Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 23.

1 Multiple-Choice and Bimodal Questions 1) The o idation state o! "opper in Cu 2 C#3 (#$) 2 is %%%%%%%%%%& ') ( B) )1 C) )2 *) )+ ,) -2 'nswer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 2) The o idation state o! "opper in Cu 2. is %%%%%%%%%%& ') )/ B) )2 C) )+ *) ( ,) )1 'nswer: , Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 3) Melting an ore and "ausing the melt to separate into two or more layers is "alled %%%%%%%%%%& ') "al"ining B) roasting C) smelting *) slag ,) alloying 'nswer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy +) ' thermal pro"ess that "auses rea"tions 0etween an ore and the atmosphere o! the !urna"e is "alled %%%%%%%%%%& ') "al"ining B) roasting C) smelting *) slag ,) re!ining 'nswer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 1) ' slag is !ormed when a 0asi" metal o ide rea"ts with molten %%%%%%%%%% at high temperatures& ') 2e 2 #3 B) Ca# C) Ca.i#3 *) .i#2 ,) C# 'nswer: * Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 /) 3oasting $g. in the presen"e o! o ygen produ"es the !ree metal and .# 2 & 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! $g. when the e5uation !or this rea"tion is "ompleted and 0alan"ed6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 7) Car0on mono ide is "ommonly used to produ"e !ree metals !rom their o ides& 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! "ar0on mono ide in the 0alan"ed e5uation !or the produ"tion o! "o0alt !rom Co 2#3 6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 8) 3oasting 9n. in the presen"e o! o ygen produ"es the metal o ide and .# 2 & 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! 9n. when the e5uation !or this rea"tion is "ompleted and 0alan"ed6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 :) 't high temperatures, "ar0on "an 0e used as a redu"ing agent !or metal o ides& 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! "ar0on in the 0alan"ed e5uation !or the produ"tion o! manganese and C# 2 !rom manganese(;;) o ide6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 1() 4hen "ar0on mono ide is used to redu"e an ore as in a 0last !urna"e, it is "on<erted to %%%%%%%%%%& ') graphite B) "ar0on dio ide C) methane *) "ar0onate ,) methanol 'nswer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 11) 4hen hydrogen gas is used to redu"e an ore (as in a 0last !urna"e), it is "on<erted to %%%%%%%%%%& ') ammonia B) helium C) hydrogen pero ide *) water ,) hydro ide 'nswer: * Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 12) The hydrometallurgi"al pro"ess used in re!ining gold ore entails "on<erting metalli" gold to a water-solu0le "omple & The !ormula o! the "omple is %%%%%%%%%%&
+ ') 'u(=$ 3 ) 2 3 B) 'u(C=) + C) 'u(C=) 2 2 *) 'u(C#) + + ,) 'u(C#) +

'nswer: C Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 13) 4hat is the produ"t o! the !ollowing (un0alan"ed) e5uation6 'l2 #3 g $ 2 #(s) + $ 2 #(l) + #$ (a5) ') B) C) *) 'l2 g 2$ 2 # (s) 'l(#$)3 (s) 'l2 (#$)/ (s)

'l3+ (a5) ,) 'l(#$) + (a5) 'nswer: , Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 1+) .ele"ti<ely dissol<ing a metal-"ontaining "ompound !rom an ore is "alled %%%%%%%%%%& ') "on<erting B) sol !ormation C) re!ining *) o idation ,) lea"hing 'nswer: , Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 11) >ro"esses used to redu"e metal ores or to re!ine metals that are 0ased on the pro"ess o! ele"trolysis are "olle"ti<ely re!erred to as %%%%%%%%%%& ') pyrometallurgy B) hydrometallurgy C) ele"trometallurgy *) "al"ination ,) roasting 'nswer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 1/) The transition metals in group %%%%%%%%%% ha<e the highest melting points& ') +B B) 3B C) /B *) 8B ,) 2B 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5 17) 18 ?arat gold "ontains %%%%%%%%%%@ gold& ') 18 B) 21 C) 8: *) 71 ,) 1&(

