Grammar plus answer key

Unit 1
1 Past tense
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. did you grow up/are you from Did you live When did you move did you go when did you come/get

Unit 3
1 Evaluations and comparisons
A
Answers may vary. Some possible answers: 2. This street isnt quiet enough. This street is too noisy. 3. This house doesnt have enough bedrooms. This house is too small for us. This house has too few bedrooms for us. 4. This living room isnt spacious enough. This living room doesnt have enough space. This living room is too cramped/small.

2 Used to
1. A: Hey, Dad. What kinds of clothes did you use to wear you know, when you were a kid? B: Oh, we used to wear jeans and T-shirts like you kids do now. A: Really? Did Mom use to dress like that, too? B: No, not really. She never used to like wearing pants. She always used to wear skirts and dresses. 2. A: Did you use to play a sport when you were a kid? B: Well, I used to be a swimmer. My sister and I used to swim on a team. A: Wow, thats cool! Were you good? B: Yeah. I used to win gold medals all the time. And my sister used to be the fastest swimmer on the team.

B
Answers may vary. Some possible answers: 2. My old neighborhood isnt as safe as this one. 3. This apartment has (just) as much privacy as my old one. 4. My rent isnt as high as it used to be.

2 Wish
2. f 3. b 4. e 5. a 6. d

Unit 4
1 Simple past vs. present perfect
1. A: What did you have for dinner last night? B: I tried Indian food for the rst time. Have you ever had it? A: A friend and I ate at an Indian restaurant just last week. It was delicious! 2. A: Have you ever taken a cooking class? B: No, I havent. How about you? A: I have taken a few classes. My last class was in December. We learned how to make some wonderful Spanish dishes. 3. A: I watched a great cooking show on TV yesterday. B: Really? I have never seen a cooking show. Was it boring? A: No, it wasnt. It was very interesting!

Unit 2
1 Expressions of quantity
1. A: Theres too much trac in this city. There should be fewer cars downtown. B: The problem is there isnt enough public transportation. A: Youre right. We should have more buses. There arent enough of them during rush hour. 2. A: How do you like your new neighborhood? B: Its terrible, actually. Theres too much noise and too little parking. A: Thats too bad. There arent enough parking spaces in my neighborhood either. 3. A: Did you hear about the changes to the city center? Starting next month, there will be more bicycle lanes and less street parking. B: Thats good. There is too much pollution downtown. Im sure there will be fewer accidents, too. A: Thats true.

2 Sequence adverbs
Step 1: First, put 2 pounds of chopped beef in a bowl. Step 2: Then add salt and pepper to the meat in the bowl. Step 3: Next, mix the meat and the salt and pepper together. Step 4: After that, form the meat into four burgers with your hands. Step 5: Finally, put the burgers in a pan and cook for ten minutes.

2 Indirect quetions from Wh-questions

Answers may vary. Some possible answers: 2. And could you tell me where I can nd a good restaurant? 3. Do you know what the name of the restaurant is? 4. Can you tell me what type of food they serve? 5. Do you know what time the restaurant opens?

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Unit 5
1 Future with be going to and will
B: Im not sure. Im really tired, so I probably wont do anything exciting. Maybe Ill see a movie on Saturday. How about you? How are you going to spend your weekend? A: My wife and I are going to do some work on our house. Were going to paint the living room on Saturday. On Sunday, were going to clean all the rugs. B: Are(nt) you going to do anything fun? A: Oh, I think well have/re going to have a lot of fun. We like working around the house. And Sundays my birthday, so were going to have dinner at my favorite Italian restaurant. B: Now that sounds like fun!

Unit 7
1 I  nfinitives and gerunds for uses and purposes
2. 3. 4. a. I use my smartphone/it to take pictures. b. I use my smartphone/it for taking pictures. a. You use a ash drive/it to back up les. b. You use a ash drive/it for backing up les. a.  He would only use a laptop/it to watch movies and play games. b.  He would only use a laptop/it for watching movies and playing games. 5. a.  I use my computer/it to shop online and do research. b.  I use my computer/it for shopping online and doing research.

2 Modals for necessity and suggestions

1. You must show identication at the airport. They wont allow you on a plane without an ocial ID. 2. Your ID needs to have a picture of you on it. Its required. 3. The picture of you has to be recent. They wont accept an old photo. 4. Travelers should get to the airport at least two hours before their ight. Its not a good idea to get there later than that. 5. All travelers have to go through airport security. Its necessary for passenger safety. 6. Many airlines dont serve food, so passengers on long ights probably ought to buy something to eat at the airport.

2 I  mperatives and infinitives for giving suggestions

2. Try not to talk on the phone when youre in an elevator. 3. Be sure not to eat or drink anything when youre at the computer. 4. Remember to clean your computer screen and keyboard once a week. 5. Make sure not to use your tablet outside when its raining. 6. When the bell rings to start class, be sure to put your music player away!

