in sentence 4 and creates the phrase, Controlled and operated entirely by African Americans, which appropriately modifies Brannics company. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. There is nothing in the sentence to which the pronoun It can logically refer. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) is unsatisfactory. There is nothing in the sentence to which the pronoun It can logically refer. In addition, the conjunction though produces a coordination error, creating an inappropriate contrast between the two clauses It was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans and Brannics company put African American newspapers into wide circulation across the country. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Choice (C) results in wordiness. The words Being, it was, and that are unnecessary and should be deleted. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Choice (E) results in a tense-shift error. The past-tense passive verb phrase was controlled and operated indicates an action that was completed at a specific time in the past. The present-perfect verb phrase has put inappropriately indicates an action that happened at an unspecified time before the present.
32
In context, which of the following is best placed at the beginning of sentence 8 (reproduced below)? The Scott Syndicate in Atlanta, Georgia, was mass-producing 32 different newspapers by the mid-1940s.
(A) Unexpectedly , then, (B) For exam ple, one com pany , (C) Nev ertheless, (D) In short, (E) On the other hand, A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B : Choice (B) is correct. Sentence 7 explains that through increased circulation and income, African American publishers could improve production. Sentence 8 describes The Scott Syndicate, an example of a company mass-producing newspapers; therefore, choice (B), the introductory phrase For example, one company, is most appropriate. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 7 explains that through increased circulation and income, African American publishers could improve production. It is not logical to say The Scott Syndicate was mass-producing 32 different newspapers unexpectedly. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 7 explains that through increased circulation and income, African American publishers could improve production. It is not logical to say that Nevertheless, or however, The Scott Syndicate was massproducing 32 different newspapers. Sentence 8 serves as an example of the statement made in sentence 7, not a contrast. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 8 serves as an example of the idea in sentence 7. Sentence 8 is not a summary of the idea in sentence 7, so the introductory phrase In short is inappropriate. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 8 serves as an example of the idea in sentence 7. Sentence 8 is not in contrast with idea in sentence 7, so the introductory phrase On the other hand is inappropriate.
33
In context, which is the best v ersion of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below)? Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features, and printing, each paper still maintaining contact with its local community through a small staff employed there.
(A) printing, and their papers still m aintained (B) printing; instead, each paper still m aintained (C) printing, while allowing each paper to m aintain (D) printing, though each paper m aintains (E) printing; each paper will still m aintain A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C : Choice (C) is correct. The modifying phrase beginning with while allowing each paper to maintain appropriately modifies the main clause, Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features, and printing. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (A)
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would result in a vague-pronoun error. There is nothing in the sentence to which the plural possessive pronoun their can logically refer. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (B) results in a coordination error. It does not make sense to link the two complementary ideas in the sentence (Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features, and printing and each paper still maintained contact with its local communitythere) with the contrasting conjunction instead. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (D) results in a coordination error. It does not make sense to link the two complementary ideas in the sentence (Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features, and printing and each paper maintains contact with its local communitythere) with the contrasting conjunction though. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (E) results in a tense-shift error. The sentence describes events that occurred in the past. It does not make sense to say each paper will still maintain, which is a reference to the future.
34
In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 1 0 (reproduced below)? Salaries rose, and while the older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers.
(A) Insert the word had im m ediately before retained. (B) Connect it to sentence 1 1 with a com m a, changing newspapers. Collegeeducated to newspapers, college-educated.
(C) Switch it with sentence 1 1 . (D) Place it im m ediately before sentence 7 . (E) Change while to y et. A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B : Choice (B) is correct. Connecting sentence 10 to sentence 11 with a comma appropriately indicates the three actions Salaries rose, the older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers, and college-educated reporters began to join newspaper staffs happened simultaneously.
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 10 with choice (A) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the action of the sentence. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 10 is a fragment, so switching sentence 10 with sentence 11 is not the best way to deal with sentence 10. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 10 is a fragment, so placing it immediately before sentence 7 is not the best way to deal with sentence 10. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Replacing while with yet changes the meaning of sentence 10. The original intent of sentences 10 and 11 is to indicate that three events happened at the same time (salaries rose, older men retained ownership of the newspapers, and collegeeducated reporters began to join the newspaper staffs). Replacing while with yet incorrectly implies that older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers despite the fact that salaries rose.
35
In context, which is the best place to put the following sentence? Syndication also created financial prosperity and new career opportunities for African Americans.
(A) Im m ediately before sentence 2 (B) Im m ediately before sentence 5 (C) Im m ediately before sentence 7 (D) Im m ediately before sentence 8 (E) Im m ediately before sentence 1 0 A NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E : Choice (E) is correct. Sentence 9 introduces the topic of syndication, and sentence 10 is about how newspaper-related salaries rose. The sentence Syndication also created financial prosperity and new career opportunities for African Americans, which provides more details on syndication and financial improvements, provides an appropriate transition between sentences 9 and 10. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. The first paragraph provides information on the history of African American newspapers. It does not mention syndication. Therefore, it would not make sense to add a sentence giving additional information about syndication anywhere in the first paragraph. Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) is unsatisfactory. The first paragraph provides information on the history of African American newspapers. It does not mention syndication. Therefore, it would not make sense to add a sentence giving additional information about syndication anywhere in the first paragraph. Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. The phrase Syndication also indicates that the sentence is providing additional information on syndication. The term syndication is not mentioned until sentence 9, so placing this sentence immediately before sentence 7 would be inappropriate. Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. The phrase Syndication also indicates that the sentence is providing additional information on syndication. The term syndication is not mentioned until sentence 9, so placing this sentence immediately before sentence 8 would be inappropriate.
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Explanation for Correct Answer C :

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underly ing m athem atical concepts. No error

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Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the sentence.

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(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

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