1(2

'nswer: * Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 18) 12 ?arat gold "ontains %%%%%%%%%%@ gold& ') 12 B) 21 C) 1&( 1(1 *) 71 ,) 1&( 1(2 'nswer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 1:) 2+ ?arat gold "ontains %%%%%%%%%%@ gold& ') 2+ B) 21 C) 1&( 1(1 *) 71 ,) 1&(( 1(2 'nswer: , Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 2() /&( ?arat gold "ontains %%%%%%%%%%@ gold& ') /&( B) 21 C) 1&( 1(1 *) 71 ,) 1&( 1(2 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 21) The ma imum o idation state in the !irst transition series is %%%%%%%%%%& ') )2 B) )+ C) )1 *) )7 ,) )8 'nswer: * Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 22) ;n the se"ond and third transition series, the ma imum o idation state is %%%%%%%%%%& ') )2 B) )+ C) )1 *) )7 ,) )8 'nswer: , Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 23) Most o! the "ompounds o! "opper in the %%%%%%%%%% o idation state are insolu0le in water& ') )1 B) )2 C) )3 *) )7 ,) )/ 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 2+) 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! Cl2 when the !ollowing e5uation is "ompleted and 0alan"ed6 Cr2#7 2 (a5) + Cl (a5) Cr 3+ (a5) + Cl 2 (g) (a"idi" solution) ') 1 B) 3 C) 1 *) / ,) + 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 21) 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! 2e 2+ when the !ollowing e5uation is "ompleted and 0alan"ed6 2e 2+ + $ 2 # 2 2e3+ + $ 2 # (a"idi" solution) ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 2/) The !irst step in the produ"tion o! ni"?el !rom its ore, =i., is to roast it in the presen"e o! o ygen to !orm the metal o ide and .#2 & 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! o ygen when the e5uation !or this rea"tion is "ompleted and 0alan"ed6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: C Diff: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 27) Cu. has a <ery low solu0ility in water& $owe<er, it will dissol<e in nitri" a"id due to the !ollowing rea"tion& Cu.(s) + =#3 (a5) Cu 2+ (a5) + .(s) + =#(g) (a"idi" solution) 4hat is the "oe!!i"ient o! Cu. when this e5uation is 0alan"ed6 ') 1 B) 2 C) 3 *) 1 ,) + 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 23.2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) ' deposit that "ontains a metal in e"onomi"ally e ploita0le 5uantities is "alled a(n) %%%%%%%%%%& ') mineral B) ore C) <ein *) "omsto"? ,) metal 'nswer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 2) 4hi"h o! the !ollowing are not "ommonly used as sour"es o! metals6 ') o ides B) sili"ates C) sul!ides *) "ar0onates ,) 'll o! the a0o<e are "ommonly used sour"es o! metals& 'nswer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 3) Chal"o"ite, "hal"opyrite, and mala"hite are sour"es o! whi"h metal6 ') manganese B) "opper C) titanium *) iron ,) Ain" 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 +) 4hi"h mineral "ontains titanium6 ') pyrolusite B) "hal"opyrite C) galena *) rutile ,) sphalerite 'nswer: * Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 1) 4hi"h statement 0elow is true6 ') =ew mining te"hni5ues and relati<ely untapped ore !ields mean that the en<ironmental impa"ts o! mineral e tra"tion will de"rease signi!i"antly in the !uture& B) There e ists little "orrelation 0etween the a0undan"e o! an element in the lithosphere and its "ommer"ial e tra"tion and use& C) Most metalli" elements are !ound in the lithosphere in o idation state Aero& *) The most important "ommer"ial "lass o! minerals is the sili"ates& ,) The Bnited .tates has plenti!ul ore !ields o! all strategi" metals& 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 /) 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing metalli" elements is most li?ely to 0e !ound as the !ree metal in nature6 ') Ca B) 'u C) 'l *) 2e ,) Li 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 7) The undesira0le material that is separated !rom an ore during the "on"entration pro"ess is "alled %%%%%%%%%%& ') gangue B) lea"hate C) slag *) !lo""ulent ,) sili"ate 'nswer: ' Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 8) The lithosphere is the ') deepest part o! the o"ean& B) portion o! the atmosphere "losest to the ,arth& C) molten "ore o! the ,arth& *) portion o! the atmosphere !urthest !rom the ,arth& ,) solid sur!a"e o! the ,arth& 'nswer: , Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 :) 4hi"h mineral "ontains aluminum6 ') 0au ite B) mala"hite C) "inna0ar *) galena ,) magnetite 'nswer: ' Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 1() Cold and the platinum group metals are !ound in nature in metalli" !orm 0e"ause ') they are solids at room temperature& B) they are highly rea"ti<e& C) they are solu0le in water& *) they are relati<ely inert& ,) they are relati<ely a0undant& 'nswer: * Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 11) ' mineral is ') a solid inorgani" "ompound that "ontains one or more metals& B) a <itamin& C) metal in its elemental !orm& *) a transition metal ion& ,) sour"e o! "ar0on& 'nswer: ' Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 12) 'n alloy is a ') heterogeneous mi ture o! two metals& B) pure metal& C) metalli" material that is "omposed o! two or more elements& *) nonmetal with some properties o! a metal& ,) a mineral "ontaining two or more metals& 'nswer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 13) Metallurgi"al pro"esses that utiliAe high temperatures are "olle"ti<ely "alled %%%%%%%%%%& ') hydrometallurgy B) pyrometallurgy C) ele"trometallurgy *) alloying ,) roasting 'nswer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 1+) The pro"ess o! heating an