Unit 8
1 Relative clauses of time
2. Its a wonderful time when people give thanks for the good things in their lives. 3. Its a day when everyone eats much more than usual. 4. I remember one particular year when the whole family came to our house. 5. That was a very cold year/Thanksgiving when it snowed all (Thanksgiving) day. 6. That was also the year/Thanksgiving when my brother and I baked eight pies.

Unit 6
1 T  wo-part verbs; will for responding to requests
2. 3. 4. 5. A: Turn on the lights, please. B: OK. Ill turn them on. A: Please turn down your music. B: OK. Ill turn it down. A: Clean the kitchen up, please. B: OK. Ill clean it up. A: Turn your phone o, please. B: OK. Ill turn it o.

2 Adverbial clauses of time

2. a.  Students gather to put on robes and special hats before the ceremony starts. b.  Before the ceremony starts, students gather to put on robes and special hats. 3. a.  When the music plays, the students walk in a line to their seats. b.  The students walk in a line to their seats when the music plays. 4. a.  After school ocials and teachers make speeches, students get their diplomas. b.  Students get their diplomas after school ocials and teachers make speeches. 5. a.  When the ceremony is nished, students throw their hats into the air and cheer. b.  Students throw their hats into the air and cheer when the ceremony is nished.

2 R  equests with modals and Would you mind . . . ?

2. Would you mind putting your shoes by the door? 3. Would you mind not leaving dishes in the sink? 4. Can you change the TV channel? 5. Would you mind not playing ball inside? 6. Would you mind cleaning up your mess? 7. Can you put away the clean towels? 8. Could you pick up your things?

Grammar plus answer key

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Unit 9
1 Time contrasts
A: I saw a fascinating program last night. It talked about the past, the present, and the future. B: What kinds of things did it describe? A: Well, for example, the normal work week in the 20th century was 35 hours. Nowadays, many people work/are working more than 40 hours a week. B: Well, that doesnt sound like progress. A: Youre right. On the show, they said that most people will work/might work fewer hours in the future. They also talked about the way we shop. These days, many of us shop online. In the old days, there were no supermarkets, so people had to/ used to have to go to lots of dierent stores. In the future, people will do/are going to do all their shopping online. B: I dont believe that. A: Me neither. What about cars? Do you think people will still drive/are still going to drive cars a hundred years from now? B: What did they say on the show? A: They said that before the car, people used to walk/walked everywhere. Nowadays, we drive everywhere. And that isnt going to change/s not going to change/wont change.

Unit 11
1 Passive with by (simple past)
2. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie in 1898. 3. The rst aspirin was made by Dr. Felix Homann in 1899. 4. The World Wide Web was developed by Tim BernersLee in 1989. 5. The planet Uranus was identied in 1781 by William Herschel. 6. The opera Carmen was written by Georges Bizet in the 1870s.

2 Passive without by (simple present)

2. Diamonds and gold from South Africa are imported by countries all over the world. 3. The U.S. dollar is used in Puerto Rico. 4. Hawaii is known for its beautiful beaches. 5. Many electronic products are exported by Japan and Korea. Its an important industry for these two countries. 6. The economy in many island countries, such as Jamaica, is based on tourism.

Unit 12
1 Past continuous vs. simple past
A: Did you see the storm yesterday? B: Yes! It started while I was driving to work. A: We nally moved to a larger apartment. B:  Thats good. I know you were living in a tiny place when your daughter was born. 4. A:  My sister had a bad accident. She hurt her back when she was lifting weights at the gym. B:  That happened to me last year, but I wasnt lifting weights. I was taking a boxing class and I tripped. 2. 3.

2 Conditional sentences with if clauses

2. If you join a gym, exercise will become part of your routine. 3. You wont have to worry about staying in shape if you work out three or four times a week. 4. If you ride a bike or run a few times a week, youll lose weight and gain muscle. 5. Youll sleep better at night if you exercise regularly. 6. If you start exercising, you might not have as many colds and other health problems.

Unit 10
1 Gerunds; short responses
2. A:  Im not interested in reading about politics or politicians. B: Neither am I. 3. A: Im good at remembering peoples names. B: So am I. 4. A: I dont mind working on weekends. B: Neither do I. 5. A: I enjoy going for long walks in my free time. B: So do I. 6. A: Im not good at managing time well. B: Neither am I.

2 Present perfect continuous

1. A: What have you been doing all day? B:  Ive been cleaning the house, and Peter has been watching TV. He hasnt been feeling very well lately. A: How have you been feeling these days? B:  Ive been feeling great. I havent been eating any junk food, and Ive been exercising a lot. Ive been taking really good care of myself. 2. A: How long have you and Joe been dating? B:  Weve been going out together for almost a year. Can you believe it? A:  Maya and I have been dating for even longer. I think its time to get married. Weve been talking about it a lot lately. B:  Joe and I havent been talking about marriage, but Ive been thinking about it.

