Donovan - Gohlke

Jennifer Donovan - Warren Mott Ryan Gohlke - Sterling Heights

 To prove whether the unknown metal rods were Zinc by measuring the specific heat and linear thermal expansion, and comparing it to Zincs known values.

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 Specific Heat the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a given substance of a given amount by one degree Linear Thermal Expansion the change in linear dimension, length Intensive properties
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 First Law of Thermodynamics Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only changed Isolated System system that releases neither energy nor matter example: Calorimeter

Kinetic Molecular Theory Observed when an object is heated up

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 Initially discovered through ores 1374 - eighth metal known to man in that point in time

1743 - first European Zinc smelter used a vertical retort procedure

Zinc production in the United States started in 1850 Today, U.S. and Canada are leading producers of Zinc
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 Heating Zinc Sulfide, ZnS, concentrate to 950C Produces Zinc Oxide, ZnO Purer state with process called electrowinning converting into Zinc Sulfate, ZnSO4 Separated through electrolysis containing Zinc ions, Zn ZnS(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 ZnO(s) + 2 SO2(g) ZnO(s) + H2SO4(l) ZnSO4(s) + H2O(l) 2 ZnSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l) 2 Zn(s) + 2 H2SO4(l) + O2(g)
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Symbol: Zn Atomic number: 30 Atomic weight: 65.38 Standard state: solid at 298 K Electron Structure
4s2 3s2 2s2 1s2 3p6 2p6 3d10

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Air-batteries Brass Countertops Deodorants Healing wounds and sore eyes Paints Produced in the U.S. one cent penny Chocolate and cocoa powder
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 Important quality in the food industry because it determines the amount of energy that must be supplied or withdrawn from a material in order to increase or decrease its temperature by a given amount

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 Gaining knowledge of fluctuating temperatures do not cause the roads and structures to crumble from being expanded easily

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 Zinc will equal unknown metal if the average is less than 5% error
Specific heat of 0.39 (J/g*C) Linear thermal expansion coefficient of 3.02 10-5 C-1

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Temperature Probe

Calorimeters

Logger Pro

Known/ Unknown Metal Rods

Electronic Thermometer

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Trials

Rod

Initial Temperature (C) Water Metal 98.9

Change in Equilibrium Temperature Temperature (C)

(C) 23.4

Mass (g)
Metal Water 28.1 65.0

Water Metal 3.0 -75.5

Specific Heat (J/g*C) 0.385

Average N/A

20.4

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Trials

Initial Temperatur Equilibriu Ro m e (C) Temperatu d Wate re (C) Metal r 23.0 99.2
30.2

Change in Temperature (C) Water

Mass(g) Wate r 65.0

Metal Metal

Specific Heat (J/g*C)

Averag N/A e

7.2

-69.0 72.98

0.389

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Experiment Percent Zinc al Value Error Average 0.385 -1.37 Experiment Percent Unknown al Value Error Average 0.389 -0.21

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 Fail to reject tH0 Two-Sample

test H0: z = u P-value 0.4001 is greater than the alpha level of 0.10 Ha: z u

Evidence the two metals could be the same 40.01% chance of having Zinc

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Known/Unknown Metal Rods

LTE Jig with Dial Measuring 0.01 mm

Caliper

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Net. Chang Final Initial Change Final Initial Alpha Ro e in Trials Length Length in Temp. Temp. Coefficie d Temp. (mm) (mm) Length (C) (C) nt (C-1) (C) (mm) Averag 1.691Ee N/A 129.55 129.39 0.16 24.9 98.9 -74.0 05

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Net. Chang Final Initial Change Final Initial Alpha Ro e in Trials Length Length in Temp. Temp. Coefficie d Temp. (mm) (mm) Length (C) (C) nt (C-1) (C) (mm) Averag 1.409EN/A e 132.28 132.14 0.14 23.6 98.8 -75.2 05

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Experiment Percent Zinc al Value Error -5 -1 10 C Average 1.69 -44.01 Experiment Percent Unknown al Value Error -5 -1 10 C Average 1.41 -53.36
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 H0 Reject Two-sample t-test

H0: z = u p-value Ha: z of 0.0000 is less than the alpha level of u

0.10 Evidence the two metals are not the same 0% chance the two metals are the same
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 Reject hypothesis Specific Heat: Zinc: -1.37% Unknown: -0.21% Linear Thermal Expansion: Zinc: -44.01% Unknown: -53.36%
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 Temperature of water in calorimeters was not constant Heat was lost when the metal was transferred from the boiling water to the calorimeter When the metal was transferred from the boiling water to the linear thermal expansion jig, the metal rod would shrink in a fractional length before being placed in the jig.
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 Time Assumption that the heat of the metal was the same as the heat of the water

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 Density Melting point Conductivity

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Special thanks to Mr. Koburg Thank you to the upper classmen Thanks to Mrs. Hilliard, Mrs. Dewey, and Mr. Supal

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ACS. "American Chemical Society - The World's Largest Scientific Society." American Chemical Society - The World's Largest Scientific Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2013. <http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true>. Boston University. "Temperature and Thermal Expansion." Temperature and Thermal Expansion. Web. 19 May 2012. <http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/Temperature.html>. De Leon, N. "Specific Heat." Specific Heat. Tracklit. Web. 19 May 2012.<http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/matter-andenergy/specificheat.html>. Engineering Toolbox, "Metals - Specific Heats." Metals - Specific Heats. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. <http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specificheatmetals-d_152.html>. Fine Ceramics World. "Thermal - Thermal Expansion | Characteristics of Fine Ceramics | FINE CERAMICS WORLD - All About Advanced Ceramics." Thermal - Thermal Expansion | Characteristics of Fine Ceramics | FINE CERAMICS WORLD About Advanced Ceramics -. N.p.,30 Donovan-- All Gohlke n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.

International Zinc Association, "History of Zinc." Zinc History. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. <http://www.zinc.org/basics/history_of_zinc>. Kwanga. "Chemistry Lab: Specific Heat of a Metal." Chemistry Lab. Web. <http://www.kwanga.net/chemnotes/specific-heat-lab.pdf>. St. Louis Community College. "Coefficient of Thermal Linear Expansion." 23 Sept. 1997. Florissant Valley. 7 Apr. 2013 <http://users.stlcc.edu/cburkhardt/sum/lab/thermal.pdf>. Tipler, Paul A. "Thermal Expansion Equations and Formulas Calculator." Thermal Expansion Equations Formulas Calculator. Worth Publisher. Web. 19 May 2012. <http://www.ajdesigner.com/phpthermalexpansion/thermal_expansio n_equation_linear_coefficient.php>. TMB. "TMB Plumbing Engineer - Features: November 2006: Thermal Expansion." TMB. Plumbing Engineer. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. <http://www.plumbingengineer.com/nov_06/thermal.php> Toolbox. "Thermal Expansion - Linear." Thermal Expansion - Linear. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. <http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/linearthermal-expansion-d_1379.html>. USEPA, "Primary Metals." Zinc Processing. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. <http://www.wmrc.uiuc.edu/info/library_docs/manuals/primmetals/c Donovan - Gohlke 31 hapter7.htm>.

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