ore to de"ompose it and release any <olatile produ"ts is re!erred to as %%%%%%%%%%& ') roasting B) smelting C) re!ining *) "al"ination ,) alloying 'nswer: * Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 11) The purpose o! a "on<erter in steel produ"tion is %%%%%%%%%%& ') to redu"e the iron in the ore to elemental B) to remo<e impurity elements 0y o idation C) to allow the !ormation o! phosphides within the metal !or added "orrosion resistan"e *) to allow the addition o! nitrogen !or in"reased strength ,) to allow slow solidi!i"ation o! the molten metal so it will puri!y as it "rystalliAes 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 1/) 4hat is produ"ed when a "ar0onate is "al"ined6 ') the !ree metal and sodium "ar0onate B) the !ree metal and sul!ur dio ide C) the metal o ide and "ar0on dio ide *) water and the metal hydride ,) the !ree metal and "ar0on dio ide 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 17) *uring roasting, the metal rea"ts with %%%%%%%%%%& ') o ygen B) "ar0on mono ide C) sul!ur *) the !urna"e atmosphere ,) iron 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 18) 4hy is either pure o ygen or o ygen diluted with argon used in a "on<erter instead o! air6 ') The "ar0on dio ide in air will "ause the iron to o idiAe and !orm rust& B) The o ygen "on"entration is too low to !un"tion e!!i"iently at remo<ing impurities& C) The "ar0on mono ide in air rea"ts with the iron to !orm a <olatile, and to i", iron "ar0onyl& *) The nitrogen in air will rea"t with iron to !orm iron nitride that will ma?e the iron 0rittle& ,) Be"ause itDs "heaper& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 1:) 4hat happens to the sili"on that is a "ontaminant in "rude iron in a "on<erter6 ') it is "on<erted to the tetra!luoride that 0u00les out as a gas& B) ;t is pre"ipitated as sodium sili"ate& C) ;t is "on<erted to sili"on dio ide and 0e"omes part o! the slag& *) ;t is pre"ipitated as the "ar0ide& ,) ;t is pre"ipitated as iron sili"ate& 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 2() ;n the redu"tion o! iron in a 0last !urna"e, limestone is a sour"e o! %%%%%%%%%% whi"h rea"ts with sili"ates and other "omponents o! the ore to !orm %%%%%%%%%%& ') "o?eE "ar0on mono ide B) hematiteE pig iron C) "al"ium o ideE slag *) magnetiteE steel ,) "al"iumE molten iron 'nswer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 21) 4hi"h rea"tion "ontrols the temperature o! a 0last !urna"e6 ') 2C + # 2 2C# 2 B) C + $ 2# C# + $ 2 C) Ca# + .i# 2 Ca.i#3 *) 2e3# + + +C# 32e + +C# 2 ,) CaC#3 Ca# + C# 2 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 22) 3oasting o! the disul!ide o! moly0denum in # 2 produ"es whi"h produ"ts ') Mo#3 (s) + .# 2 (g) B) Mo(s) + .# 2 ( g) C) Mo#3 (s) + .# 2 (g) *) Mo#3 (s) + .#3 (g) ,) Mo(s) + Mo.(s) + .# 2 (g) 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 23) ' 0asi" slag is needed in steelma?ing to ') remo<e .i#2 as sili"ates& B) redu"e any nitrogen-"ontaining "ompounds to = 2 & C) rea"t with any BrFnsted Lowry a"ids present& *) pro<ide Ca# to remo<e phosphorus o ides as Ca 3 (># + ) 2 & ,) o idiAe any "ar0on-"ontaining "ompounds to C# 2 & 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 2+) .melting is ') melting and su0se5uent rea"tion o! molten ores resulting in the !ormation o! layers& B) heating an ore to ma?e it rea"t with a gas in a !urna"e& C) thermal de"omposition o! an ore with elimination o! a gaseous produ"t& *) addition o! "al"ium to a molten ore& ,) "ooling a molten metal to ma?e it solidi!y& 'nswer: ' Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 21) 4hi"h o! the !ollowing e5uations represents a "al"ination6 ') $g.(s) + # 2 (g) $g(g) + .# 2 (g) B) >0C#3 (s) >0#(s) + C# 2 (g) C) >0#(s) + C#(g) >0(l) + C# 2 (g) *) Ca#(l) + .i# 2 (l) Ca.i#3 (l) ,) 'll o! the a0o<e are "al"ination pro"esses& 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 2/) 4hi"h o! the !ollowing e5uations represents the roasting o! an ore6 ') 'll o! these represent roasting pro"esses& B) $g.(s) + # 2 (g) $g(g) + .# 2 (g) C) >0#(s) + C#(g) >0(l) + C# 2 (g) *) 29n.(s) + 3# 2 (g) 29n#(s) + 2.# 2 (g) ,) 2Mo.2 (s) + 7# 2 (g) 2Mo#3 (s) + +.# 2 (g) 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 27) The purpose o! 0urning "o?e in a 0last !urna"e is ') to produ"e redu"ing gases& B) to produ"e heat& C) to produ"e "ar0on mono ide gas& *) to produ"e hydrogen gas& ,) all o! the a0o<e 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 28) ' mi ture o! o ygen and argon are 0lown through molten iron that is produ"ed in a 0last !urna"e !or the purpose o! ') "ompleting the redu"tion o! iron& B) o idiAing the iron 0e!ore it "ools& C) "ooling the molten iron& *) remo<ing "ar0on, sul!ur, and other impurities& ,) remo<ing other metals& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 2:) .teel is ') an alloy o! iron& B) pure iron& C) o idiAed iron& *) a mi ture o! iron and sil<er& ,) a li5uid at room temperature& 'nswer: ' Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 3() $ydrometallurgy is ') the use o! water to "ool molten metals& B) the use o! high temperature pro"esses to "on"entrate and re!ine metals& C) the use o! water to lo"ate underground ore deposits& *) the use o! a5ueous solutions to e tra"t metals !rom their ores& ,) the use o! high temperature pro"esses to ma?e alloys& 'nswer: * Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 31) 4hat are the produ"ts o! the !ollowing (un0alan"ed) lea"hing pro"ess6 'u(s) + C= (a5) + # 2 (g) + $ 2#(l) ') 'u(C=)3 (s) and #$ (a5) B) 'uC=(s) and #$ (a5) C) 'uC= (s) and $ 2 # 2 (a5) *) 'u(C=) + (a5) and #$ (a5)
,) 'u(C=) 2 (a5) and #$ (a5)