2 Clauses with because

2. I wouldnt make a good high school teacher because Im not patient enough to work with kids. 3. I wouldnt want to be a ight attendant because Im afraid of ying. 4. I could never be an accountant because Im really bad with numbers. 5. I would make a bad journalist because I dont write very well. 6. Id be an excellent lawyer because I love arguing with people.

Unit 13
1 Participles as adjectives
2. Kristen Stewart is an amazing actress. Im amazed by her talent. 3. Are you interested in computer-generated special eects? The latest 3D movies are very interesting.

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Grammar plus answer key

4. I had an embarrassing experience the last time I went to the movies. I started to cough, and I couldnt stop. I was really embarrassed. 5. Julie and I saw the new Pirates of the Caribbean movie. I found it amusing, but Julie didnt seem very amused by it. 6. Oh, Im really disgusted with Jeremy right now. He took me to the most disgusting movie last night. I wanted to walk out after half an hour, but he wouldnt leave! 7. Do you think sci- movie directors make their lms confusing intentionally? I get so confused by the complicated storylines and weird characters. 8. I think that great books make great movies. If I nd a book fascinating, Im usually fascinated by the movie also.

4. A:  You can put your bike in the bike room downstairs, if you want. Its much safer than locking it up outside. B:  Oh, thats great! Ill do that. I didnt know about the bike room.

Unit 15
1 Unreal conditional sentences with if
1. A:  If a friend asked to borrow some money, what would you say? B:  Well, if I had any extra money that month, I would probably give it to her. 2. A:  What would/could you do if someone gave you a million dollars? B:  Hmm, Im not sure. I could/might buy a lot of nice clothes and jewelry, or I could/might spend some and give some away, or I could/ might put it all in the bank. 3. A:  If you thought a friend was doing something dangerous, would you say something to him, or would you keep quiet? B: I would denitely talk to my friend about it. 4. A:  What would you do if you had a problem with your boss? B:  Thats a hard one. If that happened, I might talk to the Human Resources department about it, or I might/could just sit down with my boss and talk about the situation.

2 Relative clauses for people and things

A: How did you like the movie last night? Was it any good? B: It wasnt bad, but its not the kind of movie that makes you think. I like lms that have a strong message and interesting storylines. A: How about the acting? Did you like the actors who star in it? B: Cameron Diaz is pretty good, actually. A: Oh, shes the blonde actress who was going out with Justin Timberlake. B: Justin who? Whos that? A: Oh, you know him. Hes the one who was in the band N Sync years ago. It was a boy band that was popular in the 1990s. B: I remember N Sync, but I dont remember the names of the guys who were in the band. A: Well, I loved Justin Timberlake when I was a kid. And hes not a bad actor. Did you see the movie The Social Network? B: I did see that. Its about the guys who started Facebook, right? I didnt realize Justin Timberlake was in it. Now Ill have to see it again!

2 Past modals
2. You should have written a note and left the mail in your box. 3. I would have told her the truth. 4. I would have told her I wasnt interested and hung up (the phone).

Unit 16
1 Reported speech: requests
2. Tyler said to meet him in the cafeteria at school at noon. 3. Tyler told him/Harry not to leave his shoes in the living room. 4. Tyler said to hang up his wet towels. 5. Tyler asked him/Harry to stop using his/Tylers phone. 6. Tyler told him/Harry to make his bed on weekdays. 7. Tyler said not to eat his/Tylers food. 8. Tyler told him/Harry to be a better roommate.

Unit 14
1 Modals and adverbs
1. 2. 3. a. b. c. a. b. a. Maybe it means she doesnt agree with you. It might mean she doesnt agree with you. It may mean she doesnt agree with you. That gesture possibly means Come here. That gesture probably means Come here. That must mean he doesnt understand you.

2 Permission, obligation, and prohibition

1. A:  Oh, no! That sign says No shing. That means we cant sh here. B:  Youre right. Weve got to/have to go somewhere else to sh. I think youre allowed to/can sh in the pond on Cedar Road. Lets go there. 2. A:  What does that sign mean? B:  It means bad news for us. It means you arent allowed to bring dogs to the beach. Wed better take Buddy home. 3. A:  Please dont leave your garbage here. Youve got to/have to put it in the trash room down the hall. Thats one of the buildings rules. B: Im really sorry.

2 Reported speech: statements

1. Lori said (that) she had to visit her grandparents that day. Lori told them (that) she had to visit her grandparents that day. 2. Mario said/told them (that) he was going to a play on Sunday. 3. Julia said/told them (that) she had promised to take her brother to the movies that day. 4. Daniel said/told them (that) he couldnt come because he had to study for a huge exam on Monday. 5. The neighbors said/told them (that) they would be out of town all weekend. 6. Alice said/told them (that) she might have to babysit her nephew.

Grammar plus answer key

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