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Lecture Supplemental Materials Scale of Things, BioMolecular Structures, Bonding and Interactions, Water and Solvation, DNA/RNA and Proteins
Michael J. Heller, PhD
Departments Nanoengineering/Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA
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Exon Intron
Certain single base mismatches cause serious disease Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia (numerous other genetic diseases and cancers)
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Nucleus
Lehninger pp. 36
Fluorescent micrograph of cell in mitosis, green F spindle microtubules, red F centromeres, blue F condensed chromosomes. Mol Bio Cell 4ed pp. 556
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids DNA Hybridization Process Denaturation and Annealing
FIGURE 8-29 DNA hybridization. Two DNA samples to be compared are completely denatured by heating. When the two solutions are mixed and slowly cooled, DNA strands of each sample associate with their normal complementary partner and anneal to form duplexes. If the two DNAs have significant sequence similarity, they also tend to form partial duplexes or hybrids with each other: the greater the sequence similarity between the two DNAs, the greater the number of hybrids formed. Hybrid formation can be measured in several ways. One of the DNAs is usually labeled with a radioactive isotope to simplify the measurements. 39
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Hybridzation - Heat denaturation, melting temperature (tm), other factors
Temperature, pH, size (# bps), G/C to A/T ratio, ionic strength, chem denaturants, detergents, chaotropics Stringency (high and low)
mheller@.ucsd.edu
Office: Atkinson Hall, Rm 2312 Phone: 858-822-5699