'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 32) 'n ad<antage to lea"hing gold with a5ueous solutions o! "yanide ion is that ') the pro"ess re5uires only one step& B) the gold re"o<ered in this way has higher purity than gold re"o<ered in other ways& C) the method "an 0e used to lo"ate underground gold deposits& *) gold "an 0e re"o<ered !rom <ery low-grade ores 0y this method& ,) the pro"ess is en<ironmentally sa!e& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 33) ' disad<antage to lea"hing gold with a5ueous solutions o! "yanide ion is that ') it re5uires the use o! ores with a <ery high "on"entration o! gold& B) the method does not produ"e gold o! high enough purity& C) the method is a potential en<ironmental haAard& *) sodium "yanide is <ery e pensi<e& ,) it is a "ompli"ated pro"ess re5uiring more than two doAen separate steps& 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 3+) The maGor impurities !ound in 0au ite are %%%%%%%%%%& ') .i#2 and 2e 2 #3 B) 'l2 #3 and $ 2 # C) 2e and $ 2 # *) 'l 2#3 and #$ ,) "ar0on and sali"yli" a"id 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 31) 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing is !alse "on"erning the Bayer >ro"ess6 ') ;t is a hydrometallurgi"al pro"ess& B) ;t in<ol<es treatment o! 0au ite with "old, dilute sodium hydro ide solution& C) ;n the pro"ess, aluminum is "on<erted to a solu0le aluminate ion& *) ;t results in the separation o! aluminum !rom iron and sili"on& ,) ;t is used to puri!y 0au ite& 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 3/) >art o! the Bayer pro"ess in<ol<es the digestion o! "rushed ore in "on"entrated a5ueous sodium hydro ide& This pro"ess "arried out at high pressure %%%%%%%%%%& ') to pre<ent 0oiling B) to pre<ent !ormation o! iron hydro ide C) to pre<ent !ormation o! aluminum hydro ide *) to a""elerate !ormation o! iron hydro ide ,) to lower the 0oiling temperature o! the mi ture 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 37) The metal %%%%%%%%%% is e tra"ted !rom %%%%%%%%%% ore 0y the Bayer pro"ess& ') ironE magnetite B) mer"uryE "inna0ar C) tinE "asserite *) aluminumE 0au ite ,) Ain"E sphalerite 'nswer: * Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy

