PRESENTATION REPORT HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE : SPILLWAYS STUDENTS NAME

QAYYUM UZEAR USIN (CF130003) MASLIANA

COURSE NAME

HYDRAULIC

COURSE CODE LECTURERS NAME

BFC 21103

DR HARTINI BINTI KASMIN

FACULTY

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION As our large group had given a task on presenting about Hydraulic structure, us (Qayyum and Masliana) being voted to present about Spillways. In this report we included a brief explanation of spillways, give an example of few types of spillways and how did in work on real situation. As an attachment, I also attach the presentation slide of our presentation for your satisfaction.

SPILLWAYS A Spillway is one of the hydraulic structure and is built in a reservoir where it functioning as a controller that allow the water to safely move downstream when the reservoir is full. As a reminder, the spillway capacity must accommodate the maximum design flood. A spillway is shaped as a rectangular concrete channel that connects the upstream and downstream region of a weir. Weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter its flow characteristics. A spillway is located at the top of the reservoir pool. Dams may also have bottom outlets with valves or gates which may be operated to release flood flow, and a few dams lack overflow spillways and rely entirely on bottom outlets.

TYPES OF SPILLWAY Commonly now there is two type of spillway, there are: Controlled Spillway Uncontrolled Spillway

Control Spillway Synonym to its name this kind of spillway has mechanical structures or gates to regulate the rate of flow. This design allows nearly the full height of the dam to be used for water storage year-round, and flood waters can be released as required by opening one or more gates.

Uncontrolled Spillway For this type of spillway it does not have any gates, when the water rises above the lip or crest of the spillway it begins to be released from the reservoir. The rate of discharge is controlled only by the depth of water within the reservoir and all of the storage volume in the reservoir above the spillway crest can be used only for the temporary storage of floodwater, and cannot be used as water supply storage because It is normally empty.

The flow shown here is a super-critical flow

The figure shows an ogee spillway as a section of dam designed to permit water to pass over its crest

Ogee Spill

Ogee spillway also known as the overflow spillway (widely used on gravity, arch and buttress dams) and the most extensively used spillway to safely pass the flood flow out of reservoir. The characteristics of ogee are based on the underside shape of the sharp-crested weir nappe. Weir is a thin plate structure with a role to raise the level of the water and flows it