38) 4hat is the purpose o! adding Ain" powder to a solution o! 'u(C=) 2 6

') to pre"ipitate the "yanide-gold "omple B) to redu"e the gold in the "yanide "omple to gold metal C) to pre"ipitate the "yanide ion *) to o idiAe the gold in the "yanide "omple to gold metal ,) to !orm a gold-Ain" alloy 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 3:) ;n the Bayer pro"ess, the purpose o! !iltration a!ter the ore has 0een digested in "on"entrated sodium hydro ide is %%%%%%%%%%& ') to separate the solu0le aluminum "omple !rom the insolu0le iron impurities B) to separate the insolu0le aluminum o ide !rom the solu0le iron impurity C) to separate the aluminum metal !rom the hydro ide ions *) to remo<e the sodium ions !rom the sodium hydro ide solution ,) to remo<e the anode sludge 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3 +() ;n the Bayer pro"ess, the purpose o! lowering the p$ a!ter the digested ore has 0een !iltered is %%%%%%%%%%& ') to pre"ipitate the iron hydro ide B) to pre"ipitate the iron o ide C) to pre"ipitate the aluminum hydro ide *) the dissol<e the remaining ore ,) to dissol<e the remaining impurities 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.3

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy +1) The anode sludges !rom "opper re!ining are important sour"es o! what metal(s)6 ') gold B) sil<er C) aluminum *) 0oth ' and B ,) all o! the a0o<e 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4 +2) The $all pro"ess is ') the pyrometallurgi" pro"ess used to produ"e iron& B) the pyrometallurgi" pro"ess used to produ"e aluminum& C) the ele"trolyti" pro"ess used to produ"e aluminum& *) the hydrometallurgi" pro"ess to produ"e aluminum& ,) the ele"trolyti" pro"ess used to produ"e iron& 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4 +3) The produ"t in the $all ele"trometallurgi"al pro"ess is ') "opper& B) iron& C) aluminum& *) gold& ,) sil<er& 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy ++) The respe"ti<e standard o idation potentials !or Cu Cu 2+ , =i =i 2+ , and 'g 'g + are (in H) -(&3+, )(&28and -(&8(& ;mpure "opper sla0s at the anode are re!ined ele"tro"hemi"ally, a!!ording mu"h purer metalli" "opper at the "athode& 4hi"h statement 0elow is true6 ') Cu is o idiAed pre!erentially o<er 0oth =i and 'g, so 0oth =i and 'g metals are separated as sludges 0elow the anode& B) =i is o idiAed pre!erentially o<er Cu, and =i 2+ is redu"ed mu"h less readily than Cu 2+ , so =i is separated as =i 2+ in the ele"trolyte solution& C) 'g is o idiAed pre!erentially o<er Cu, and 'g + is redu"ed mu"h less readily than + Cu 2+ , so 'g is separated as 'g in the ele"trolyte solution& *) 'g is o idiAed pre!erentially o<er Cu, and 'g + is redu"ed mu"h more readily than Cu 2+ , so 'g plates out with Cu at the "athode and "annot readily 0e remo<ed !rom impure "opper& ,) Both =i and 'g are o idiAed pre!erentially o<er Cu and =i 2+ , and 'g + is redu"ed mu"h less readily than Cu 2+ , so =i and 'g are separated as =i 2+ and 'g + in the ele"trolyte solution& 'nswer: B Diff: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4 +1) ;n the Bayer pro"ess, what is the produ"t o! "al"ination o! the aluminum hydro ide re"o<ered !rom the digestion in 0ase6 ') 'l I $2#(s) B) 'l (s) C) 'l(#$)3 (s) *) 'l2 #3 (s)
,) 'l(#$) + (a5)

'nswer: * Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy +/) 'nhydrous aluminum o ide is dissol<ed in molten "ryolite rather than simply melted 0e"ause %%%%%%%%%% ') the "ryolite a"tually pro<ides the aluminum that is to 0e redu"ed& B) the "ryolite pro<ides a sour"e o! sodium ions& C) the melting point o! pure, anhydrous aluminum o ide is too high& *) in pure, molten 'l2#3 , the aluminum would 0e o idiAed rather than redu"ed& ,) the "ryolite pro<ides the ne"essary !luoride ions& 'nswer: C Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4 +7) Cal"ium "hloride is added to sodium "hloride prior to melting it !or ele"trolysis in a *owns "ell %%%%%%%%%%& ') to lower the melting point B) to in"rease the "on"entration o! "hloride ions C) to ma?e the sodium ions easier to redu"e *) to ma?e the "hloride ions easier to o idiAe ,) to pro<ide "al"ium ions whi"h ser<e as the "athode 'nswer: ' Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4 +8) .odium metal "annot 0e produ"ed 0y ele"trolysis o! an a5ueous solution o! sodium "hloride 0e"ause %%%%%%%%%% ') the "ar0on anode is more easily redu"ed than sodium ions& B) water is more easily o idiAed than sodium metal& C) the produ"tion o! "hlorine gas inter!eres with the redu"tion o! sodium ions& *) the iron "athode would 0e "orroded 0y the salt water& ,) water is more easily redu"ed than sodium ions& 'nswer: , Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.4

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy +:) 4hi"h property o! metals "annot 0e e plained with the electron-sea model6 ') shine B) high thermal "ondu"ti<ity C) high ele"tri" "ondu"ti<ity *) mallea0ility and du"tility ,) trends in melting points 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5 1() Transition metals ha<e energy 0ands "omposed o! two states, low energy and high energy& 4hat elements ha<e !illed low energy states and empty high energy states6 ') Ti, 9r, $! B) Cr, Mo, 4 C) Co, 3h, ;r *) Cu, 'g, 'u ,) 9n, Cd, $g 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5 11) 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing is a property o! most metals6 ') low melting point B) 0rittleness C) high ele"tronegati<ity *) thermal "ondu"ti<ity ,) a"idi" o ides 'nswer: * Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 12) The mole"ular-or0ital model !or Ce shows it to 0e ') a "ondu"tor, 0e"ause all the lower energy 0and or0itals are !illed and the gap 0etween the lower and higher 0ands is large& B) an insulator, 0e"ause all the lower energy 0and or0itals are !illed and the gap 0etween the lower and higher 0ands is large& C) a semi"ondu"tor, 0e"ause the gap 0etween the !illed lower and empty higher energy 0ands is relati<ely small& *) a semi"ondu"tor, 0e"ause the gap 0etween the !illed lower and empty higher energy 0ands is large& ,) a "ondu"tor, 0e"ause its lower energy 0and or0itals are only partially !illed& 'nswer: C Diff: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5 13) ;! the ele"troni" stru"ture o! a solid su0stan"e "onsists o! a <alen"e 0and that is "ompletely !illed with ele"trons and there is a large energy gap to the ne t set o! or0itals, then this su0stan"e will 0e a(n) %%%%%%%%%%& ') alloy B) insulator C) "ondu"tor *) semi"ondu"tor ,) nonmetal 'nswer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5 1+) 4hi"h statement a0out steel is !alse6 ') ;t is a polymer& B) ;t is an alloy o! iron& C) ;t "an ha<e di!!erent per"entages o! "ar0on& *) ;t "an 0e made so it resists rust& ,) none o! the a0o<e 'nswer: ' Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1, 23.6

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 11) 2or a su0stitutional alloy to !orm, the two metals "om0ined must ha<e similar ') ioniAation potential and ele"tron a!!inity& B) num0er o! <alan"e ele"trons and ele"tronegati<ity& C) redu"tion potential and siAe& *) atomi" radii and "hemi"al 0onding properties& ,) 0and gap and rea"ti<ity& 'nswer: * Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 1/) 4hat is the typi"al e!!e"t o! the addition o! an interstitial element on the properties o! a metal6 ') in"rease in mallea0ility and "orrosion resistan"e B) in"rease in hardness and strength, de"rease in du"tility C) de"rease in melting point and in"rease in du"tility *) de"rease in "ondu"ti<ity and in"rease in 0rittleness ,) in"reased sur!a"e luster 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 17) $eterogeneous alloys ') do not ha<e uni!orm "omposition throughout& B) ha<e properties that depend on "omposition& C) ha<e properties that depend on the manner in whi"h the melt is solidi!ied& *) ha<e properties that depend on the manner in whi"h the solid is !ormed& ,) 'll o! the a0o<e are true& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 18) ;ntermetalli" "ompounds are e amples o! ') homogeneous alloys& B) heterogeneous alloys& C) interstitial alloys& *) solution alloys& ,) ioni" "ompounds& 'nswer: ' Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 1:) 4hi"h o! the !ollowing is not an alloy6 ') 0rass B) steel C) sterling sil<er *) dental amalgam ,) "erami" 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 /() 'lloys generally di!!er !rom "ompounds in that ') the !ormer always "ontain some "ar0on& B) the !ormer always "ontain some iron& C) the !ormer always ha<e semi"ondu"tor properties& *) the atomi" ratios o! the "onstituent elements in the !ormer are not !i ed and may <ary o<er a wide range& ,) the !ormer ne<er "ontain a transition element& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy /1) 4hi"h element is typi"ally not added to steel to modi!y its properties6 ') "ar0on B) <anadium C) "hromium *) nitrogen ,) ni"?el 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 /2) .hape memory alloys %%%%%%%%%%& ') "hange their stru"ture as the temperature "hanges B) in their lower temperature phase ha<e a !le i0le arrangement 0etween atoms C) in their higher temperature phase ha<e strong and !i ed 0onds 0etween atoms *) are more plia0le when "old than when warm ,) all o! the a0o<e 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 /3) #! the !ollowing, whi"h is a 0ul? property6 ') ele"tron "on!iguration B) ioniAation energy C) melting point *) atomi" radius ,) atomi" num0er 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy /+) 4hat two o idation states are more !re5uently o0ser<ed in the !irst transition series than in the third6 ') )3 and )7 B) )2 and )3 C) )2 and )7 *) )1 and )/ ,) )3 and )1 'nswer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 /1) .alts o! whi"h o! the !ollowing transition metals are orange6 ') Mn 2+ B) 9n 2+ C) =i 2+ *) Co 2+ ,) 2e 2+ 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 //) ' su0stan"e with unpaired ele"trons will 0e ') slightly attra"ted to a magnet& B) slightly repelled 0y a magnet& C) permanently magneti"& *) 0rightly "olored& ,) nonmetalli"& 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy /7) The lanthanide "ontra"tion is responsi0le !or the !a"t that ') 9r and J ha<e a0out the same radius& B) 9r and =0 ha<e similar o idation states& C) 9r and $! ha<e a0out the same radius& *) 9r and 9n ha<e similar o idation states& ,) 9r and $! ha<e the same o idation states& 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 /8) 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing is not true a0out transition metals6 ') They !re5uently ha<e more than one "ommon o idation state& B) Their "ompounds are !re5uently "olored& C) Their "ompounds !re5uently e hi0it magneti" properties& *) They are !ound in the d-0lo"? o! the periodi" ta0le& ,) They typi"ally ha<e low melting points& 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 /:) 3ea"tion o! iron with whi"h one o! the !ollowing a"ids will result in the dire"t produ"tion o! 2e3+ 6 ') $=#3 B) $Cl C) $; *) C$ 3C##$ ,) dilute $ 2.# + 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 7() 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing "opper "ompounds is 0la"? in "olor6 ') Cu; B) Cu.# + 2+ C) Cu($ 2 #) + *) CuCl 2 ,) Cu# 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 71) 4hi"h o! the !ollowing "opper "ompounds pre<ents algae growth6 ') Cu. B) Cu.# + C) Cu(#$) 2 *) Cu(=#3 ) 2 ,) CuCl 2 'nswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 72) ' small amount o! 0arium "hloride solution is added to a 0lue solution& ' white pre"ipitate !orms& The 0lue solution "ontains ') =i.# + B) CuCl 2 C) Cu.# + *) Cu(=#3 )3 ,) CoCl 2 'nswer: C Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 73) 4hen "opper(;;) hydro ide is heated, %%%%%%%%%% and %%%%%%%%%% are !ormed& ') Cu(s), $ 2 #(l) B) Cu#(s), $ 2 #(l) C) Cu(s), #$ (g) *) Cu#$(s) + $ 2#(g) ,) Cu$ 2 (s) + # 2 (g) 'nswer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 7+) 4hi"h one o! the !ollowing "ompounds is yellow6 ') Cr(=#3 )3 B) CrCl3 C) K 2 Cr# + *) (=$ + )2 Cr2 #7 ,) CCl 2 'nswer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 71) 'n a5ueous solution o! 2e(=#3 )3 will slowly !orm a red-0rown pre"ipitate due to the !ormation o! %%%%%%%%%%& ') 2e(#$)3 B) 2e3# + C) 2e# *) 2e(#$) 2 ,) 2e# 2 'nswer: ' Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 7/) The hydrated ni"?el(;;) ion is ') orange& B) 0lue& C) yellow& *) green& ,) "olorless& 'nswer: * Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 77) The hydrated manganese(;;) ion is ') orange& B) 0lue& C) yellow& *) <iolet& ,) "olorless& 'nswer: , Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 23.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Ci<e the name and !ormula o! the two important ores o! iron& 'nswer: hematite, 2e 2#3 , and magnetite, 2e3# + Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 2) 4hat is the name and the !ormula o! the most use!ul ore o! aluminum6 'nswer: 0au ite, 'l2 #3 g $ 2# Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 3) 4rite the two rea"tions that are used to "ontrol the temperature in a 0last !urna"e and indi"ate whi"h pro<ides heat and whi"h "ools& 'nswer 2C(s) + # 2 (g) 2C#(g) , pro<ides heat C(s) + $ 2 #(g) C#(g) + $ 2 (g) , "ools Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 +) ' material that "ontains more than one element and has the "hara"teristi" properties o! metals is "alled a (an) %%%%%%%%%%& 'nswer: alloy Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 1) 4hat two metals are alloyed to produ"e sterling sil<er6 'nswer: sil<er and "opper Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.6 /) Most o! the metals in the third transition series ha<e a0out the same atomi" radius as the elements a0o<e them in se"ond transition series& This is a result o! %%%%%%%%%%& 'nswer: the lanthanide "ontra"tion Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 7) *raw a diagram o! the short-hand ground state ele"tron "on!iguration o! Ain"& 'nswer: L'rM Diff: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy 8) Most transition metal ions "ontain partially o""upied %%%%%%%%%% su0shells& 'nswer: d Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 :) ' su0stan"e is %%%%%%%%%% i! its ions or atoms ha<e one or more unpaired ele"trons& 'nswer: paramagneti" Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 1() The two more "ommon o idation states o! "hromium are %%%%%%%%%% and %%%%%%%%%%& 'nswer: 3)E /) Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.7 11) %%%%%%%%%% arises when the unpaired ele"trons o! the atoms or ions in a solid are in!luen"ed 0y the orientations o! the ele"trons o! their neigh0ors& 'nswer: 2erromagnetism Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 12) The "ondensation rea"tion o! "hromi" a"id produ"es %%%%%%%%%% and %%%%%%%%%%& 'nswer: di"hromate ionE water Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 13) ;ron o!ten appears in natural waters 0e"ause dissol<ed C# 2 and water "ome in "onta"t with deposits o! %%%%%%%%%%& 'nswer: 2eC#3 Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy

3+ 1+) 2e(#$)3 pre"ipitates !rom 2e($ 2 #) / 0y ma?ing the solution more %%%%%%%%%%&

'nswer: 0asi" Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8 23.4 True/ alse Questions 1) Cangue is the unwanted material that a""ompanies an ore when it is mined& 'nswer: True Diff: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 23.1 2) Cal"ining is the heating an ore to 0ring a0out the elimination o! "al"ium salts& 'nswer: 2alse Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 3) The purpose o! the limestone used in a 0last !urna"e is to !orm slag& 'nswer: True Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 +) ;n a 0last !urna"e, "o?e is used to pro<ide the needed heat and to pro<ide "ar0on mono ide to a"t as a redu"ing agent& 'nswer: True Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.2 1) Many metals are du"tile, whi"h means that they "an 0e hammered into thin sheets& 'nswer: 2alse Diff: 2 Page Ref: Sec. 23.5

Chemistry, 11e (Brown/LeMay/Brusten/Murphy) Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy /) Chromium is in the )/ o idation state in 0oth "hromate and di"hromate anions& 'nswer: True Diff: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 23.8